今日の英語ニュース☆2023.11.15☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Nov. 14, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[02:40]★今日のおすすめ★ Civilians shoulder burden of war as fighting rages around Gaza hospitals
It's a race against time in northern Gaza as just one hospital remains operational. Vulnerable and critical patients are still under treatment at several hospitals that the U.S. says Hamas is using for military purposes. U.S. officials said civilians must be protected as intelligence shows Hamas is using the patients as human shields. Leila Molana-Allen reports.
《イスラエルとハマスの戦い３９日目; 機能している唯一の病院Al-Ahli Hospital; 》
[07:40] Israeli politicians and Knesset members Danny Danon and Ram Ben-Barak published an op-ed calling on other countries to take in Gazan refugees. Far-right Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich agreed and said the state of Israel could not accept an independent Gaza, inflaming Palestinian fears of another Nakba, or catastrophe.
[** Nakba = The Nakba was the violent displacement and dispossession of Palestinians, and the destruction of their society, culture, identity, political rights, and national aspirations. The term is used to describe both the events of 1948, as well as the ongoing occupation of the Palestinian territories (the West Bank and the Gaza Strip) and persecution and displacement of Palestinians throughout the region...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakba ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります ) ナクバ ]
[08:44]★今日のおすすめ★ Speaker Johnson faces first major challenge as government shutdown deadline looms
On Capitol Hill, tensions boiled over just days ahead of a potential government shutdown. But there is hope of avoiding that, as the House passed its budget bandaid to keep funding flowing a few more months. Congressional Correspondent Lisa Desjardins reports.
《ジョンソン下院議長、政府閉鎖を回避できるか; 下院がつなぎ予算案可決; ウクライナやイスラエルへの支援は含まれず; it passed overwhelmingly just in the past few minutes. It needed a two-thirds vote to pass because they had to suspend the rules to do it; つなぎ予算案(ジョンソン下院議長提案)とは; it seems like it's complex, but actually Speaker Johnson's plan is relatively simple. It's just novel. Here's what this proposal would do. It would effectively fund government in two parts. The noncontroversial, less controversial agencies would be funded through January 19, then others through February 2. Those agencies, think of things like dealing with immigration, the border, abortion, all of those things that might take a little bit longer. What is not in this plan, notably, is funding for Ukraine, funding for Israel; Just like former Speaker McCarthy, however, he (= Johnson) can be ousted. And some conservatives who did take out Speaker McCarthy for doing this exact same thing said they're not happy, but they're not yet quite going to move against Johnson; 上院も通過する公算大; 議員の暴力沙汰２件; former Speaker Kevin McCarthy v.s. Rep. Tim Burchett (R-TN); Sen. Markwayne Mullin (R-OK) v.s. Sean O'Brien, General Presidentof Teamsters; 》
[14:24] Burchett feels the other way. Burchett is concerned that McCarthy actually will primary him and that this could be a political problem for him as well.
[** to primary = to run against (an incumbent) in a primary election. この文脈では、Burchett下院議員の選挙区の共和党予備選で、McCarthy前議長が対立候補を支持して勝たせ、Burchett議員を本選挙に出られなくする ]
[15:04] SEN. MARKWAYNE MULLIN (R-OK): Sir, this is a time. This is a place, if you want to run your mouth, we can be two consenting adults. We can finish it here.
[** to run one's mouth = To talk profusely, especially in an insolent or antagonistic manner (thefreedictionary)]
[15:59] News Wrap
House Speaker Mike Johnson officially endorsed former President Trump in his 2024 White House bid, Trump will stay on Michigan's presidential primary ballot after a judge rejected arguments he is ineligible, inflation eased in a further sign that interest rate hikes are working and illegal border crossings from Mexico have fallen after three months of big increases.
《Hours earlier, The New York Times reported that in 2015 Johnson called Mr. Trump a hothead who lacked the character needed for the White House; The death of a leading LGBTQ figure in Mexico touched off large-scale protests overnight. Jesus Ociel Baena had been threatened after becoming that country's first openly nonbinary magistrate; There's word that a groundbreaking climate law in the European Union may be substantially watered down... the Associated Press reports a revised proposal exempts the entire financial sector; The Senate Rules Committee adopted a resolution today allowing confirmation of large groups of military promotions all at once. Alabama Republican Tommy Tuberville has blocked individual votes on hundreds of military promotions to protest a Pentagon abortion policy; 》
[16:43] The former president will stay on Michigan's presidential primary ballot. A state judge today rejected argument that Mr. Trump is ineligible under the U.S. Constitution because he engaged in insurrection. The Minnesota Supreme Court already issued a similar ruling. Cases are pending in at least two other states. [** 関連ニュース ]
[18:57] The Senate Rules Committee adopted a resolution today allowing confirmation of large groups of military promotions all at once. Alabama Republican Tommy Tuberville has blocked individual votes on hundreds of military promotions to protest a Pentagon abortion policy. The resolution now goes to the full Senate. [** 関連ニュース ]
[20:06]★今日のおすすめ★ Treasury Secretary Yellen on economic competition and cooperation between U.S. and China
This week is an important moment in the strained and often tense relationship between the U.S. and China. President Biden and Chinese President Xi Jinping will meet face to face in San Francisco on Wednesday as part of the Asia Pacific Economic Conference summit. Geoff Bennett discussed the economic competition and cooperation between the U.S. and China with Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen.
《ジャネット・イエレン財務長官へのインタビュー; 対中関係; ウクライナ戦争での中国企業のロシアへの軍装備品支援; インフレと高金利; APEC summit; President Biden has repeatedly framed his vision of the world as a struggle between autocracies and democracies; 》
[26:37] Jewish Americans share views on conflict as Israel-Hamas war continues
Tuesday in Washington, tens of thousands of people marched near the Capitol in support of Israel as its war with Hamas enters a second month. But some Jewish Americans are torn over how the Israeli government is conducting the war and the thousands of Palestinians killed in the last five weeks. William Brangham got a sampling of the different perspectives.
《イスラエル・ハマス戦争についてのユダヤ系アメリカ人の多様な考え方; 》
[35:41] Abbas Ibrahim discusses Israel-Hamas war and Hezbollah's looming threat
Much of the focus of this latest Israel-Hamas war is focused on Gaza and the brutal fighting there. But a larger, more threatening force in Hezbollah sits across Israel's northern border. Special correspondent Simona Foltyn recently sat down with a former top Lebanese intelligence official who knows the region well and is deeply involved in the negotiations over hostages taken by Hamas.
《レバノンの諜報機関の元トップでハマスとの人質交渉に深く関わっているAbbas Ibrahimへのインタビュー; We need to be balanced, or at least not to have a double standard dealing with issues; A double standard specifically when it comes to condemning the killings of civilians; You have a problem with the Palestinians. Go solve your problem with the people, not with their neighbors; 二重基準; ダブルスタンダード; 》
[37:36] SIMONA FOLTYN: Around 5,000 Palestinians are being held in Israeli jails, including 33 women and 170 minors, while more than 1,200 are placed under administrative detention.
[** Administrative detention is arrest and detention of individuals by the state without trial. A number of jurisdictions claim that it is done for security reasons. Many countries claim to use administrative detention as a means to combat terrorism or rebellion, to control illegal immigration, or to otherwise protect the ruling regime...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_detention ]
[43:11]★今日のおすすめ★ Latest climate assessment reveals how much climate change is costing Americans
The National Climate Assessment shows America is warming faster than the global average with climate change impacting nearly every facet of life. It found extreme weather events now cost the U.S. roughly $150 billion per year. Amna Nawaz discussed the report with Katharine Hayhoe, chief scientist of the Nature Conservancy and distinguished professor at Texas Tech University.
《第５次全米気候評価報告書発表; 5th National Climate Assessment (NCA5); extreme weather events now cost the U.S. roughly $150 billion per year; Katharine Hayhoe, chief scientist of The Nature Conservancy and distinguished professor at Texas Tech University; the U.S. is warming about 60 percent faster than the rest of the world as a whole; We have known that higher latitudes warm faster since the 1890s; In the 1980s, the U.S. was experiencing, on average, $1 billion weather and climate disaster every four months. The last 10 years, we have been experiencing one every three weeks or less; ３つの解決策; number one, we need to cut our heat-trapping gas emissions as much as possible as soon as possible through efficiency, clean energy, and some smart agriculture. Number two, we need to invest in nature to take some of that carbon out of the atmosphere, as well as cleaning up our air and our water and protecting us from flooding and heat. Number three, we need to prepare, adapt, build resilience to the changes that are already here today, because climate is changing faster than any time in human history; It is about saving us, us humans and many of the other living things that share this planet with us. We're the ones at risk; 》
[45:34] KATHARINE HAYHOE: Well, so often, we refer to climate change as global warming, which references the increase in the average temperature of the entire planet. But how we as individuals experience it is through what I call global weirding. In other words, wherever we live, our weather is getting weird.
[** global weirding = The belief that climate change causes or will cause various weather-related extremes, including both hot and cold weather, to become more intense. < A play on global warming, popularized by Thomas Friedman (wiktionary). ]
[46:15] Wherever we live, our lives are being touched by how climate change is loading the weather dice against us.
[** < to load the dice against someone = To rig something so that the outcome is predetermined to put someone at a disadvantage ]
[48:25] New museum honors untold stories of enslaved Africans through genealogy
Digging deeply into family lineage has taken off with visits to genealogy websites estimated at over 100 million a year. The newly-opened International African American Museum in Charleston, South Carolina, aims to honor untold stories at one of America’s most sacred sites. That effort involves excavating the past through genealogy. Geoff Bennett reports for our arts and culture series, CANVAS.
《家系図を通して奴隷にされたアフリカ系の人の話を伝える博物館; the Center for Family History at the International African American Museum in Charleston, South Carolina; IAAM; Help folks break down what we refer to in the genealogy world as that brick wall of 1870; in an antebellum period, the overwhelming majority of people of African descent here in the United States or what becomes the United States are not people. They're considered property; The museum is situated where Gadsden's Wharf once stood, the site where an estimated 40 percent of all American enslaved Africans arrived in the U.S. It's estimated that, between 1710 and 1808, upwards of 150,000 captive Africans landed at the many ports throughout the Charleston Harbor, including Gadsden's Wharf; 》
[48:25] GEOFF BENNETT: Digging deeply into family lineage has taken off in recent years, with some estimates putting the number of visits to genealogy Web sites at over 100 million a year.
[** to take off = to become popular ]
[49:15] GEOFF BENNETT: The same team also offers instruction about the ins and outs of accessing public records, all while inspiring visitors to glean new meaning from a distant past.
[** ins and outs = The details or fine points of something ]
[51:29] Carolina Gold showcases the impact of enslaved people on South Carolina plantations who helped build the lucrative rice industry, while the Gullah Geechee exhibit looks at contemporary issues facing these descendants of West and Central Africans, who predominantly live in the Lowcountry region of the U.S. and includes this replica of a praise house.
[* Lowcountry = A geographic and cultural region along the coast of South Carolina, including the Sea Islands, and including significant salt marshes and other coastal waterways ]
[** praise house = A praise house (also prayer house) was a type of vernacular religious architecture, typically built within the plantation complexes of the American South for the use of enslaved people who were legally bound to the property...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praise_house ]
[53:11] DARIUS BROWN: During the Port Royal Experiment, different abolitionists were coming down to Beaufort. They were teaching the people how to read and write for the first time. They were some of the first African Americans to earn wage labor. And so a lot of people -- photographers came down and they were taking pictures of the enslaved people.
[** The Port Royal Experiment was a program begun during the American Civil War in which former slaves successfully worked on the land abandoned by planters. In 1861 the Union captured the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina and their main harbor, Port Royal. The white residents fled, leaving behind 10,000 black slaves. Several private Northern charity organizations stepped in to help the former slaves become self-sufficient...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Royal_Experiment ]
[54:39] There's something pretty radical about living under conditions that really aren't built for you to survive, and to still choose to love.
[** radical = (slang) awesome, excellent , cool]
■ おすすめの辞書（時事英語やニュース英語に強い辞書）
■ 英語のラジオを聞く（BGM代わりにCNNやBBC）
■ 英語のテレビを見る（NBC News ・ ABC News）
■ セサミストリートで英語を楽しむ
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