今日の英語ニュース☆2023.09.20☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Sept. 19, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[02:22] Biden calls on world leaders to promote peace and stand with Ukraine against Russia
The annual United Nations General Assembly met Tuesday as the world and many nations are facing myriad issues. During a speech Tuesday morning, President Biden sought to reassure underdeveloped countries that the U.S. will help them through these tough times. But his most forceful words were reserved for Russia, and its war against Ukraine. White House Correspondent Laura Barron-Lopez reports.
《United Nations General Assembly; 》
[06:16] Zelenskyy addresses UN in push to expand support for Ukraine
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy on Tuesday addressed the United Nations General Assembly over the Russian invasion of his country and the ongoing war. Nick Schifrin, who is in Ukraine on assignment and has spent much of the last week with Ukrainian forces, joins Geoff Bennett from the city of Dnipro to discuss the speech and what he's learning on the ground.
《Volodymyr Zelenskyy addressed the United Nations General Assembly; ゼレンスキー大統領国連総会演説; seeking support of Global South; Nick Schifrin reporting from Dnipro, southern Ukraine; Ukraine only has about four to six weeks left of decent weather before it gets bogged down in the mud; 》
[06:32] NICK SCHIFRIN: Geoff, he tried to paint the war in global terms. He warned that any kind of Russian victory could lead to even nuclear war, and many countries -- quote -- "having empty chairs at the U.N." Once again, he called Russia a terrorist state, accused it of genocide, and specifically warned not to negotiate with Russian President Vladimir Putin, using this zinger, a reference to former Wagner paramilitary group head Yevgeny Prigozhin, who died in a fiery plane crash in Moscow.
[** = a pointed witty remark or retort ]
[08:40] And they describe incredibly, incredibly challenging circumstances, especially what are the largest minefields in the world, hundreds of miles of mines that Ukrainians are having to basically hand by hand try and explode, and that they tell us Russia is then remining after they have demined it from the air with small butterfly mines.
[** butterfly mine = PFM-1 ... is a scatterable high explosive anti-personnel land mine of Soviet and Russian production. It is also known as a Green Parrot or Butterfly Mine. The mines can be deployed from mortars, helicopters and aeroplanes in large numbers; they glide to the ground without exploding and will explode later upon contact…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PFM-1_mine ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります ) ]
[10:09] News Wrap
The five Americans freed in a prisoner swap with Iran are back on U.S. soil, forces in Azerbaijan fired on Armenian military positions killing at least five, India expelled a senior Canadian diplomat hours after Canada did the same to an Indian diplomat, and a Moscow court refused to consider an appeal by Wall Street Journal reporter Evan Gershkovich on espionage charges.
《イランから解放された５人の人質帰国; Moscow court has refused to consider the latest appeal by Evan Gershkovich, The Wall Street Journal reporter; Paul Whelan; Forces in Azerbaijan fired on Armenian military positions today, killing at least five civilians; Nagorno-Karabakh region; India expelled a senior Canadian diplomat hours after Canada did the same to an Indian diplomat; allegations that Indian agents murdered Hardeep Singh Nijjar, Canadian citizen and leading advocate for Sikh independence, in Vancouver back in June; Canada has the highest population of Sikhs outside of their home state of Punjab in India; In Libya, authorities have divided the flood-ravaged city of Derna into four sections to create buffer zones to prevent the spread of disease; Libya flooding; 》
[14:09] and the first woman to lead Texas' oldest HBCU recounts her remarkable life in a new memoir.
[** = historically black college or university ]
[14:32]★今日のおすすめ★ UAW strike stretches on amid warnings of more factory shutdowns
The United Auto Workers strike is now in its fifth day, with the battle centering on disputes over wages, job protections and benefits. But it also involves the larger shift toward electric vehicles, which auto workers fear will render some jobs obsolete. David Ferris, who covers these issues for POLITICO and E&E News, joins William Brangham to discuss.
《UAWストライキ５日目、electric vehicles require fewer parts and less servicing than gas-powered ones, rendering some jobs obsolete; David Ferris, POLITICO and E&E News; you need less hands to build EVs, weakening bargaining position of UAW in the future; 電気自動車》
[18:26] WILLIAM BRANGHAM: I mean, the Big Three argue that a lot of other electric car manufacturers operate in non-union plants or right-to-work states, and that that creates an unfair cost advantage for those other manufacturers.
[** right to work = the prohibition of union security agreements or closed shops; the prohibition of the requirement that those who take on work in a unionised shop join the union or pay it for representing them (wiktionary) //
union security agreement = A union security agreement is a contractual agreement, usually part of a union collective bargaining agreement, in which an employer and a trade or labor union agree on the extent to which the union may compel employees to join the union, and/or whether the employer will collect dues, fees, and assessments on behalf of the union... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_security_agreement //
closed shop = A business or industrial establishment whose employees are required to be labor union members as a precondition to employment ]
[20:41] Republican Rep. Ralph Norman discusses negotiations to avoid a government shutdown
Only eleven days remain before the U.S. government shuts down, and proposed budget deals are stuck in partisan gridlock on Capitol Hill, including a small group of House Republicans who say they will not support the current deal to fund the government. Among that group is South Carolina Rep. Ralph Norman, a member of the House Freedom Caucus. He joins Amna Nawaz to discuss his stance.
《11 days remain before the U.S. government shuts down; Rep. Mike Lawler (R-NY); Democrats are very unhappy with Republicans over the impeachment inquiry, making it difficult to reach an agreement; // Ralph Norman(R-SC); South Carolina; House Freedom Caucus; 》
[24:16] Joining me from the Capitol is South Carolina Congressman Ralph Norman, a member of the House Freedom Caucus.
[** The Freedom Caucus, also known as the House Freedom Caucus, is a congressional caucus consisting of Republican members of the United States House of Representatives. It is generally considered to be the most conservative and farthest-right bloc within the House Republican Conference... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_Caucus ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります ) ]
[25:53] RALPH NORMAN: What I would support would be leadership agreeing to a top-line number. We had put on paper in July 10 a 1.471 [* = $1.471 trillion] .
[** top-line number = (この文脈では、具体的にはおそらく) 防衛費以外の裁量支出の上限]
[27:01] So that's why we need the safeguards of a number that he's going to go to work and get, as he did with the speaker vote. He didn't have 218.
[** 下院の議席数は435。その過半数の218が、議長に選出されるのに必要。 ]
[29:53] RALPH NORMAN: What I worry about is this president not having any offsets. If he were sincerely legitimate in saying he wanted to fund Ukraine, cut something on some of these programs that the -- the Green New Deal, as an example, the funding for borders in foreign countries, the $6 trillion (sic) [** (sic)は「原文ママ」 // trillionではなくbillionが正しい ] that he gave Iran.
[** Green New Deal (GND) proposals call for public policy to address climate change along with achieving other social aims like job creation, economic growth and reducing economic inequality... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_New_Deal]
[32:20]★今日のおすすめ★ 'Ghost gear' piles up in the Gulf of Maine amid plastic onslaught on oceans
Abandoned fishing gear, often called "ghost gear," is breaking down in our oceans and adding to the problems brought by plastics and microplastics. But there was a recent effort to get the United Nations to enforce tougher regulations, and a coalition announced new funding to remove some debris in the Gulf of Maine. Science correspondent Miles O'Brien reports.
《ghost gear; Gulf of Maine; Miles O'Brien; Hart Island; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Maine Coastal Islands National Wildlife Refuge; marine debris; Center for Coastal Studies; OceansWide; Ocean Conservancy; Global Ghost Gear Initiative; Net Your Problem; 》
[33:59] LINDA WELCH: It looks like it has a piece of the rope line in the trap wrapped around its foot, and it died because it wasn't able to get free from that marine debris.
[** = Marine debris, also known as marine litter, is human-created waste that has deliberately or accidentally been released in a sea or ocean... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_debris ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります ) 海洋ごみ、漂着ごみ]
[34:58] MILES O'BRIEN: After a long week of beachcombing by an army of volunteers, the heavy equipment and the barge had arrived to finish the job.
[** to beachcomb = to search for and collect objects along the seashore ]
[36:23] MILES O'BRIEN: Traps that pile up on the seafloor, so-called ghost gear.
[** = Ghost nets are fishing nets that have been abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded in the ocean, lakes and rivers. These nets, often nearly invisible in the dim light, can be left tangled on a rocky reef or drifting in the open sea. They can entangle fish, dolphins, sea turtles... The problem is not just nets but ghost gear in general; old-fashioned crab traps, without the required "rot-out panel", also sit on the bottom, where they become self-baiting traps that can continue to trap marine life for years... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost_net ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります ) ]
[37:46] MILES O'BRIEN: Ingrid Giskes is with the Ocean Conservancy. It is seeking solutions to this burgeoning problem, part of the plastic onslaught on the oceans. So, pound for pound, is this more lethal for marine life?
[** = considering the amount of weight involved. 同じ重量で比較すると ]
[40:33] How new state and local efforts are trying to register more people to vote
Organizers on Tuesday took part in National Voter Registration Day, a civic holiday to encourage and register Americans to participate in elections up and down the ballot. The League of Women Voters is one of the largest on-the-ground organizations signing people up. Their president, Deborah Turner, joins Geoff Bennett to discuss the effort amid the 2024 presidential race ahead of key elections.
《National Voter Registration Day; civic holiday; Deborah Turner, president, League of Women Voters; Claudia Yoli Ferla, Move Texas; Nora Vinas, Engage Miami; 》
[40:33] GEOFF BENNETT: Today is National Voter Registration Day. That's a civic holiday for organizers to encourage and register Americans to participate in elections up and down the ballot.
[** = A civic holiday, also known as a civil or work holiday, is a day that is legally recognized and celebrated as a holiday in a particular sovereign state or jurisdictional subdivision of such, e.g., a state or a province. It is usually a day that the legislature, parliament, congress or sovereign has declared by statute, edict or decree as a non-working day when the official arms of government such as the court system are closed... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holiday#Civic_holiday ]
[43:43] So I think, unfortunately, we have culture wars and these assault on books. And I also think it's a big motivator for young people to pay attention and to care.
[** culture war = Conflict between different ideological groups, especially political conflict for cultural dominance between liberals and conservatives in the United States (wiktionary).「 文化戦争」。see also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_war#2012–present:_Broadening_of_the_culture_war ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります )]
[** assault on books < book ban = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021–2023_book_banning_in_the_United_States ]
[44:10] They are concerned about education. They are concerned about health care. They're obviously concerned about bodily autonomy.
[** bodily autonomy = abortion rights ]
[45:05] And so if you go to an agency where you're -- even if you're getting your driver's license, for example, and somebody says, "Have you registered to vote?" it triggers you to say, oh, maybe I haven't, and I can vote. And so it gives them the opportunity to do it without pain and suffering. And, at the time, they're doing something else, and it becomes a natural activity.
[** without pain and suffering = この文脈では、面倒な手間なしに ]
[45:32] GEOFF BENNETT: As we mentioned, this is an off-year election year, but there are six states holding elections for governor, state legislature, and for the Supreme Court.
[** 州最高裁判事の選挙のこと。日本で裁判官を選挙で選ぶことは考えられないが、アメリカの州の中には選挙で選ぶところがある(知事が任命する州もある)。関連ニュース ]
[46:53]★今日のおすすめ★ Groundbreaking educator recounts remarkable life in a new memoir
Ruth Simmons grew up in a deeply segregated part of Texas to become one of the country’s most distinguished educators, as president of three colleges and the first African American women to head an Ivy League university. But her new memoir takes us to the time before her rise. Jeffrey Brown traveled to Houston to speak with Simmons for our arts and culture series, "CANVAS."
《Ruth Simmons; first African American to head an Ivy League university; new memoir, "Up Home: One Girl's Journey"; 新刊本、回顧録; Hester House 》
[49:17] In the book, I describe my father and what this world did to him, and the prototypical shuffling and obsequiousness that are associated with the worst of that period.
[** to shuffle = to behave in a obsequious, subservient or slave-like manner ]