今日の英語ニュース☆2023.11.16☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Nov. 15, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[02:14]★今日のおすすめ★ A look inside the Gaza hospital raided by Israeli Defense Forces
The United Nations Security Council approved a resolution calling for "urgent and extended humanitarian pauses" in the fighting between Israel and Hamas in Gaza. It comes as Israeli forces have entered the Al Shifa hospital in Gaza and the compound that surrounds it. Israel and the U.S. say the hospital is used by Hamas as a command center, a charge the staff and Hamas deny. John Yang reports.
《イスラエルとハマスの戦い４０日目; The U.S., United Kingdom, and Russia abstained; 国連安保理決議; 人道的中断 》
[07:43] News Wrap
A heavily armed gang in Haiti reportedly stormed a hospital and took hundreds of hostages including women, children and newborns, U.K. leaders insisted they'll keep trying to send asylum seekers to Rwanda even after Britain's Supreme Court rejected the policy and officials in Ukraine say forces established a critical beachhead in a bid to retake Russian-held Crimea.
《The U.N.'s weather agency warned today that greenhouse gases in the atmosphere reached a record high in 2022, with no end in sight. New data showed average concentrations of carbon dioxide were 50 percent above pre-industrial levels for the first time; wholesale prices fell sharply in October, down half-a-percent from September. That is the biggest decline since April of 2020; 》
[11:38]★今日のおすすめ★ Biden pushes for stable U.S. relationship with China during summit with Xi
Wednesday in San Francisco, President Biden met face-to-face with Chinese leader Xi Jinping for the first time in a year. The two leaders are announcing agreements on military communication and a crackdown on the Chinese chemicals used to make fentanyl. But as Nick Schifrin reports, the goal was less about breakthroughs and more about stabilizing a troubled relationship.
《米中首脳会談; He (= Evan Medeiros, President Obama's top National Security Council official for Asia) calls better communications important, but warns, China views them differently than the U.S. EVAN MEDEIROS: They're skeptical of it, which is one of the reasons why they're so quick to cancel it. I think that they think, in particular, the crisis management part of the military-to-military channels are just a way for the Americans to create the conditions for them to push China even more; senior U.S. officials hope Beijing's aggression toward Taiwan could be -- quote -- "inhibited" by internal problems. Rare protests in 2021 at the offices of the real estate developer Evergrande revealed deep dissatisfaction with the Chinese economy. Today, more foreign direct investment is flowing out of the country than coming in. It's a sign international investors are concerned by Beijing's economic management; U.S. officials here at the summit site are eager for more communication and contacts, but they say they're not returning to diplomacy of the past. The overriding context of the relationship, they say, today is competition; The U.S. is just going to repeat, according to U.S. officials, what it has said in the past, that it believes in the One China policy, believes in the assurances that it has given Beijing in the past; it is unlikely to reassure Beijing. And so, yet again, we are talking about something where divisions are not going to be papered over at this summit at all; 》
[13:34] EVAN MEDEIROS, Former National Security Council Official: The way I think about the mil-mil relationship is that it's a necessary, but not sufficient condition for managing strategic competition.
[** mil-mil = military-to-military ]
[20:02]★今日のおすすめ★ GOP Rep. Gallagher discusses government funding debate and competition with China
As President Biden prepared for his meeting with Chinese President Xi in San Francisco, lawmakers in Washington were sorting out a plan to prevent a government shutdown. The House passed a temporary funding patch Tuesday with Republicans divided and Democrats mostly in favor. Geoff Bennett discussed both issues with GOP Rep. Mike Gallagher of Wisconsin, the chair of the Select Committee on China.
《マイク・ギャラガー下院議員(ウィスコンシン州選出、共和党、下院中国特別委員会委員長)へのインタビュー; 米中サミットと政府閉鎖回避策について; 中国共産党 》
[20:40] Prior to the other one, I'd never voted for a clean C.R. And now here we did waste a month deposing Speaker McCarthy, having this internal battle, and yet we're exactly where we were at the start of that process. And I'm increasingly concerned that we are going to sleepwalk our way into a defense sequester, because, of course, according to the terms of the Fiscal Responsibility Act, if we don't pass appropriations bills, we're going to trigger a 1 percent across-the-board cut next year.
[** C.R. = continuing resolution = An act of Congress which extends the current governmental budget situation through allocation of further funds in the same manner as the current budget, to avoid a government shutdown due to lack of allocated funding (wiktionary). 予算継続決議 ]
[** sequester (名詞) < to sequester (動詞) = To remove (certain funds) automatically from a budget (wiktionary) ]
[26:13] MIKE GALLAGHER: The most important form of communication to the Chinese Communist Party, far more important than anything Biden says in San Francisco right now, is actually that we surge hard power west of the international date line to the Indo-Pacific to make it impossible for Xi Jinping to conquer Taiwan militarily. That is the language, the language of hard power, that dictators like Xi Jinping understand.
[** hard power = the ability to achieve one's goals by force, esp military force (thefreedictionary); In politics, hard power is the use of military and economic means to influence the behavior or interests of other political bodies...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_power ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります ) ハードパワー ]
[26:38] We also need to make sure that we don't mirror-image our own Western values onto this regime. And in the past, people who have made an argument for cooperation with China have cited not only climate change, but also stability on the Korean Peninsula, as well as public health and pandemic prevention, as areas where interests align. But the pandemic, the increased threats from the North Korean regime, and certainly the fact that China is the worst environmental actor in the world, I think, undermine this argument that somehow our interests align or that Xi Jinping cares about commitments made at COP 27. I can assure you, he does not.
[** mirror-imageを動詞として使っているが、この部分の意味はおそらく… 欧米と同じ価値観を中国に投影して考えないようにする。欧米と同じ価値観を中国に期待しないようにする ]
[27:30] Father of Israeli American held hostage by Hamas on efforts to bring him home
Among the estimated 239 hostages believed to be held by Hamas in Gaza is 35-year-old Israeli American Sagui Dekel-Chen. He lives in kibbutz Nir Oz near the Gaza border, which came under brutal attack by Hamas terrorists on October 7. His father, Jonathan Dekel-Chen, is in Washington meeting with U.S. officials to help free his son and sat down with Amna Nawaz to speak about his efforts.
《ハマスの人質になっているアメリカ人、その父親へのインタビュー; Sagui Dekel-Chen; Jonathan Dekel-Chen; U.S. hostage envoy, Roger Carstens; Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs; 》
[29:03] AMNA NAWAZ: You have shared your son's story with my colleague Nick Schifrin earlier, last month. [** 関連ニュース ]
As you mentioned, he was protecting his wife and his children when Hamas attacked. You said he physically fought the terrorists before himself being kidnapped.
[33:50] Universities pushed to address mental health concerns on campus after student suicides
Higher education is facing a mental health crisis. Yale settled a lawsuit following the death of a student by suicide in 2021 and will allow students flexibility to take lighter course loads and keep their healthcare while on medical leave. Geoff Bennett discussed more with Dr. Jessi Gold for our reporting on Early Warnings: America's Youth Mental Health Crisis and our series, Rethinking College.
《大学生のメンタルヘルス; 学生の自殺で訴えられたエール大学が和解条件として改善したこと; Jessi Gold, assistant professor of psychiatry at Washington University in St. Louis; 》
[34:56] Mental Health Justice at Yale was founded in the immediate aftermath of Rachael Shaw-Rosenbaum's passing by suicide. She was a first-year student. The resources that she lacked and the policies that made her feel like she didn't have the help that she needed were very, very clear. She had spoken publicly about feeling this need to move down to a part-time course load, and if she could just move down to part-time courses, she would be able to get on top of her mental health, but that that was not an option at Yale.
[** to get on top of = to control problems and difficulties successfully ]
[36:10] In a statement to the "NewsHour," North Carolina State said it has expanded mental health resources and access both on campus and to the broader school community. That includes nearly 30 more counselors and clinical positions in recent years, additional wellness days, greater peer support, and new telehealth options.
[** < Wellness Days can and should be used when a student wishes to be absent from a day of classes, whether it’s due to mental health, emotional wellbeing, physical illness, or personal circumstances. Taking a day to perform some self-care or seek assistance from available resources will allow students to return to class with renewed purpose...
https://wellnessdays.studentlife.northeastern.edu/overview/ ]
[44:11]★今日のおすすめ★ America at a Crossroads: Why people in an Ohio town feel left behind in the modern U.S. economy
岐路に立つアメリカ：分断の原因と解決策を探るシリーズの第19回／かつての製鉄の街オハイオ州スチューベンビル。自分たちは見捨てられた存在だと感じる住民が多い理由
シリーズ 第１回 第２回 第３回 第４回
第５回 第５回 第７回 第８回
第９回 第１０回 第１１回 第１２回
第１３回 第１４回 第１５回
第１６回 第１７回 第１８回
Steubenville, Ohio, was once a powerhouse of American manufacturing. But like many communities that depended on the steel industry, it has struggled to find its place in the modern economy as the country as a whole sees high growth and employment. Judy Woodruff visited the small city to understand why many of its residents say they feel forgotten. It's for her series, America at a Crossroads.
《"We're the flyover country in flyover country"; With its steel unions, this used to be a Democratic stronghold and a vital stop on presidential campaigns; Barack Obama carried it narrowly in 2008. But eight years later, and again in 2020, Donald Trump won the county overwhelmingly. And many would like to see him return again next year; 》
[47:13] JUDY WOODRUFF: The poverty here has had a dramatic effect on the lives of Steubenville residents. All of the downtown area is defined as a food desert by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. And on the south side of town, life expectancy is 17 years below the national average.
[** food desert = A populated region where food, especially healthy food, is difficult to obtain (wiktionary)]
[48:20] One resident recently complained: "We're the flyover country in flyover country."
[** flyover country = The states located in the middle of the US, as opposed to those on or near the East and West Coasts. The phrase is typically used derisively to dismiss these states as unimportant, uninteresting, or not worthy of visiting (i.e. the states that one flies over on the way to worthwhile destinations).]
[52:48] CHANDLER HOFFMAN, Student: Half my day is college credit-plus classes.
[** < College Credit Plus (CCP) allows qualified students in grades seven through 12 to earn college and high school credit at the same time by taking college courses from community colleges or universities. The purpose of this program is to promote rigorous academic pursuits and to provide a variety of options to college-ready students...
https://registrar.osu.edu/priorlearning/college-credit-plus.html ]
■ おすすめの辞書（時事英語やニュース英語に強い辞書）
■ 英語のラジオを聞く（BGM代わりにCNNやBBC）
■ 英語のテレビを見る（NBC News ・ ABC News）
■ セサミストリートで英語を楽しむ
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