今日の英語ニュース☆2023.09.10☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
PBS News Weekend Sept. 9, 2023
週末版の字幕はいつも間違いや省略が非常に多いのですが、今日は、比較的少なかったので字幕ファイルを作りました(上のリンクの動画には字幕がついていませんが、各話題のところには字幕がついていました)。でも、5:45～12:50の銃による自殺についての部分は、字幕がなかったので省略しました。
動画サイトの週末版の字幕は、翌日以降に比較的正確なものがアップロードされるようです。
このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS News Weekend Sept. 9, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
[00:00] Introduction
[01:53] News Wrap
The strongest earthquake in Morocco in over 120 years caused widespread damage and killed more than 1,300 people, the G20 summit of the world’s top economies took place in India, and a federal appeals court ruled against the Biden administration in a lawsuit involving social media companies.
《Morocco earthquake; G20 summit in India; 》
[05:45] What can be done to prevent gun suicides as U.S. rate hits all-time high
Firearms are involved in more than half of suicides in the U.S. The gun suicide rate has reached an all-time high, and for the first time, the rate is higher among Black kids and teens than white ones, according to a recent analysis by Johns Hopkins University. William Brangham speaks with Dr. Emmy Betz, director of the Firearm Injury Prevention Initiative, to learn more.
《preventing gun suicides; Emmy Betz, emergency physician, director of the Firearm Injury Prevention Initiative》
[12:54]★今日のおすすめ★ What Africa’s climate summit means for investment in the continent’s future
Africa is the continent most vulnerable to climate change, despite being responsible for just 2 to 3 percent of global carbon emissions and receiving only 3 percent of funding committed to climate mitigation and adaptation. Caroline Kimeu, The Guardian’s East Africa global development correspondent, joins Ali Rogin to discuss Africa’s first climate summit held this week in Kenya and its outcomes.
《first Africa climate summit in Nairobi, Kenya; Ali Rogin;; Caroline Kimeu, East Africa development correspondent for The Guardian magazine 》
[16:40] From the leadership side, there's wide support for the scaling up of the carbon markets under the Africa Carbon Markets Initiative that was launched at COP 27 last year.
[** Africa Carbon Markets Initiative =
see: https://climatechampions.unfccc.int/africa-carbon-markets-initiative/ ]
[18:34]★今日のおすすめ★ New report sheds light on environmental, financial costs of invasive species
Invasive species harm ecosystems around the world and cost the global economy $423 billion a year, according to a new report backed by the UN. A number of researchers believe that estimate may be just the tip of the iceberg. William Brangham speaks with one of the study’s authors, Laura Meyerson of the University of Rhode Island, about the ways invasive species affect us.
《invasive species; 侵略的外来種; 侵入生物種; 侵入生物; 外来種; native species; 在来種; invasive species cost global economy $423 billion each year; Invasive Alien Species Report (= The Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) Assessment Report on Invasive Alien Species and their Control ); 》
[19:14] A lot of the costs associated with invasive alien species have to do with losses. So, for example, a species can come in and cause great damage to agriculture or forestry. And that is income forgone. Um, there are other damage that happened, for example, to infrastructure. There are many, many species, for example, the zebra mussel that do great damage to our infrastructure such as water intake pipes,
[** zebra mussel = カワホトトギスガイ (Dreissena polymorpha)。侵略的外来種の例 ]
[20:17] In the United States, we've had many species brought in, such as the invasive lionfish, and we know that that is causing real trouble in fisheries down in the Caribbean and around Florida. And it's also damaging our coral reefs. So, the lionfish predates or eats fish that graze on the algae that grow on coral reefs. And without those grazers, the out of the coral reefs become smothered in the algae, and they begin to decline and degrade.
[* lionfish = ミノカサゴ ]
[** to predate = to prey upon something // Back-formation from predation or predator (wiktionary) ]
[21:10] So, some species have been introduced because of their perceived benefits. Um, a good example in the southeast of the United States is the introduction of kudzu. And kudzu is known as the vine that ate the South and a lot of people that live down there surely know this species. Um, it was introduced for erosion control back in the 1930s by the Civilian Conservation Corps, and it does its job. But it also escaped and it now grows everywhere, grows on top of trees and will swallow even cars and houses.
[** kudzu = 葛(くず)。日本に普通に生えているツル植物。アメリカではinvasive species扱い ]
[21:44] Sometimes, you'll get an exotic pet and it will be carrying a pathogen, or beautiful plant that you bought at your local nursery and in the soil of that plant is some kind of worm or a nematode or perhaps even a fungus that will escape and cause harm.
[** nursery = a garden center ]
[22:31] Another really important aspect of this is to engage with the public. Citizen scientists have proved incredibly important in managing and preventing species invasions. So, people are out there all the time. They've got cell phones. They can use apps like, iNaturalist or LeapSnap to begin to identify those invasive species.
[** 動植物の名前を教えてくれるアプリ ]
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