今日の英語ニュース☆2023.10.13☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Oct. 12, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[02:37]★今日のおすすめ★ Hospitals overwhelmed as Gaza siege intensifies and Israel vows Hamas will 'be crushed'
There are now nearly 3,000 dead in the six days of brutal violence between Israel and Hamas. More than 1,500 Palestinians have been killed, including 45 members of an extended family in their Gaza home, according to officials there. In Israel, more than 1,300 were killed in the weekend attacks., including 25 Americans. Amna Nawaz and Leila Molana-Allen report from Israel.
《イスラエルとハマスの戦い６日目; In Israel, more than 1,200 people have been killed. That includes 27 Americans; The U.S. government will begin operating charter flights tomorrow to evacuate any of the more than 100,000 Americans currently in Israel; Al-Shati refugee camp, hit by one of Israel's latest acts of retribution; Secretary of State Antony Blinken touched down in Israel this morning; This morning, Syrian media reported Israel struck international airports in Damascus and Aleppo; the Iranian foreign minister is in Iraq at the moment and was supposed to travel to Syria tomorrow and then to Lebanon afterwards. And there's suspicion that this might have been an attempt to stop essentially a council of war; On the border with Lebanon, Israeli forces and Hezbollah fighters continue to exchange fire; Hezbollah says its red line to attack Israel would be a ground invasion of Gaza. Prime Minister Netanyahu says that invasion is Israel's only option; we have now had another escalation, which is that Human Rights Watch have just confirmed that they're reporting says that white phosphorus was used by Israeli forces in both Gaza and on the Lebanese border in the last few days; 》
[07:19] Aside from sporadic rocket fire, Hezbollah has thus far stayed its hand. It says its red line to attack Israel would be a ground invasion of Gaza. Prime Minister Netanyahu says that invasion is Israel's only option.
[** to stay one's hand = To stop or prevent oneself from doing something ]
[13:27] And we have now had another escalation, which is that Human Rights Watch have just confirmed that they're reporting says that white phosphorus was used by Israeli forces in both Gaza and on the Lebanese border in the last few days. Now, white phosphorus is a substance that burns human skin horrifically. If you disperse into the air. Hundreds of pellets from each of these dispersals comes down. And if it hits human skin, it will burn you down to the bone. It can burn your lungs out. Just 10 percent of burns from this can kill a human being.
[** White phosphorus munitions = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_phosphorus_munitions ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります )
白リン弾 ]
[14:19] You mentioned, of course, Syrian officials saying Israeli airstrikes crippled two of their main airports today. What should we understand about that?
LEILA MOLANA-ALLEN: Well, so this is very interesting when this happened earlier today, because the explanation could be that it was a retaliation for any number of strikes coming in from Syria or Lebanon. But the Iranian foreign minister is in Iraq at the moment and was supposed to travel to Syria tomorrow and then to Lebanon afterwards. And there's suspicion that this might have been an attempt to stop essentially a council of war. People think that this foreign minister's trip is to drum up support for Hamas after the massive attack that happened, but, of course, everyone suspects was funded by the Iranian government. So, potentially, this attack happened in order to try and put out both those airports at the same time, so that he couldn't arrive and that meeting wouldn't happen.
[** council of war = A meeting convened to address a crisis or to make a plan of attack (wiktionary). 軍事会議、作戦会議 ]
[15:12]★今日のおすすめ★ People in Gaza describe living through bombings with no way to escape
More than 2 million people live in Gaza, one of the most densely populated corners of the planet. In the six days since Hamas’ terrorist attacks, Israel says it has dropped 6,000 bombs on Gaza. The UN says 650,000 Gazans face water shortages and 340,000 have had to flee their homes. Nick Schifrin and producer Zeba Warsi spoke to Gaza residents who face bombardment with no escape.
《逃げ場のないガザ地区住民の声; 戦争の現実; 》
[21:39] NICK SCHIFRIN: Dust to dust, and they fear the worst is still yet to come.
[** Dust to dust < Ashes to Ashes, Dust to Dust < https://www.christianity.com/wiki/christian-life/what-is-the-meaning-and-origin-of-ashes-to-ashes-dust-to-dust.html //
灰は灰に，ちりはちりに（埋葬のときの言葉） ]
[22:00] News Wrap
Federal prosecutors leveled a new charge alleging Sen. Bob Menendez conspired to act as a foreign agent of Egypt, the White House denounced former Donald Trump's criticism of top Israeli officials for failing to anticipate the Hamas attack and the Social Security Administration announced that benefits will increase by 3.2 percent next year.
《Trump also said last night that the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah, backed by Iran, has been very smart; The Labor Department's latest look at inflation is out, and it's a mixed picture; Contract talks between Hollywood studios and actors may be back to square one. The studios broke off negotiations last night, saying the gap between the two sides is just too great; ハリウッド俳優組合ストライキ、交渉は振出しへ; someone in Central California has won the world's second largest lottery jackpot ever, more than $1.7 billion. The winning ticket in last night's drawing was sold at Midway Market in Frazier Park.. The store gets $1 million for selling the winning ticket; 》
[25:41] Scalise slips further away from speakership as House Republicans remain deeply divided
House Republicans and Congressman Steve Scalise may have slipped further away from having the votes to fill the job of House speaker. The chamber remains frozen and the GOP is deeply divided over who should lead them. Congressional Correspondent Lisa Desjardins spoke to dozens of members during this highly unusual day and reports from Capitol Hill.
《下院議長選び、スティーブ・スカリス失速; Scalise can only lose four Republican votes to become speaker without Democratic help. These are the people, 14 of them, who now publicly oppose him; Scalise is dealing with myeloma, blood cancer; 骨髄腫; Scalise and his allies blocked an attempt to change the rules over how the speaker vote would go. He blocked it without even really giving a chance for real debate reminded them of the past and the way leadership forced things through; The other thing was today, his speech itself in the conference meeting. He fell flat; there's a talk of a plan C, maybe not Scalise, maybe not Jordan, maybe someone else; 》
[29:38] There are some who don't want Scalise. Essentially, Republicans are a little bit all over the place.
[** all over the place = inconsistent; not organized in a logical way; confused ]
[29:46] Like I said, it's painful and laborious at times, but I would say that momentum is, quite frankly, with Jim Jordan right now. I love Steve Scalise, but, again, I'm not on the whip team, but I can count votes, and the votes aren't there for Steve.
[** whip = A member of a legislative body, such as the US Congress or the British Parliament, charged by his or her party with enforcing party discipline and ensuring attendance (thefreedictionary) //
whip count = 以前の番組に出てきました ]
[30:53] Jeffries encourages moderate Republicans to join Democrats and end House deadlock
As Republican infighting complicates the process of electing a new speaker, House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries of New York joined Geoff Bennett to discuss who Democrats would like to see holding the gavel and how it is affecting aid for Israel and Ukraine.
《下院民主党院内総務ハキーム・ジェフリーズへのインタビュー; 議長選びの遅れがイスラエルやウクライナへの支援にどう影響するか; 民主党は誰に議長になってもらいたいのか; the idea of linking aid to Israel with extended Ukraine funding as a strategy to have put both priorities pass; we just need traditional Republicans to break from their extremist wing and join us in a bipartisan coalition; November 17 government shutdown deadline; 》
[38:14] I'm hopeful that my traditional Republican colleagues who are interested in governance, who care about the institution of the people's house are willing to sit down and talk with us about finding an enlightened path and agreement that allows us to do the business of the American people and solve problems for hardworking American taxpayers.
[** People’s House = The House of Representatives is often referred to as the “People’s House” because the House more closely represents the people than any other branch of government. While both chambers must work together to create legislation, The House of Representatives has distinct constitutional responsibilities such as taxation, while the Senate has other duties, such as the power of confirmation and treaty ratification...
https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/politics/us-government-structure/house-of-representatives/ ]
[40:21]★今日のおすすめ★ America at a Crossroads: College campuses become focus of debate over what constitutes free speech
岐路に立つアメリカ：分断の原因と解決策を探るシリーズの第１７回／政治的分断が進む中、大学での言論の自由・学問の自由を考える
シリーズ 第１回 第２回 第３回 第４回
第５回 第５回 第７回 第８回
第９回 第１０回 第１１回 第１２回
第１３回 第１４回 第１５回
第１６回
Since the attack by Hamas and Israel’s ongoing response, there have been bitter debates on many college campuses over which side bears responsibility. This plays into already raging debates at many schools over free speech and academic freedom. Judy Woodruff visited four colleges to understand how this fits into the nation's political divide. It's part of her series, America at a Crossroads.
《According to recent polling by the Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression, a nonpartisan group that tracks threats to freedom of speech, 62 percent of U.S. college students said that shouting down a speaker was acceptable to some degree; 20 percent said using violence to disrupt a speaking event would be acceptable to some degree; Americans across the political spectrum say they view colleges as unfriendly to conservative ideas; the problem with declaring things as hate speech and putting them out of bounds is, somebody has to decide what counts as hate speech. So it's really very dangerous to cede the right to express your views or that other person's views to someone else's decision. And history has shown us over and over and over that, when you cede that right, it's the marginalized groups that lose; Ilya Shapiro, conservative constitutional scholar; It didn't sit right with me that President Biden said that he was restricting his search by race and sex; This meant Shapiro's preferred choice wouldn't be named, the court would have a "lesser Black woman"; in response to a hyperpolitically conscious atmosphere on campuses, some colleges are now taking steps to encourage productive conversations among students and faculty; The American University Project on Civic Dialogue created what they call Disagree With a Professor sessions; as a number of campuses, like American and Cornell, move to confront concerns about limited speech, there's a growing worry among other schools, as conservative state governments are moving in the opposite direction; Eight states now have laws on the books that limit what state-run college and university professors can teach in their classrooms; Florida's law is the most specific and so far the most restrictive. The law S.B.266 makes it illegal to teach students that systemic racism, sexism, oppression, and privilege are inherent in the institutions of the United States. It also restricts funding for any campus activities that advocate for diversity, equity and inclusion, or promote or engage in political or social activism; Sarah Hernandez, sociology professor at the New College of Florida, lead plaintiff in a lawsuit against the state of Florida that challenges S.B.266; Forty percent of the New College faculty has quit since the DeSantis-chosen board of trustees was installed; Judy Woodruff; 》
[40:55] JUDY WOODRUFF: These are just some of the things invited guests to college campuses have heard in recent years, as they were shouted down, mocked, and otherwise prevented from speaking.
[** to shout down = To overwhelm or overpower someone or something into silence or submission by shouting or loudly criticizing ]
[42:00] But I think that we need to be very careful about hatred masquerading as, like, argumentation.
[** argumentation = debate, discussion ]
[44:46] MARTHA POLLACK: Yes, the problem with declaring things as hate speech and putting them out of bounds is, somebody has to get this -- to decide what counts as hate speech. So it's really very dangerous to cede the right to express your views or that other person's views to someone else's decision. And history has shown us over and over and over that, when you cede that right, it's the marginalized groups that lose.
[** out of bounds = Not open to discussion, commentary, or criticism; If a subject is out of bounds, you are not allowed to discuss it ]
[45:42] ILYA SHAPIRO: It didn't sit right with me that President Biden said that he was restricting his search by race and sex. And late at night on Twitter, not a best practice -- I don't recommend this -- I fired off what's known as a hot take before going to bed, didn't phrase it as I would have wished.
[** hot take = A bold, broad, and subjective moral generalization on a situation, with little or no original analysis or insight, especially by a journalist (wiktionary) //
see also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_take ]
[49:36] Eight states now have laws on the books that limit what state-run college and university professors can teach in their classrooms. Florida's law is the most specific and so far the most restrictive. The law S.B.266 makes it illegal to teach students that systemic racism, sexism, oppression, and privilege are inherent in the institutions of the United States. It also restricts funding for any campus activities that advocate for diversity, equity and inclusion, or promote or engage in political or social activism.
[** S.B.266 = Florida Senate Bill 266, also commonly known by its Florida House of Representatives counterpart House Bill 999, is Florida legislation relating to public universities within the state. Under the legislation, diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) programs and certain college majors relating to DEI would be eliminated or heavily restricted... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Senate_Bill_266 ]
[51:21] RON DESANTIS (R-FL), Presidential Candidate: Some of these niche subjects like Critical Race Theory, [** = 以前の番組に出てきました ] other types of DEI-infused [* DEI = diversity, equity and inclusion ] courses and majors, Florida's getting out of that game.