今日の英語ニュース☆2023.12.02☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Dec. 1, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
今日の番組内容
[02:36]★今日のおすすめ★ War returns to Gaza after cease-fire between Israel and Hamas ends
イスラエルとハマスの戦い５６日目／一時停戦が１週間で終了、戦闘再開
War has returned to Gaza after a week-long cease-fire. The pause saw Hamas release more than 100 hostages, Israel free more than 240 Palestinians and hundreds of aid trucks allowed into Gaza. Negotiators are working to reinstate the temporary truce that ended Friday, but the Gaza health authority controlled by Hamas said more than 175 Palestinians have already been killed. Nick Schifrin reports.
《Israel and the U.S. said Hamas failed to produce another list of hostages to be released today and, before the cease-fire expired, began firing rockets from Gaza into Israel; 》
[07:09]★今日のおすすめ★ Israeli officials repeatedly dismissed warning signs before Hamas attack, report claims
１０月７日の諜報大失敗／イスラエルは攻撃計画をつかみながらハマスの能力を過小評価、対応せず
For months, there has been a question lurking about how Israel’s intelligence services failed to recognize the plans Hamas was making for its attack on October 7. But according to a New York Times report, Israeli intelligence obtained a 40-page document detailing the plan a year before it happened. William Brangham discussed the report with Adam Goldman, one of the journalists who broke the story.
《In the days that followed October 7, there were reports that low-level analysts had reported seeing Hamas agents rehearsing some parts of this attack, but those warnings were dismissed; You obtained this roughly 40 page document, which you report Israel had in its hands for more than a year. Israel even gave it a name, called it "Jericho Wall" ; ジェリコの壁; エリコの壁; then there were others (= other intelligence analysts) who felt this was imaginary. And they literally used that word, that this -- Hamas wanted to do this, but, of course, they weren't ready to; 》
[09:28] And, ultimately, I believe, and -- I believe in May of last year a -- the Gaza division, which is in charge of the security of that particular area by the Gaza Strip, a commander wrote that this was a compass, right? And they didn't believe that Hamas had reached the capability it had outlined in this in this battle plan. In other words, the compass was the direction where they wanted to go, but they had yet to arrive there.
[** この文脈でのcompassという言葉の意味を説明している部分 ]
[10:54] ADAM GOLDMAN: Well, it was clear to us in the -- in the interviews that The Times had done, as well as an e-mail chain that we obtained involving a veteran Hamas analyst working for an Israeli intelligence officer who wrote in this e-mail chain in July of this year of 2023 that the gap had been narrowed, and it seemed that Hamas, after she learned about a training exercise, was going to implement at least part of this battle plan, though, while the battle plan talked about using up to, I believe, 2,000 Hamas commandos, they thought the number might be smaller.
[** e-mail chain < A conversation that takes place within an e-mail application is referred to as an “e-mail chain” or an “e-mail string” or an “e-mail thread”
https://legaltechsociety.org/Blog/10266485 ]
[13:17] They also, it seems, weren't willing to challenge their own conventional wisdom. And, in a sense, confirmation bias had seeped into the intelligence thinking. And people might have been in an echo chamber. [** echo chamber = An environment in which a person is exposed to only those beliefs and opinions that agree with their own, so that their existing views are magnified and reinforced while alternative ideas are not expressed or considered.]
[** confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one's prior beliefs or values... (wikipedia) ]
[13:50] News Wrap
今日のその他の主要ニュース
A federal appeals court panel ruled that Jan. 6 lawsuits against former President Trump will move forward, an inmate is charged with attempted murder after stabbing Derek Chauvin 22 times in a federal prison and Ukraine's spy agency has reportedly reached deep into Russia, blowing up two fuel tanker trains in Siberia.
《Derek Chauvin, the former police officer who killed George Floyd; World leaders appealed for action today at the second day of COP 28, the U.N. climate conference in Dubai; A growing population means the global demand for food is likely to increase by an estimated 50 percent by the year 2050. An escalating climate crisis means that crop yields could drop by as much as 30 percent over that same period; The jailed Russian opposition leader Alexey Navalny has announced he's facing new criminal charges; Russian-American journalist Alsu Kurmasheva will stay in jail in Southwestern Russia until February; it may get harder to claim the full $7,500 tax credit for buying electric vehicles if the batteries contain Chinese-made materials; アレクセイ・ナワリヌイ; 》
[18:16] Santos expelled from House in wake of his many lies and scandals
サントス議員、ついに除名処分／下院議員除名は２０年以上ぶり
For the first time in more than two decades, Congress has expelled one of its own. Rep. George Santos is out of a job in the wake of his many lies and scandals. Congressional correspondent Lisa Desjardins reports on the historic development.
《The first expulsion of a Republican from Congress, and more than 100 Republicans voted to do it; a criminal trial set for next fall; If convicted, the congressman, who spent less than a year representing New York, could face a prison term measured in decades; another member of the Republican Party, Congressman Max Miller, who sent out an e-mail to his colleagues saying that he and his mother personally were victims of George Santos, that, when they gave money to the campaign, they were bilked out of -- ultimately lost some $30,000; 》
[19:04] LISA DESJARDINS: He won by seven points, but, within weeks, a local newspaper story of his misconduct went national. Santos lied about graduating from college, about working for top New York financial firms, and even his claims of being a Jew.
[** George Santos 関連ニュース ]
[23:34]★今日のおすすめ★ Remembering Sandra Day O'Connor (1930-2023) and her legacy on and off the Supreme Court
サンドラ・デイ・オコナー元連邦最高裁判事死去／女性初の最高裁判事／功績を振り返る
Sandra Day O'Connor, the history-making justice who was the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court, died Friday at 93. Her tenure is notable not just because she was the first woman, but also because of what she did in her 24 years there. Judy Woodruff and John Yang take a look at O’Connor's legacy both on and off the court.
《The young Sandra Day earned degrees at Stanford University and its law school, where she was a classmate of future Chief Justice William Rehnquist; after having children, she turned to politics, serving in the state Senate, and became a judge for Arizona's State Court of Appeals. Then, in 1981, President Ronald Reagan nominated O'Connor to the U.S. Supreme Court; She described herself as a judicial conservative and won unanimous Senate confirmation. But after joining the court, she came to be regarded as more moderate and a swing vote; In 1992, Justice O'Connor was the critical fifth vote against overturning the landmark Roe v. Wade decision that legalized abortion; Later, she joined a one-vote majority in striking down state limits on so-called partial-birth abortions; In 2003, she wrote the majority opinion upholding the use of race in deciding college admissions; she voted with the 5-to-4 majority in Bush v. Gore, the case that ultimately settled the bitterly disputed 2000 presidential election; She was the lone woman on the High Court for 12 years, until President Bill Clinton nominated Ruth Bader Ginsburg in 1993; O'Connor retired from the court in 2006, citing her husband's health, but continued hearing cases in the U.S. Courts of Appeals; I was asked in my Senate confirmation hearing about how I'd like to be remembered. I called it the tombstone question. And I said, I hope the tombstone might read, "Here lies a good judge"; ●29:11～ Joan Biskupic, Supreme Court analyst for CNN; she was a real politician on the court. She came knowing how to count votes, knowing how to work consensus; people were critical of that sort of consensus-building, center-of-the-court approach she had, but it really did steady the law in America in a way that we don't have right now; she was Senate majority leader in the Arizona Senate; she realized that to have smooth relations inside the court, you needed to build relationships outside the court with your colleagues; 》
[35:06]★今日のおすすめ★ Brooks and Capehart on the ouster of George Santos
金曜恒例：２人の政治アナリストと今週を振り返る
New York Times columnist David Brooks and Washington Post associate editor Jonathan Capehart join Amna Nawaz to discuss the week in politics, including George Santos getting ousted from the House, the GOP presidential primary race heating up with Nikki Haley rising in the polls and the debate between Ron DeSantis and Gavin Newsom.
《what was he (= George Santos) thinking? That has never been answered. The only explanation I have ever heard was, he assumed he'd lose, so nobody would check into the way he spent the campaign money and ... and he ended up winning; she (= Nikki Haley) represents the older generation of Republicans, which was hawkish abroad and somewhat not as populist, not as anti-immigrant as the Trump Republican Party has turned out to be; 》
[37:59] She's just good at it. She gives a good speech. She's strong when she needs to be. She's folksy when she needs to be. She does good retail politics. So that still matters.
[** retail politics = 以前の番組に出てきました ]
[39:22] But here's my issue with anyone in that race who isn't Donald Trump. And Robert Kagan gets at it in this fantastic op-ed, essay he does for The Washington Post, where he's saying that Trump dictatorship, the headline says, is inevitable. And one of the things he says is that, right now, you have people saying they want to take down Trump. The Kochs have endorsed Nikki Haley. But once it becomes clear, if Donald Trump sews up the nomination, watch all of these people circle the wagons and do everything they can to get him elected.
[** to get at = to allude to or suggest a particular point ]
[* to sew up = to gain complete control of; monopolize ]
[41:52] AMNA NAWAZ: Jonathan, when you look at this, is this effectively a shadow campaign Governor Newsom is running here?
[** shadow campaign = 「影の選挙運動」 。(この文脈では)出馬表明はしていないが、大統領選候補のように活動すること。何らかの理由でバイデン大統領の選挙戦がうまくいかなくなった場合、すぐに代わりになれるようにしておく // 関連表現：shadow cabinet ]
[42:16] But what Gavin Newsom is doing is what he has been doing for at least two years, which is taking the fight directly to Republicans. This guy has been watching FOX News regularly for years now, and he just got tired of having Democrats be on the back foot, when they have got policies, when they have got accomplishments that they should be fighting for.
[** on the back foot = in a defensive posture; on the defensive ]
[42:40] So this isn't the first time that DeSantis and Newsom have gone head to head. Remember, Governor Newsom bought billboards in Florida telling people, hey, they're banning your books and say don't say gay. Come to California, where we will welcome you with open arms.
[** don't say gay = 以前の番組に出てきました ]
[44:06] David, let's begin with Henry Kissinger, who undoubtedly reshaped global politics, also left millions of people dead in the wake of his policies. How are you looking at his legacy?
DAVID BROOKS: Yes, I mean, it's important to remember he [* = Kissinger ] grew up as Germany was nazifying. And I think, out of that, he grew this pessimistic sense that the crust of civilization is thin, and we have to do what we can to preserve order. And, sometimes, that worked out, the trip to China, and then the detente with the Soviets. But, as you indicated, in some cases, he was blind to human rights abuses, too much Machiavelli, too much realpolitik. And so we see the downside of his career.
[** キッシンジャーについて昨日の番組に次のように説明がありました。Heinz Alfred Kissinger was born in Germany in 1923 to a Jewish family. When he was 15, they fled Nazi Germany for New York ]
[** crust of civilization is thin < We were not aware that civilization was a thin and precarious crust erected by the personality and the will of a very few, and only maintained by rules and conventions skilfully put across and guilefully preserved. (From the essay 'My Early Beliefs' by John Maynard Keynes ) ]
[** Machiavelli < Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527), Italian statesman and writer, whose work The Prince (1532) advises that acquiring and exercising power may require unethical methods (wiktionary). マキャベリ ]
[** realpolitik = 昨日の番組に出てきました ]
[45:29] Sandra Day O'Connor. How are you looking at her life and its impact?
JONATHAN CAPEHART: Well, one, I mean, she was a historymaker, the first woman on the Supreme Court. She was a conservative, but she was a moderate when it came to reproductive rights. She was the one who tapped the brakes on a lot of things that the court could have done.
[** to tap the brakes = to slow down and be cautious ]
[46:38] Hmong chef s brings a taste of home to Minnesota’s Twin Cities
再放送： モン族のシェフ、ミネソタに故国の味を
この部分は再放送です。今回は省略された部分がありますが、字幕ファイルには省略された部分の字幕も入っています。少し面倒ですが、今回の字幕ファイルをテキストエディタで開いて読みながら、前回の動画を見ることをお勧めします。
St. Paul, Minnesota, is home to the nation’s largest population of Hmong, an Indigenous people from Southeast Asia. After the Vietnam War, thousands of Hmong refugees ended up in the Upper Midwest and have called the area home for nearly 50 years, but their cooking hadn’t quite found a foothold in the local dining scene. As special correspondent Megan Thompson reports, one chef is changing that.
[47:34] MEGAN THOMPSON: Vang's Union Hmong Kitchen started in 2016 as a pop-up then a food trailer outside a local cidery.
[** cidery = A facility where hard cider is produced // hard cider = an alcoholic drink made from the fermented juice of apples ]
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