今日の英語ニュース☆2023.09.01☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Aug. 31, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[02:34] Residents in Florida's Big Bend region begin recovery after Hurricane Idalia
Tropical Storm Idalia is heading back out to sea, but in its wake, Florida, Georgia and the Carolinas are busy cleaning up. As a Category 3 hurricane, Idalia caused major damage in Florida's Big Bend region, but overall there was less damage throughout the Southeast than many feared. William Brangham reports from Florida where people say they want to stay and rebuild.
《Hurricane Idalia; 》
[07:41] WILLIAM BRANGHAM: That sentiment from Ms. Gross that she has had it with Florida is not unanimous. I mean, we have talked with a lot of people here who said, despite what they have been through, they want to rebuild and they want to stay.
[** have had it = to have endured all that one can. もううんざり]
[10:36] News Wrap
Sen. Mitch McConnell got the green light to continue working a day after he froze up during a news conference, the White House asked Congress to pass a stopgap funding bill and prevent a partial government shutdown on October 1 and Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas confirmed taking three trips last year on a Republican donor's private plane.
《Minority Leader Mitch McConnell; Iran accused Israel of sabotaging the Iranian ballistic missile program wit faulty electrical connectors for missiles and drones; Andrew Lester will stand trial for shooting Ralph Yarl, who went to the wrong home to pick up his younger brothers; 》
[10:36] GEOFF BENNETT: In the day's other headlines: Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell got the green light to continue working. The Kentucky Republican froze up during a news conference Wednesday for the second time in two months. He suffered a concussion back in March. Today, the attending physician of Congress cleared the senator.
[** < Attending Physician of the United States Congress = The Attending Physician of the United States Congress is the physician responsible for the medical welfare of the members of the United States Congress and the justices of the Supreme Court of the United States...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attending_Physician_of_the_United_States_Congress ]
[11:42] Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas has confirmed taking three trips last year on a Republican donor's private plane. The donor, Harlan Crow, also owns the Georgia house where Thomas' mother lives, and he paid private school tuition for a child raised by the justice.
[** 関連ニュース ]
[12:03] In South Africa, a fire in Johannesburg killed at least 74 people early today and injured more than 50. Officials say the inferno consumed a rundown apartment building that was occupied primarily by squatters and other recently unhoused people. When the flames were extinguished, only a burned-out shell remained, and responders laid out dozens of bodies on the pavement. The city manager pledged action on the longstanding problem of derelict buildings.
[** city manager = (government) A municipal official responsible for the operations of a city, usually appointed by a town or city council rather than elected (wiktionary) ]
[13:31] In Missouri, a judge ordered that the 84-year-old white man who shot a Black teenager after he mistakenly went to the man's house must stand trial. Ralph Yarl had gone to the wrong home to pick up his younger brothers. Andrew Lester shot the 16-year-old twice, the first time in his head and again when he was on the ground. Yarl is still recovering from a brain injury, but has started his senior year in high school.
[** 関連ニュース ]
[15:06] Trump pleads not guilty in Georgia case, judge rules trial will be televised
Former President Donald Trump pleaded not guilty Thursday to charges in Georgia that accuse him and 18 allies of trying to upend the 2020 presidential election results in that state. The plea allows Trump to avoid an in-person arraignment next week. Geoff Bennett discussed the latest developments with Stephen Fowler of Georgia Public Broadcasting.
《Donald Trump pleaded not guilty, allowing him to avoid an in-person arraignment next week (arraignment waiver); Stephen Fowler, Georgia Public Broadcasting; the judge will have a YouTube channel to stream all of the court hearings; Georgia Governor Brian Kemp rejecting calls to discipline or remove a Fulton County district attorney, Fani Willis; 》
[15:44] There are 19 defendants and many of them have entered what's known as an arraignment waiver, which means they have entered their pleas of not guilty ahead of time. And they don't have to show up for this quick 15-minute scheduled hearing next Wednesday.
[** arraignment waiverとは何かを説明している部分 ]
[16:20] And this comes as the judge also ruled, Geoff, that there will be cameras in the courtroom. The judge will have a YouTube channel to stream all of the court hearings related to this. So we will be able to watch things in real time.
[** ２０２０年の大統領選の選挙結果をトランプが覆そうとした件についてのジョージア州の刑事裁判で、担当判事が裁判をYouTubeでライブ配信することを決めた、というニュース]
[18:10] We're also waiting for the judge in this case to rule on Mark Meadows, the former White House chief of staff, his request to have this case moved from state court to federal court. [** 関連ニュース ]
[18:52]★今日のおすすめ★ Can the 14th Amendment be used to block Trump from 2024 ballots?
Despite his legal troubles, former President Trump has a clear lead in the race for the Republican nomination. But is he qualified to run? A cohort of conservative legal scholars say no and a new lawsuit could put their theory to the test. They argue he violated the 14th Amendment with his actions on and before Jan. 6. Laura Barron-Lopez discussed more with Ned Foley.
《can the 14th Amendment be used for disqualifying Trump?; Ned Foley, director of election law at Ohio State University's Moritz College of Law; conservative Federalist Society law professors adovocating the theory; longshot candidate in the New Hampshire GOP primary filed a lawsuit to keep Trump off the ballot, testing this theory; this particular lawsuit is unlikely to succeed for technical reasons of procedure; Supreme Court must give a definite resolution of the issue; secretaries of state could bring a case themselves; it's already under discussion in some states, like Arizona and Michigan, swing states; even if Trump were convicted in criminal cases, they would not disqualify him from running as a candidate; only mechanisms for disqualification are impeachment or this14th Amendment disqualification provision; 》
[19:08] LAURA BARRON-LOPEZ: It comes down to the 14th Amendment, a Civil War era clause in the Constitution that disqualifies candidates who have engaged in insurrection or rebellion or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. A belief that Trump violated that standard with his actions on and before January 6 is gaining traction among his opponents on the campaign trail and in Congress. [** 合衆国憲法修正第１４条のこの部分が、トランプには大統領選出馬資格がないとする根拠で、このニュースの核心部分。今後、この件は連邦最高裁で争われることが予想される。]
[19:41] JAMIE RASKIN (D-MD): I agree with the conservative Federalist Society law professors who are out there saying, as well as Mr. Hutchinson, that Donald Trump is disqualified, just as if he were running and not a born U.S. citizen or if he were running and he were 24 years old.
[** The Federalist Society for Law and Public Policy Studies (FedSoc) is an American conservative and libertarian legal organization that advocates for a textualist and originalist interpretation of the U.S. Constitution... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalist_Society ]
[25:28] U.S. Commerce Secretary discusses trip to China amid military and economic tensions
This week, Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo became the latest high-ranking U.S. official to visit China and engage with top Chinese leadership. She went during a time of security and trade tensions between the two global giants and China's ongoing economic slowdown. Raimondo joined Nick Schifrin to discuss the visit.
《Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo; Raimondo's trip is the fourth Cabinet member to visit China in four months, CIA Director Bill Burns in May, Secretary of State Antony Blinken in June, and Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen in July; 》
[30:23] When I was in Shanghai, I had the opportunity to visit the Disney park. And, frankly, there's benefit to Chinese kids being exposed to U.S. brands and U.S. culture and U.S. brand names. There's a certain soft power benefit of that, a certain exchange of culture and people-to-people exchange.
[** soft power = (politics) Political influence that is extended by means of diplomacy, media, international assistance, cultural exchanges, etc., rather than by such "hard" means as military intervention or punitive economic measures (wiktionary)]
[31:40] I think that, the more transparent we can be about our policy and our rules and regulations, first of all, we have more credibility. Nobody can say that it's done in secret or unfair or not clear, I think. So we want to lean into the transparency.
[** to lean into = to embrace ]
[33:56]★今日のおすすめ★ How the rise of anti-LGBTQ+ hate and violence is impacting the community
The murders of several LGBTQ+ people and allies in recent weeks are raising alarm across the U.S. O’Shae Sibley was stabbed to death in Brooklyn after police said he confronted a group who made homophobic slurs and Laura Ann Carleton was killed in California for apparently refusing to remove a Pride flag from her store. Geoff Bennett discussed more with GLAAD President and CEO Sarah Kate Ellis.
《violence against LGBTQ+ people; Sarah Kate Ellis, GLAAD President and CEO; Laura Ann Carleton (66), an ally of LGBTQ+, shot to death after an argument about a rainbow pride flag hanging outside her store; dancer O'Shea Sibley (28), who was gay, was fatally stabbed during a confrontation at a gas station in Brooklyn; more-than-300 percent increase in anti-LGBTQ incidents during this past Pride Month over last year; politicians are filling the airwaves with anti-LGBTQ rhetoric, and it's getting picked up on social media, it's turning from online to offline in real life into hate and violence; perpetrators with extremist ties; Republican Party villainizing LGBTQ+ people, lacking leadership ; over 600 anti-LGBTQ pieces of legislation proposed since January; 》
[34:16] And, last month, the murder of 28-year-old dancer O'Shea Sibley. Sibley, who was gay, was fatally stabbed during a confrontation at a gas station in Brooklyn, New York. Police say Sibley confronted a group of people who made homophobic slurs and racist remarks while he and his friends were dancing and voguing
[** = Vogue, or voguing, is a highly stylized, modern house dance originating in the late 1980s that evolved out of the Harlem ballroom scene of the 1960s. It gained mainstream exposure when it was featured in Madonna's song and video "Vogue" (1990)...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogue_(dance) ] .
[34:46] GEOFF BENNETT: We are living in a moment where accepting of LGBTQ people has never been greater. Looking at GLAAD's latest survey, nine out of 10 heterosexual Americans, 91 percent, think that LGBTQ people should live without facing discrimination; 84 percent support equal rights for the LGBTQ community. And yet GLAAD documented a more-than-300 percent increase in anti-LGBTQ incidents during this past Pride Month over last year.
[** Pride Month = 以前の番組に出てきました ]
[38:06] There's nine active now bills of don't say gay across America. It's not just Florida. And it's not just Texas.
[** "Don't Say Gay" law = Florida Parental Rights in Education Act = The Parental Rights in Education Act (HB 1557), commonly referred to as the "Don't Say Gay" law, is a Florida state law passed in 2022 that regulates public schools in Florida. The law is most notable for its controversial sections which prohibit public schools from having "classroom discussion" or giving "classroom instruction" about sexual orientation or gender identity from kindergarten through third grade ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Parental_Rights_in_Education_Act ]
[40:34]★今日のおすすめ★ Japan's problems developing stable energy sources 12 years after nuclear meltdown
While the world is focusing on the radioactive water released from the Fukushima nuclear plant in Japan, the country is grappling with other big questions about its use of nuclear energy. Japan dramatically changed its attitudes after Fukushima melted down in 2011. But since then, it's faced its share of problems with other energy sources and prices. Science correspondent Miles O'Brien reports.
《福島原発事故後の日本の原子力エネルギー使用; questions about Japan's use of nuclear energy after Fukushima disaster; nuclear question is tied up in a debate over energy and security; topsoil tainted with radioactive cesium, which will persist in the soil for 300 years; Fumiyo Asahi, producer; Katsuhiko Nakagawa, who lives nearby in Minamisoma; before the meltdowns, Japan generated about 30 percent of its electricity with 54 nuclear reactors; baseload power supply; Ken Koyama, chief economist and senior managing director at the institute of energy economics, Japan; Japan now generates 70 percent of its power from liquid natural gas and coal imported from Australia, Malaysia, and Russia; Shinobu Komatsuzaki, Vice President, Wind Power Energy; without a history of oil extraction, Japan had no lease laws governing structures in the ocean until 2019; Since Fukushima meltdowns, solar power capacity has increased 18-fold; Renewables now accounts for about 20 percent of energy production; polls now show a slim majority support restarting nuclear plants; Yasutoshi Nishimura, minister of economy, trade, and industry; Japan vowing to reach carbon neutrality by 2050; Japan is endowed with the third largest geothermal resource in the world; onsen resort town of Tsuchiyu; Emiko Kato, COO of Genki-up; 》
[43:17] MILES O'BRIEN: Before the meltdowns, Japan generated about 30 percent of its electricity with 54 nuclear reactors. The entire fleet was shut down in the immediate aftermath. KEN KOYAMA, The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan: We lost that very important contribution of a reliable so-called baseload power supply.
MILES O'BRIEN: Baseload, meaning energy that is online all the time.
[** Ken Koyamaは「電力供給網における一日の需要の最低水準」( https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ベースロード発電所 )の意味でbaseloadを使っていると思うので、Miles O'Brienの説明とは少し違うかもしれない。 ]
[48:30] U.S. health officials recommend moving marijuana to lower-risk drug classification
The Department of Health and Human Services is recommending a major change in the way the federal government treats marijuana, but stops short of saying it should be decriminalized under federal law. HHS says marijuana should no longer be classified as Schedule One, which the law defines as having no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse. John Yang discussed more with Natalie Fertig.
《Natalie Fertig, Politico; Department of Health and Human Services; HHS says marijuana should no longer be a Schedule 1 controlled substance, like heroin and LSD, which the law defines as having no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse; Instead, HHS says the Drug Enforcement Administration should classify marijuana as a Schedule 3 substance, defined as having a lower potential for abuse; DEA, which is part of the Justice Department, will have the final say; federal tax code prohibits cannabis business from writing off a lot of their business expenses, because they're selling a Schedule 1 drug; almost half of the country at this point has now legalized cannabis for recreational use, and more than half of the country for medical use; 》
[53:23] NATALIE FERTIG: Well, the industry [* = cannabis industry ] is very excited because of the tax code change that I mentioned earlier. Drug advocates have been less excited, because what this reschedule would not -- would not impact is the criminal code. It would not mean any major changes to federal criminality of cannabis. So they're saying, hey, Biden administration, during the 2020 election, you said no one should be in jail for cannabis. This would not make a major difference to that. The anti-drug groups then are also not stoked. They're saying, this is making people see cannabis as less harmful or as less potentially abusive, as they, the anti-drug groups, claim it to be.
[** stoked = very excited or enthusiastic ]
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