つながる英単語ノート 目次 語根編

基本英単語8000語全部の語源を、“語根”ごとに整理することを目指しています。

以下の目次に示すページ区分は Carl Darling Buck の A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages (1949) により、場合によっては一つのページに意味の似ている複数の“語根”を並べています。

凡例はまだ作っていませんが、一番最初の記事でこの企画について詳しめに書いています。

主要参考文献はこちら。

1 自然

§1.1 世界、宇宙
world, worldwide, mundane, cosmos, cosmetic, cosmic
§1.2 大地、土地
earth, earthquake, land, landscape, inland, island, landmark, farmland, grassland, homeland, woodland, landlord, mainland, landowner, wetland, landfill, territory, territorial, terrain, terrace, terrestrial, geo-, geography, geographic, geographical, geology, geologic, geological, geometry, geometric, geometrical
§1.213 ほこり
dust, dusty
§1.214 泥
mud, muddy
§1.215 砂
sand, sandy, arena
§1.25 島
island, isle, insulate, isolate, insulation, isolation, peninsula, insulin, insular
§1.27 岸
river, arrive, arrival
§1.31 水
water, waterfall, seawater, underwater, groundwater, waterproof, freshwater, aquarium, Aquarius, aquatic
§1.32 海
sea, overseas, seawater, seafood, seaside, marine, submarine, maritime
§1.33 湖
lake, lagoon
§1.34 湾
bay, gulf
§1.35 波
surround, surrounding, abound, abundant, abundance, redundant, redundancy
§1.37 泉、井戸
fountain
§1.42 木
tree, wood, wooden, woodland
§1.44 石、岩
stone, limestone, milestone, rock, rocky, petroleum, petrol
§1.51 空
heaven, heavenly, celestial, Uranus, uranium
§1.52 太陽
sun, Sunday, sunny, sunlight, sunrise, sunshine, sunflower, sunset, sunglass, solar, parasol, helium
§1.53 月
moon, Monday, moonlight, honeymoon, month, monthly, lunar
§1.54 星
consider, considerate, consideration, considerable, considerably, reconsider, desire, desirable, undesirable
§1.61 光
photo-, photograph, photo, photographer, photography, photographic, photocopy, photon, photosynthesis, photogenic
§1.62 闇
dark, darkness, darken, murk, murky, obscure
§1.71 空気
air, aero-, airport, airplane, aeroplane, aircraft, airline, airway, aerobic, aerobics, aerial, aerospace, airborne
§1.72 風
wind, windy, windmill, windshield, ventilation
§1.74a 蒸気
vapor, vapour, evaporate, evaporation
§1.75 雨
rain, rainy, rainfall, rainbow, rainforest
§1.81 火
fire, ceasefire, fireplace, fireman, firearm, firefighter, ignite, ignition

2 人と家族

§2.1 人
man, manly, woman, gentleman, businessman, businesswoman, fisherman, chairman, chairwoman, policeman, policewoman, spokesman, spokeswoman, freshman, congressman, congresswoman, salesman, saleswoman, mankind, fireman, manslaughter, batsman, gunman, manpower, craftsman, craftswoman
§2.36 母
mother, grandmother, motherhood, matter, material, matrix, maternal, maternity
§2.82 家族
family, familiar, familiarity, unfamiliar

3 動物

§3.11 動物
deer, reindeer, beast, zoo-, zoology, zoological, zoological garden, zoo
§3.15 家畜
peculiar, peculiarity

4 身体

§4.16a 腱、筋肉
nerve, nervous, nervously, neuron, neural, neurosis
§4.20 頭
chief, chef, cape, achieve, achievement, kerchief, handkerchief, per capita, capital, cattle, capitalize, capitalism, capitalist, captain, chapter
§4.26 舌
tongue, language, linguist, linguistic, linguistics, bilingual
§4.27 歯
tooth, dentist, dental
§4.44 心臓
courage, courageous, encourage, encouragement, discourage, record, recorder
§4.51a 肺
lung
§4.66 糞
shit, dirt, dirty
§4.71 子をもうける
gender, genre, generate, generation, generator, regenerate, regeneration, general, generally, generalize, generous, generosity, generously, gentle, gentleman, genius, germ
§4.74 生きる
quick, quickly, survive, survival, survivor, vivid, vividly, revive, revival, viva, vital, vitality, vitamin, viable, bio-, biology, biological, biologically, biologist, biodiversity, -biotic, antibiotic, biography, autobiography, biotechnology, biomedical, biopsy
§4.81 強い
strong, strength, strengthen, strongly, fort, force, forceful, fortress, effort, comfort, comfortable, comfortably, discomfort, enforce, enforcement, reinforce, reinforcement
§4.83 健康
sound, soundly, sane, sanity, sanitary, sanitation, insane, insanity
§4.84 病気
sick, sickness
§4.86 治す
medicine, medical, medication, remedy
§4.89 毒
virus, viral
§4.95 耳が聞こえない
deaf, absurd, bother
§4.96 口が利けない
dumb, dumbbell, mute
§4.99 裸
bare, barely, naked, nude, gymnasium, gym, gymnastic, gymnastics

5 飲食

§5.13a 飲み込む
swallow, absorb, absorption
§5.21 料理する
cook, cooking, cookbook, cooker, cuisine, kitchen, biscuit
§5.55 粉
powder, pollen
§5.56 挽く
grind, mill, windmill

6 服飾

§6.59 ヴェール
veil, reveal, revelation, velar

7 住居

§7.21 部屋
cell, cellular, cellar, chamber, camera, comrade
§7.31 暖炉
focus, focal, fuel, foyer

8 農業

§8.22 掘る
fossil
§8.55 枝
verge, virgin

9 手工

§9.11 する、作る
make, maker, lawmaker, policymaker, makeup, handmade, homemade, makeshift, fact, feat, face, facial, superficial, surface, interface, facile, facility, faculty, difficult, difficulty, facilitate, factor, factory, feature, faction, fashion, fashionable, feasible, perfect, perfectly, perfection, efficient, efficiently, efficiency, inefficient, coefficient, effect, effective, effectively, effectiveness, ineffective, efficacy, affect, affected, unaffected, affection, affective, proficient, proficiency, profit, profitable, profitability, nonprofit, suffice, sufficient, insufficient, sufficiently, affair, infect, infection, infectious, defect, deficit, deficient, deficiency, defective, practise, practice, practical, practically, practitioner, pragmatic
§9.14 曲げる、傾ける
incline, inclination, decline, recline
§9.16 縛る
strain, strict, strictly, stringent, distress, stress, stressful, district, restrict, restriction, restrictive, constrain, constraint, prestige, prestigious
§9.21 たたく
plausible, explode, explosion, explosive, applause, refute, refuse, refusal, offend, offense, offence, offender, offensive, defend, defense, defence, fence, defendant, fend, fender, defender, defensive
§9.22 切る
cut, cutter, haircut, cement, scissors, decide, decided, decidedly, decision, decisive, precise, precisely, precision, -cide, pesticide, suicide, suicidal, homicide, genocide, rescind, tailor, detail, retail, retailer, entail
§9.26 砕く、割る
fragile, frail, fraction, fragment, fracture, route, routine, interrupt, interruption, disrupt, disruption, disruptive, abrupt, abruptly, corrupt, corruption
§9.32 伸ばす
tend, tent, tense, tendency, tension, attend, attendant, attendance, attention, extend, extent, extensive, extensively, pretend, intend, intense, intensify, intensity, intensely, intent, intently, intensive, intention, intentional, intentionally, contend, contention, contentious, contender, ostensible, ostensibly
§9.33 引く
draw, drag, drawing, withdraw, withdrawal, draught, draft, drawer, drawback, treat, treaty, treatise, treatment, tract, trait, trace, trail, tractor, traction, attract, attractive, attraction
§9.34 広げる
pass, pace, surpass, expand
§9.35 注ぐ
fusion, futile, confuse, confusion, refund, infuse, infusion
§9.423 使う
use, usual, useful, useless, usage, utility, utilize, utilise, utensil
§9.44 建てる
structure, structural, industry, industrial, industrious, construct, construction, constructive, instruct, instrument, instrumental, instruction, instructional, instructor, instructive, destroy, destruction, destructive
§9.64a 錬金術
alchemy, chemo-, alchemist, chemist, chemistry, chemical, chemotherapy
§9.72 形作る
faint, faintly, feint, figure, configuration, fiction, fictional
§9.75 編む
crate, grate, grill, gridiron, grid
§9.91 ある、いる
future, essence, essential, essentially, entity, present, represent

10 移動

§10.11 動かす、動く
move, movie, moment, momentum, mobile, motion
§10.12 回す
versus, version, vertical, vertebra, vertebrate, invertebrate, verse, versatile, divert, diverse, diversity, divorce
§10.13 ねじる
tort, torque, torch, torture, distort, distortion, retort
§10.22 上げる
tolerate, tolerant, tolerance
§10.25 投げる
jet, project, projection, projector, object, objective, objectively, objection
§10.32 流れる
fluent, fluctuate, fluctuation, flux, fluor, fluorescent, fluorine, fluorite, fluid, influence, influenza, flu, influential, affluent, reflux
§10.42 滑る
slight, slightly
§10.43 跳ぶ
salient, resilient, resilience, result, insult
§10.45a さまよう
vague, vaguely, vagabond, stray, extravagant
§10.47 行く
itinerary, sudden, suddenly, exit, transit, transition, transitional, cease, ceasefire, succeed, success, successful, successfully, succession, successive, successor, proceed, process, processor, procedure, procedural, procession, accessible, accessibility, access, accessory, ancestor, ancestry, exceed, excessive, excess, recede, recession, precede, precedent, unprecedented, decease, deceased, predecessor, concede, concession
§10.48 来る
venue, event, eventual, eventually, convenient, convenience, conveniently, inconvenient, inconvenience, convention, conventional, convent, avenue, adventure, venture, adventurous, adventurer, advent, invent, invention, inventor, inventory, prevent, prevention, preventive, souvenir, revenue, intervene, intervention
§10.52 ついて行く
follow, following, follower, sue, suit, suite, suitable, unsuitable, suitably, suitcase, lawsuit, swimsuit, sequence, consequent, consequence, consequently, consecutive, prosecute, pursue, pursuit, prosecution, prosecutor, execution, execute, executive, subsequent, subsequently
§10.61 運ぶ
gesture, suggest, suggestion, digest, digestion
§10.63 送る
Mass, -mas, Christmas, message, messenger, missile, mess, messy, mission, missionary, promise, compromise, commit, committee, subcommittee, commission, commissioner, commitment, admit, admitted, admittedly, admission, emit, emission
§10.64 導く
duke, duchess, produce, product, production, producer, productive, productivity, reproduce, reproduction, reproductive, reduce, reduction, introduce, introduction, introductory, educate, education, educational, educator, conduct, misconduct, conductor, semiconductor, induce, induct, induction, deduct, deduce, deduction
§10.67 押す、突く
distinguish, distinct, distinctly, distinctive, distinction, extinguish, extinct, extinction, instinct, instinctive, instinctively
§10.67a 突き出る
prominent, prominence, imminent, imminence, eminent, eminence
§10.71 道
via, voyage, previous, previously, obvious, obviously, trivia, trivial
§10.76 車輪
wheel, wheelchair, round, around, roll, role, rotate, rotation

11 所有と交易

§11.11 持つ
able, ability, inability, unable, enable, disable, disability, habit, exhibit, exhibition, prohibit, inhibit
§11.14 つかむ
hunt, hint, hunting, hunter
§11.34 ほどく、放つ
analysis, analyze, analyse, analyst, psychoanalysis, catalysis, catalyst, paralysis, paralyze, paralyse
§11.48 相続人
heir, heritage, heredity, inherit, inheritance
§11.83 商う
market, mart, supermarket, marketplace, merchant, merchandise, commerce, commercial, commercially, mercy, mercury

12 空間

§12.12 置く
position, positive, posture, oppose, opposite, opponent, opposition, expose, exposure, compose, compound, component, composite, compost, composer, composition, impose, imposition
§12.15 立つ
stay, stanza, stance, status, statue, institute, institution, institutional, substitute, substitution, constitute, constituent, constituency, constitution, constitutional, prostitute, prostitution, station, stationary, stable, establish, establishment, unstable, stability, instability, stabilize, stabilise, constable, stature, rest, arrest, distant, distance, cost, costly, constant, constantly, contrast, instant, instance, instantly, circumstance, substance, substantial, substantially, exist, existence, coexist, resist, resistant, resistance, irresistible, consist, consistent, consistently, consistency, inconsistent, inconsistency
§12.19 静かな
quiet, quit, quite, quietly, requiem
§12.21 集める
legend, legendary, lesson, lecture, lecturer, legion, collect, collection, collector, collective, collectively, select, selection, selective, selector, intelligent, intelligence, intellect, intellectual, intellectually, intelligible, unintelligible, elect, elegant, elite, election, eligible, eligibility, elector, electoral, electorate, neglect, negligence
§12.23 分ける
divide, dividend, devise, device, division, divisional, individual, individually
§12.23a ふるい分ける
certain, certainly, uncertain, certainty, uncertainty, ascertain, certify, certificate, certification, concerto, concert, secret, secretary, secretly, secrecy, secretion, concern, discern, discrete, discreet, discretion, discretionary, decree
§12.25 閉じる
close, clause, closet, closure, include, enclose, including, inclusion, inclusive, enclosure
§12.27 隠す
conceal, occult
§12.34 底
fund, found, foundation, fundamental, fundamentally, founder, profound, profoundly
§12.353 縁、へり
margin, marginal
§12.38 中心
center, centre, central, centrally, concentrate, concentration, eccentric
§12.51 形
form, format, formation, formal, formally, informal, formula, formulate, formulation, inform, information, info, informational, informative, uniform, uniformed, platform, transform, transformation, reform, reformer, conform, conformity
§12.56 小さい
small, little, tiny
§12.57 長い
long, length, lengthen, lengthy, prolong
§12.77 十字架
cross, crossing, cruise, crucial, across, crossroad
§12.83a 泡
bill, bowl, bowler, bullet, bulletin, boil, boiler
§12.84 線、列
order, ordinary, ordinarily, extraordinary, extraordinarily, ordinance, primordial
§12.91 等しい
equal, equally, equality, inequality, unequal, equate, equation, equator, adequate, inadequate, adequately, equity, equitable, equivalent, equilibrium
§12.94 しるし
sign, seal, signal, signify, significant, significantly, significance, insignificant, signature, design, designate, designer, designation, redesign, assign, assignment, resign, resignation

13 数量

§13.21 満ちた
full, fully, fill, fulfill, fulfil, landfill, plenty, comply, complete, complement, compliment
§13.22 空の
vacant, vacation, vacuum, evacuate, evacuation, void, avoid, avoidance, unavoidable, devoid
§13.23 部分
part, party, partition, parcener, partner, partnership, particle, parcel, particular, particularly
§13.23a 元素
element, elementary
§13.24 半分
half, halve, behalf, halfway, halftime
§13.32 一
unique, uniquely, unite, unity, unit, union, reunion, unify, unification
§13.33 単独の
private, privately, privacy, privatize, privatization, deprive, deprivation, privilege, privileged
§13.34 最初
prime, primary, premier, première, premiere, primarily, primitive, primate, prince, principal, principally, principle, princess
§13.41b 五
five, fifteen, fifty
§13.41c 六
six, sixteen, sixty

14 時間

§14.11 時
time, timing, sometimes, lifetime, sometime, anytime, overtime, lunchtime, meantime, longtime, daytime, timetable, timely, pastime, halftime, wartime, bedtime, tide, tidal, tempo, tense, temporary, temporarily, contemporary, temporal, temper, temperate, temperature, temperament, tempest
§14.13 新しい
new, news, newspaper, newsletter, newly, renew, renewal, renewable, newcomer, newborn, novel, novelty, novelist, novice, innovate, innovation, innovative, renovate, renovation, neo-, neon
§14.73 年
year, yearly, anniversary, annual, annually, millennium, millennial, perennial

15 感覚と知覚

§15.35 甘い
glyco-, glucose, glycogen, glycerin, glycerine
§15.51 見える
visa, visible, invisible, visibility, visibly, advice, advise, adviser, advisory, view, viewer, viewpoint, overview, preview, vision, television, telly, envision, visual, visually, visit, visitor, revise, revision, interview, interviewer, supervise, survey, supervisor, supervision, evident, evidence, evidently, provide, provider, provision, provisional, prudent, review, envy, video, videotape
§15.51a 現れる
appear, apparent, apparently, appearance, disappear, disappearance, transparent, transparency
§15.52 見る
species, spice, special, especial, especially, specially, specialist, specialize, specialise, specialization, specialisation, specialty, specific, specifical, specifically, specificity, specify, specification, spicy, speculate, speculation, speculative, spectator, spectacle, spectacular, specimen, spectrum, specter, spectre, spectral
§15.56 輝く
blink, blank, blanket
§15.57 明るい
light, highlight, sunlight, daylight, spotlight, moonlight, twilight, headlight, flashlight, lighter, lighten, lightning, enlighten, enlightenment
§15.64 白
white, album, auburn, albino
§15.78 鋭い
acute, eager, eagerly, exacerbate, vinegar, acid, acidic, oxygen
§15.81 重い
pension, expend, spend, expense, expensive, inexpensive, compensate, compensation, appendix, dispense, dispensable, indispensable, depend, suspend, suspension
§15.87 きれいな
clean, cleaner, cleanup, pure, purely, purify, purification, purity

16 感情と道徳

§16.14 配慮
cure, curious, secure
§16.17 運
fortune, fortunate, fortunately, unfortunate, unfortunately
§16.27 愛、愛する
amateur, enemy, amiable
§16.31a こうむる
patient, patience, impatience, patiently, impatient, impatiently, passion, passionate, passionately, passive, compassion, compassionate, compatible, incompatible
§16.35a 慰める
solace, console, consolation
§16.41 憎しみ
annoy, annoyance, ennui
§16.47 栄光
glory, glorious
§16.61 望む
voluntary, volunteer, voluntarily
§16.65 忠実な
true, truth

17 思考

§17.14 考える、意見を持つ
mean, meaning, meaningful, meaningless
§17.17 知る
can, cunning, know, notice, notion, narrate, ignore, ignorant, science, scientist, scientific, scientifically, conscience, conscientious, conscious, consciousness, consciously, unconscious, unconsciously, diagnosis
§17.42 原因
cause, because, causal, excuse, accuse, accusation, rush, recuse, refuse, refusal

18 言語

§18.12 歌う
charm, incentive, enchant, accent
§18.13 叫ぶ
explore, exploration, explorer, implore, deplore
§18.21a つぶやく
mutter, mumble, murmur, motto
§18.22 言う
blaspheme, blame, blasphemy, prophet, euphemism
§18.51 書く
script, manuscript, scripture, describe, description, descriptive, prescribe, prescription, transcribe, transcript, transcription, subscribe, subscription, subscriber
§18.53 文字
letter, literature, literal, literally, literate, literacy, literary, newsletter
§18.61 本
book, notebook, textbook, bookstore, guidebook, bookshelf, handbook, cookbook, bookshop, bookcase, booklet, library, librarian

19 社会

§19.17 境界
fine, final, finale, finally, finish, finite, infinite, infinitely, finished, unfinished, infinitive, finance, financial, financially, define, definite, definitely, indefinite, indefinitely, definition, definitive, refine, confines, confine, confinement, affinity
§19.31 支配する
rectangle, rectangular, rule, rail, regular, regularly, irregular, regulate, ruler, regulation, regulator, regulatory, railroad, railway, region, regional, regal, royal, royalty, reign, regime, regiment, direct, directly, dress, dressing, dresser, address, direction, director, directory, directive, surge, source, resource, resurrection, insurgent, correct, correctly, incorrect, incorrectly, correction
§19.37 市民
city, citizen, citizenship, civil, civilize, civilization, civilian, civic
§19.44 自由
liberal, liberalism, liberty, liberate, liberation, deliver, delivery
§19.58 助ける
help, helpful, helpless, helplessly, helper, aid, aide

20 戦争

§20.26 槍
lance, launch

21 法律

§21.12 法律
legal, loyal, legally, loyalty, loyalist, illegal, illegally, legitimate, legitimacy

22 宗教と迷信

23 機能語

§23.11 私
I, me, mine, my, myself, ego, Madame, madam, ma’am, monsieur