今日の英語ニュース☆2023.08.22☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Aug. 21, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[02:12] Southern California begins cleaning up after first tropical storm in 8 decades
Southern California has been battered by historic rainfall, floods and mudslides in the latest in a string of disasters wreaking havoc across the country. So far, there are no reports of major damage or injuries linked to Tropical Storm Hilary. As the system barrels north, some 17 million people are under flood and high-wind advisories, watches and warnings. Geoff Bennett reports.
《Tropical Storm Hilary; first tropical storm to make landfall in the southern part of California in more than 80 years; 》
[05:09] News Wrap
In our news wrap Monday, firefighters have had some success holding back a wildfire threatening Yellowknife, two people died in wildfires burning in Washington state, former President Trump agreed to a $200,000 bond in the Georgia election interference case and Human Rights Watch claims that Saudi Arabian border guards killed hundreds of Ethiopian migrants trying to enter their country from Yemen.
《Donald Trump agreed to a $200,000 bond in the Georgia election interference case; bond agreement also bans him from intimidating co-defendants and witnesses; Saudi Arabian border guards killed hundreds of Ethiopian migrants; 》
[06:10] JUSTIN TRUDEAU, Canadian Prime Minister: People are fleeing for their lives. They're worried about their communities, and Canadians from coast to coast to coast [** < When we, as Canadians, talk about our whole country, we say “from coast to coast to coast” ... https://world.expeditions.com/expedition-stories/stories/canada-from-coast-to-coast-to-coast/ ] are watching in horror the images of apocalyptic devastation and fires going on in communities that so many of us know and so many of us have friends in.
[08:48] Questions and anger emerge over Maui wildfire response and lack of communication
Local officials and residents are still assessing the scope of loss from the Maui wildfires. Troubling questions and anger have emerged as well about the role of Hawaii's biggest power utility, the response by local and state government and a lack of critical communication when residents most needed it. Geoff Bennett discussed that perspective with Marina Riker of Honolulu Civil Beat.
《Maui wildfires; ハワイ山火事、マウイ島山火事、Marina Riker of Honolulu Civil Beat; electric utility's role in causing the wildfires; 》
[10:29] I don't remember anything like this ever happening. So we were already on edge. We were preparing our go bag [** go bag = bug-out bag = A portable kit containing items needed for short-term survival. 非常持ち出し袋 ] .
[15:17] How an anti-corruption outsider triumphed in Guatemala's presidential election
This weekend the results of two Latin American elections seem to reflect a desire for democratic change. In Ecuador, a millennial entrepreneur will face the establishment leftist candidate in a runoff and Guatemalans elected an anti-corruption politician who overcame establishment assaults on democracy. Nick Schifrin discussed more with Will Freeman.
《elections in Ecuador and Guatemala; Bernardo Arevalo; Daniel Noboa; Will Freeman, a fellow for Latin American studies at the Council on Foreign Relations; Fernando Villavicencio; Ecuador run-off election on October 15; 》
[17:53] This is Guatemala's best shot at turning the corner from decades of corruption, of capture of the state by criminal organizations. [** < state capture = State capture is a type of systemic political corruption in which private interests significantly influence a state's decision-making processes to their own advantage...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_capture
関連表現：autocratic capture = 以前の番組に出てきました ]
[19:23] Now, I still think that most of the credit should go to Guatemalan civil society [** = Civil society can be understood as the "third sector" of society, distinct from government and business, and including the family and the private sphere. By other authors, civil society is used in the sense of 1) the aggregate of non-governmental organizations and institutions that advance the interests and will of citizens or 2) individuals and organizations in a society which are independent of the government... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_society ] , should go to the campaign of Arevalo, which really mustered the bottom of support you needed to make sure there was a free and fair process here.
[23:08]★今日のおすすめ★ Study shows costly weight loss drug may also cut risks of heart attacks
The nation’s obesity epidemic is growing. Nearly 42 percent of all American adults are considered obese. Now, new findings about the FDA-approved weight-loss drug Wegovy may lead to even more demand for a medication that can be both life-changing and expensive. William Brangham reports.
《肥満、nearly 42 percent of all American adults are considered obese; roughly 100 million Americans suffer from obesity; Wegovy, weight loss drug; Dr. Michael Blaha, director of clinical research at the Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease; Wegovy has been used for diabetes over a decade; use at higher doses for weight loss; the way these medications work is they slow the emptying of food from the stomach, signaling hormonal changes that put us in that fed state, feeling not hungry; also working directly on the brain to reduce hunger; side effects, full bloating feeling in the stomach after a big meal, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea; insurance and Medicare should cover the drug in this doctor's opinion; 》
[30:14]★今日のおすすめ★ States look to involuntarily hospitalize people to confront growing mental health crisis
Across the country, states are trying to tackle the growing mental health crisis. Some are enacting laws and policies that would make it easier to hospitalize or detain the severely mentally ill against their will or through voluntary court-ordered treatment. California is taking steps toward compelling more mentally ill patients into care. Stephanie Sy reports from San Diego.
《mental health crisis; laws and policies making it easier to hospitalize the severely mentally ill against their will; 強制入院; 措置入院; homeless; ホームレス問題; CARE Court; Senate Bill 43; 》
[31:18] STEPHANIE SY: Parramore has schizoaffective disorder. [** schizoaffective = showing symptoms of both schizophrenia and mood disorder // schizoaffective disorder = 分裂情動障害 ]
[31:47] JILLIAN PARRAMORE, Daughter of Jennifer Parramore: She ended up getting three strikes for petty theft, and ended up in the prison system. [** < three-strikes law = A criminal sentencing structure under which the third conviction results in a mandatory life sentence.
see also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-strikes_law ]
[32:39] JILLIAN PARRAMORE: Right before this interview, we had a whole meltdown [** = an emotional breakdown; a breakdown of self-control (as from fatigue or overstimulation) ] .
[32:56] STEPHANIE SY: The new law will make it easier to court-order behavioral treatment plans for individuals with severe mental illness through so-called CARE Court [** = このニュースで問題になっている、精神障害のある人に治療を受けさせるカリフォルニア州の方法で、裁判所を使うもの ] . Here's how it works. A family member, behavioral health provider, or member of law enforcement petitions a court on behalf of someone with untreated schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder. After that, a court can order a clinical evaluation, and then a care plan that may include treatment, medication, and housing. If the person fails to complete treatment, they could be considered for even longer-term state oversight. The approach is part of California's effort to address homelessness.
[35:40] STEPHANIE SY: Luke Bergmann, the head of behavioral health [** = Behavioral health generally refers to mental health and substance use disorders, life stressors and crises, and stress-related physical symptoms. Behavioral health care refers to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of those conditions... https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/what-behavioral-health ] for San Diego County, will be leading the efforts to implement the new system.
[36:01] STEPHANIE SY: He says the CARE Court stops short of involuntary treatment, but a new proposed law in California, currently expected to pass could radically expand who qualifies for coerced care. Senate Bill 43 [** = 可決が見込まれるカリフォルニア州の法案で、精神疾患のある人に強制的に治療を受けさせることを容易にするもの] would redefine who qualifies as gravely disabled, making it easier to detain individuals in psychological distress against their will. It would include people with severe substance use disorders, like Anita Fisher's son.
[39:00] She credits getting the right dose of lithium [** = Lithium carbonate or other preparations of lithium metal used as a mood stabiliser to treat manic depression and bipolar disorders ] with helping her get her symptoms under control.
[39:59]★今日のおすすめ★ Tamara Keith and Amy Walter on 1st GOP debate and Trump's plan to skip it
NPR’s Tamara Keith and Amy Walter of the Cook Political Report with Amy Walter join Amna Nawaz to discuss the latest political news, including the first Republican debate of the primary season and former President Donald Trump's decision to skip it as he leads in the polls and is set for processing in a Georgia jail.
《月曜恒例：２人の政治アナリストと今週の動きを占う、Tamara Keith; Amy Walter; Republican debate in Wisconsin, hosted by FOX; Trump not participating; 》
[41:34] Earlier this year, he [* = Ron DeSantis] could make the case credibly that it was basically a two-person race between he and Donald Trump. Now a lot of candidates are starting to be nipping at his heels [** to nip at someone's heels = to bite at someone's heels = to compete strongly with someone (in an attempt to replace them) ] as he has descended.
[43:22] So, he [* = Trump] is doing what he does best, which is get absolutely everybody to talk about him. There will be clips from the Tucker Carlson interview, whether they're played during the debate or after the debate. He's making it extremely awkward for FOX, which is, of course, a feature, not a bug. [** a feature not a bug = “A feature, not a bug” describes something that seems like a flaw, but is in fact intentional (plainenglish.com). // この部分は次のような意味：今回の大統領選挙共和党予備選の討論会はFox Newsの司会で行われるが、トランプは出席しないで、その代わりにTucker Carlsonのインタビューを受けることになっている。 Tucker Carlsonは、Fox Newsの超人気司会者だったが、今年４月突然解雇された。インタビューのタイミングやCarlsonを選んだのはたまたまではなく、意図的に仕組んだもの(だからa feature, not a bug)で、注目がすべてトランプのインタビューに集まることを見越したFox Newsへの当てつけ。// Tucker Carlson 解雇のニュースは以前の番組で取り上げています。 ] It's all part of what he does.
[43:58] The problem is that, for most of them, there is no applause line [** = A line spoken by a performer in front of an audience that is expected to get applause https://ja.hinative.com/questions/18722446 ] attacking Trump. There's no applause line at all attacking Trump, because most of the people who are watching that debate are locked in to vote for Trump already.
[48:30] Artist examines legacy of Vietnam War and its impact on his own life in new exhibition
An exhibit at The New Museum in New York explores the legacy of the Vietnam War through the films and sculptures of an artist whose own life has been defined by that very legacy. Jeffrey Brown takes a look for our arts and culture series, CANVAS.
《Tuan Andrew Nguyen, Vietnamese-born, American-raised artist, winner of Joan Miro international art prize; Radiant Remembrance at the New Museum in New York; Vietnam War; "The Unburied Sounds of a Troubled Horizon," the film directed by Nguyen is part of the exhibition; ベトナム戦争、アート展、》
■ おすすめの辞書（時事英語やニュース英語に強い辞書）
■ 英語のラジオを聞く（BGM代わりにCNNやBBC）
■ 英語のテレビを見る（NBC News ・ ABC News）
■ セサミストリートで英語を楽しむ
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