今日の英語ニュース☆2023.10.17☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Oct. 16, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[02:40]★今日のおすすめ★ Humanitarian crisis in Gaza worsens ahead of anticipated Israeli invasion against Hamas
Another night of Israeli airstrikes in Gaza and Hamas rocket fire into Israel as its massive invasion force sits on the border, poised to strike. At the southern end of Gaza, the main border crossing with Egypt remains closed as aid waits to go in to help support Palestinians and to allow foreigners in Gaza to leave. Leila Molana-Allen reports.
《イスラエルとハマスの戦い１０日目; the combined death toll is now nearly 4,100, with almost 2,800 Palestinians killed and more than 1,400 Israelis killed, mostly in the October 7 Hamas terror; the Rafah Border Crossing with Egypt; officials hoped the crossing would open today for a few hours, but talks with Israel and Egypt to reopen it have so far failed; Many people are concerned that this is going to be a version of ethnic cleansing, that, if people leave Gaza, they will never be able to come back. They will lose their land forever; 》
[12:39] News Wrap
Brussels is under its highest level terror alert after two Swedes were killed in what Belgium's prime minister called attacks linked to terrorism, Poland's opposition parties appear to be on the verge of ousting the country's ruling conservatives and the Biden administration reached a settlement with migrant families separated at the border under President Trump.
《A 6-year-old Palestinian-American boy was laid to rest in Illinois after being fatally stabbed by his landlord. Police believe that the man targeted his tenants because of their Muslim faith, in the wake of the Israel-Hamas war; voters in Ecuador have chosen center-right candidate Daniel Noboa to be their next president; pharmacy giant Rite Aid has filed for bankruptcy... The chain is restructuring amid declining sales and more than 1,000 opioid-related lawsuits; Actress Suzanne Somers died Sunday at her home in California after a 23-year battle with breast cancer; 》
[16:33] House enters 3rd week without speaker as GOP infighting keeps Congress at standstill
The House of Representatives is entering a third week with no full-time speaker. The Republican majority is meeting Monday night and speaker nominee Rep. Jim Jordan of Ohio will look to sway dozens of colleagues who just voted against him last week. Congressional Correspondent Lisa Desjardins reports from the Capitol.
《下院議長選び、明日本会議採決; Jim Jordanは、まだ反対派共和党議員の説得を続けている状況; House Republicans are planning a floor vote tomorrow afternoon; 》
[17:59] That's plan A -- but, Plan B, this is how Mr. McCarthy became speaker -- was a lower number. In this case, he needs at least 213 votes, but with opponents voting present, not voting for someone else, but voting present.
[** to vote present = 以前の番組に出てきました ]
[19:35] What a partial gag order on Trump means for his election subversion case
A federal judge in Washington imposed a narrow gag order on former President Donald Trump in the election subversion case against him. It bars Trump from targeting Special Counsel Jack Smith, his team, court staff and potential witnesses. It does not prevent him from criticizing the Justice Department in general. Geoff Bennett discussed more with NPR Justice Correspondent Carrie Johnson.
《大統領選挙結果転覆に関する裁判で連邦裁判所判事がトランプに限定的かん口令; Carrie Johnson, NPR; Trump will be allowed to personally attack the judge in his case, Tanya Chutkan. And he's continued to do so this afternoon, even after the gag; the judge set out a pretty broad continuum of what might happen, from a stern warning or financial penalties to possible home detention or even incarceration before trial; 》
[21:48] And since that time, he's [* he = Donald Trump ] attacked the special counsel, Jack Smith, calling him deranged, calling his lawyers a bunch of thugs. He's called the judge a radical Obama hack.
[** hack = a person, esp. a professional, who surrenders individual independence, integrity, belief, etc., in return for money or other reward (thefreedictionarys) ]
[23:51]★今日のおすすめ★ Murder of Palestinian American boy in Illinois shakes Arab and Muslim communities
The brutal murder of six-year-old Wadea Al-Fayoume, a Palestinian American boy in Illinois, has left a community grieving and fearful about growing anti-Islamic sentiment during the Israel-Hamas war. Amna Nawaz discussed more with Edward Ahmed Mitchell, a civil rights attorney and national deputy executive director of the Council on American-Islamic Relations.
《イリノイ州在住の６歳のパレスチナ系アメリカ人少年殺害; ハマスのイスラエル攻撃で高まるアメリカ国内の反イスラム感情; Edward Ahmed Mitchell、公民権弁護士、アメリカ・イスラム関係評議会; this little boy was stabbed 26 times, his mother 12 times. She survived; the man charged was their landlord, a 71-year-old man named Joseph Czuba, and targeted them because they are Muslim; The Justice Department says it's now opening a federal hate crimes investigation; 》
[29:24] Diplomatic efforts intensify in Middle East as Israel-Hamas war threatens to expand
The Hamas terrorist attack on Israel shook the Middle East and threatens to expand far beyond Gaza. Secretary of State Blinken has visited seven countries across the region hoping to prevent the war from expanding, gain release for American hostages and coordinate humanitarian aid. Nick Schifrin discussed the regional consequences with Francis Ricciardone and Hanin Ghaddar.
《イスラエルとハマスの戦い; 周辺国への戦争拡大防止と人質解放のための外交努力; Francis Ricciardone, career American diplomat with extensive experience in the Middle East and was U.S. ambassador to Egypt during the George W. Bush administration; Hanin Ghaddar, former journalist in Lebanon and has written extensively about Hezbollah. She's now a senior fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy; The Egyptians do not like Hamas. They see it as a wing of the Muslim Brotherhood and, therefore, a national security terrorist threat to them; the Egyptians do not want Egypt to be the solution to the lack of a Palestinian state for the Gazans. They do not want a transplantation of the population of Gaza to Egypt; The Egyptians are prepared to have some sort of very controlled, very carefully managed opening to let some people out; Hezbollah is still playing within the rules that were set after the 2006 July war with Israel. They don't want to risk losing all the benefits that they have reaped from the war; Hassan Nasrallah, Hezbollah's leader, hasn't said a word yet. This is very telling; they are still watching, observing, deliberating the next steps, but they haven't made a decision to go full-scale war; 今回のことでイスラエルとサウジの関係正常化への動きが凍結することはイランにとってプラス; 正常化すれば中東でのイランの経済的孤立が深まる; 》
[38:07]★今日のおすすめ★ Tamara Keith and Amy Walter on Jim Jordan's chances of becoming House speaker
NPR’s Tamara Keith and Amy Walter of the Cook Political Report with Amy Walter join Geoff Bennett to discuss the latest political news, including the possibility of a Jim Jordan speakership and new fundraising hauls in the 2024 campaign for the White House.
《月曜恒例：２人の政治アナリストと今週の動きを占う; 》
[38:05] GEOFF BENNETT: From the House speaker race, to new fund-raising hauls in the 2024 campaign for the White House, there's some big election news to break down with our Politics Monday team.
[** fund-raising hauls = 政治資金集めで集まった額 ]
[43:44] But in terms of being able to get those institutional donors -- and those institutional donors are also the same people who right now are trying to organize around an alternative to Donald Trump, who are funding the super PACs that are keeping folks like Tim Scott and some of these -- Ron DeSantis -- in the game right now.
[** super PAC = 以前の番組に出てきました ]
[44:15] It's going to get -- be hard for them to write checks to Jordan, especially if they think, well, the House is going to flip anyway. There's only a five-seat majority that Republicans have.
[** to flip = ひっくり返る。(この文脈では)下院の多数党が共和党から民主党になること ]
[45:20] And someone like Mike Pence has struggled to gain traction in the primary, has struggled to gain traction with voters, because anti-Trump Republicans see him still as the loyal lieutenant who talked about the broad shoulders and look dewy-eyed at Donald Trump for four years, until one day, when he crossed him, and he refused -- when -- as Pence would say, he stood up for the Constitution, instead of for Donald Trump.
[** broad shoulders = If someone has broad shoulders, they are able to take a lot of responsibility and they are not easily upset by criticism // to have broad shoulders = 頼りになる ]
[** dewy-eyed = naive, innocent, or trusting ]
[47:14] How a translation of 'The Iliad' into modern language reinforces its relevance
"The Iliad" is one of the foundational works of Western literature and thought. It’s an old story that continues to resonate in our time and has been given new life in a translation by distinguished classical scholar Emily Wilson. She spoke with Jeffrey Brown in Philadelphia for our arts and culture series, CANVAS.
《Emily Wilsonによる新訳『イーリアス』; The Iliad; Homer; ホメロス; I was talking before about the intensity of the emotions. If the reader doesn't both feel the rhythm and feel those feelings, then the poem isn't working the way the Greek poem does; Things are different and things are the same; antiquity shows us something about how many worlds there are, how many different ways a human being can be. And then, at the same time, there are these enormous resonances between "The Iliad" and our own time; I think history is all about debate, and literature is all about debate; I want the reader to be both swept up in the story and also want to talk about it and feel there might be some questions, and that we're allowed to argue with each other, ideally not -- not like Achilles and Agamemnon slaughtering each other, but argue with each other in productive ways.》
[49:54] JEFFREY BROWN: "The Iliad," perhaps composed in the seven century B.C., was attributed in antiquity to the blind poet Homer. It stems from an oral tradition in which bards performed their work, often playing a musical instrument. It uses a regular pattern of sound, or meter, called dactylic hexameter.
[** see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dactylic_hexameter
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ヘクサメトロス ]
[50:44] JEFFREY BROWN: Wilson wanted the music of Homer, but in a traditional English form and, think Shakespeare, she chose iambic pentameter.
[** see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iambic_pentameter
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/韻律_(韻文)#五歩格 ]
[52:43] JEFFREY BROWN: Is there still a place for Homer and the classics amid today's culture wars? Wilson thinks they're needed as much as ever.
[** culture war = 以前の番組に出てきました ]
■ おすすめの辞書（時事英語やニュース英語に強い辞書）
■ 英語のラジオを聞く（BGM代わりにCNNやBBC）
■ 英語のテレビを見る（NBC News ・ ABC News）
■ セサミストリートで英語を楽しむ
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