今日の英語ニュース☆2023.11.26☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める

PBS News Weekend Nov. 25, 2023

今日は上の動画サイトの字幕に多くの誤りや省略があったので（週末版はいつもそうです）、字幕ファイルを作るのはやめて簡単な説明だけにしました。下の語句の説明のところの英語は、実際に英語音声を聞いて誤りを訂正し、省略を補足してあります。

いつものような字幕ファイルが必要な人は、リンク先の方法で簡単にできますので自分で作ってください（元の字幕に含まれている誤りや省略はそのままになります）。自分で字幕ファイルを作れるようになれば、このnoteで字幕ファイルが入手できなくなっても、自分で教材を作ってずっと続けていくことが出来ます。

週末版の字幕は、翌日以降に比較的正確なものに差し替えられるようです。でも、ニュース番組なので、翌日以降に更新されても…

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■ 動画サイトへのリンク

・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います

[00:00]　Introduction

[01:55]　News Wrap
今日の主要ニュース

13 more Israeli hostages and four foreign nationals held by Hamas have been freed after frantic negotiations resolved a last-minute snag, Russia hit Ukraine with its most intense drone attack of the war so far, former Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin is expected to survive being stabbed in prison, (and journalist Betty Rollin died at age 87).
《イスラエルとハマスの戦い５０日目; 》

[05:40]　Researcher explains connection between ultra-processed foods and depression　
食べ物とメンタルヘルス、加工食品とうつの関係

The food we eat affects us in many ways. A recent study from Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School found a link between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and an increase in the risk of depression. Ali Rogin speaks with Olivia Okereke, an associate professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School who worked on the study, to learn more.

[05:55] A recent study from Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School finds a link between ultra-processed foods and depression.

[* ultra-processed foods < Some foods are highly processed or ultra-processed. They most likely have many added ingredients such as sugar, salt, fat, and artificial colors or preservatives. Ultra-processed foods are made mostly from substances extracted from foods, such as fats, starches, added sugars, and hydrogenated fats. They may also contain additives like artificial colors and flavors or stabilizers. Examples of these foods are frozen meals, soft drinks, hot dogs and cold cuts, fast food, packaged cookies, cakes, and salty snacks...
https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/what-are-ultra-processed-foods-and-are-they-bad-for-our-health-2020010918605 ]

[08:17] Well, there's a couple of things that we do. So, the first is that we make sure that, at the start of following up the participants, that they are not affected by depression already. So, we're really looking to what we call incident depression, that means the person is developing depression during the follow-up.

[* incident depression とは何かを説明している部分 //
ネット上に次のような説明もありました。 new cases of depression in patients with no history of depression...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26144582/ ]

[11:03]　The complicated legacy of Native American vice president Charles Curtis　
有色人種初の副大統領はカマラ・ハリスではなくチャールズ・カーティスだった

In 1929, Charles Curtis, an enrolled member of the Kaw Nation, became Herbert Hoover's vice president. John Yang speaks with biographer Deb Goodrich and tribal attorney Ken Bellmard about the story of America’s first and only Native American vice president.
《Deb Goodrich, author of "From the Reservation to Washington: The Rise of Charles Curtis"; Ken Bellmard, tribal attorney, member of the Kaw Nation, distant cousin of Charles Curtis ; 》

[11:02] When Kamala Harris became vice president, many said she was the first person of color in that position. But many Native Americans are quick to say she is actually the second. In 1929, Charles Curtis, an enrolled member of the Kaw Nation, became Herbert Hoover's vice president.

[* Charles Curtis (January 25, 1860 – February 8, 1936) was an American attorney and Republican politician from Kansas who served as the 31st vice president of the United States from 1929 to 1933 under Herbert Hoover...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Curtis ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります ) ]

[* enrolled member < Enrolled Tribal Member means a person who has been enrolled in the Tribe and whose name appears in the Tribal membership roll and who meets the written criteria for membership.
https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/enrolled-tribal-member ]

[13:26] The Kaw Nation takes a mixed view of Charles Curtis. I think those of us that are related to him, we appreciate the fact that he was a man of accomplishment. However, others in the tribe, because of the fact that the Curtis Act, which was very detrimental to tribal governments, bears his name, I think that causes a lot of people to have some mixed emotions about him and maybe not think of him in an overly positive way.
>> You mentioned the Curtis Act, that abolished tribal courts and put the residents of tribal lands under federal law. That was a big blow to tribal sovereignty.

[* Curtis Act = The Curtis Act of 1898 was an amendment to the United States Dawes Act; it resulted in the break-up of tribal governments and communal lands in Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) of the Five Civilized Tribes of Indian Territory: the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Muscogee (Creek), Cherokee, and Seminole. These tribes had been previously exempt from the 1887 General Allotment Act (Dawes Act) because of the terms of their treaties. In total, the tribes immediately lost control of about 90 million acres of their communal lands; they lost more in subsequent years...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtis_Act_of_1898 ]

[17:28]　The science behind why doing good makes us feel good　
他人に親切にすると気分がいいのはなぜ？その科学的理由

From lending someone a hand with their car to giving a simple “thank you” to a cashier, acts of kindness ? whether big or small ? can have a huge effect on both recipients and givers. Ali Rogin reports on insights into the power of these acts.

[19:20] I learned that acts of kindness raise the oxytocin levels in you. So, if you are performing an act of kindness or you are paying it forward to someone else, it's science that your body is getting that wave of love, that wave of happiness.

[* Oxytocin (Oxt or OT) is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide normally produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary.[3] Present in animals since early stages of evolution, in humans it plays roles in behavior that include social bonding, reproduction, childbirth, and the period after childbirth...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxytocin ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります ) オキシトシン ]

[* to pay it forward = To perform some act of kindness for someone else after being the recipient of such an act oneself ]

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