今日の英語ニュース☆2023.09.24☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
PBS News Weekend Sept. 23, 2023
日本時間２４日午後６時現在、上のリンクの動画には字幕がついていません。でも、話題ごとに独立した動画には比較的正確な字幕がついていたので、それを使って全体の字幕を作りました。
オリジナルの字幕は大文字表記のものを使いましたが、一度すべて小文字に変換してから使いましたので、今日の字幕ファイルは小文字表記になっています (書き加えた部分などは一部大文字) 。
動画サイトの週末版の字幕は、翌日以降に比較的正確なものに差し替えられるようです。
このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS News Weekend Sept. 23, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
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[00:00] Introduction
[02:02] News Wrap
Tropical Storm Ophelia made landfall in North Carolina, the family of a Black high school student suspended for his hairstyle is suing Texas Gov. Abbott and Attorney General Paxton, car dealers may soon feel ripple effects of the auto workers strike, and Secretary of Homeland Security Mayorkas met with the president of Honduras in Texas to discuss migration.
《Tropical Storm Ophelia; the family of a Black high school student Darryl George suspended for his hairstyle is suing Texas Gov. Abbott and Attorney General Paxton; dreadlocks; dress code; UAW strike; the work stoppage expanding to dozens of GM and Stellantis distribution hubs; Secretary of Homeland Security Mayorkas met with Honduran President Xiomara Castro to discuss migration; 》
[03:34] The head of the National Association of Auto Dealers said parts shortages would soon put a crimp in dealers' highly profitable repair business.
[** to put a crimp in = to prevent (something) from happening or proceeding in the usual or desired way : to affect (something) badly (Merriam-Webster) ]
[04:58]★今日のおすすめ★ College hopefuls face changing admissions landscape after Supreme Court ruling
This fall is the first college application season in which schools are prohibited from considering race and ethnicity when making admissions decisions, after June's landmark Supreme Court ruling. Sandy Baum, a senior fellow at the Urban Institute's Center on Education Data and Policy, joins John Yang to discuss how this affects college-bound students and their families.
《大学入学者選考で人種考慮禁止、大学入学者選考で積極的差別是正措置禁止、college application; June's landmark Supreme Court ruling, banning affirmative action; Sandy Baum, Urban Institute's Center on Education Data and Policy; 》
[04:58] Colleges and college-bound high school seniors are entering uncharted territory this fall, the first college application season in which schools are prohibited from considering race and ethnicity in making admissions decisions. It's the result of June's landmark Supreme Court ruling that race-conscious admissions are unconstitutional.
[** ６月に放送された関連ニュース ]
[05:58] So, the biggest fear is that students will hesitate to apply if they think, oh, I'll never get in now that there is no affirmative action.
[** affirmative action = 積極的差別是正措置。アファーマティブ・アクション。人種的少数派に対する過去の差別を反省し、差別是正のために、少数派を優遇すること。
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States ]
[09:35] While we're on the topic of financial aid, the average cost of attending a state school -- tuition, room, board, books, the whole, the whole schmear [** whole schmear = something in its entirety; everything ] -- is about $27,000 this year, and it's $55,000 at private schools.
[** board = 食事(代) ]
[10:37] Now, after this decision, the Supreme Court decision, there are other factors in admissions that are being examined, legacy admissions of sort of favoring the children of alumni. Now, they're also talking about early decisions. The critics say it favors wealthy and well-connected students.
[** legacy admissions = Legacy preference or legacy admission is a preference given by an institution or organization to certain applicants on the basis of their familial relationship to alumni of that institution... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy_preferences 大学卒業生の子息を優遇して入学させること ]
[** early decisions = Early decision is a binding admission plan. When you apply early decision, you sign a statement agreeing to enroll in that college if you're accepted. Because of this binding agreement to enroll, you can only apply to one school early decision. Applying this way is a great choice if you've done your research, weighed your options, and have zeroed in on your dream school. You should, however, make sure you can attend the school regardless of the financial aid package it offers you. Since early decision requires commitment, it might not be an option that's accessible to everyone...
https://blog.prepscholar.com/early-decision-schools-and-colleges-complete-list ]
[12:02]★今日のおすすめ★ Rollout of driverless cabs in select U.S. cities raises safety questions
If you call a taxi in some U.S. cities, the car that picks you up might not have a driver. Self-driving “robo-cabs” are generating a lot of interest and controversy, and major technical questions remain. Aarian Marshall, a staff writer for WIRED who covers transportation, joins Ali Rogin to discuss the state of autonomous vehicles on the road.
《自動運転タクシー; 無人タクシー; ロボタクシー; driverless cab; driverless taxi; robo-cab; robocab; robo-taxi; robotaxi; Aarian Marshall, WIRED; Waymo, Cruise, and Motional; autonomous car; 自動運転車; Waymo, which is a company that's associated with Google and Alphabet, launched self-driving taxi services in Phoenix, Arizona, a few years ago; Cruise, which is a General Motors subsidiary, has announced plans to come to 15 cities in ten states; 》
[12:18] With the cost of owning a car out of reach for many today, ridesharing gives commuters an alternative. In a handful of U.S. cties, self-driving taxis are getting the green light to pick up passengers.
[** ridesharing < A ridesharing company (also known as a transportation network company, ride-hailing service; the vehicles are called app-taxis or e-taxis) is a company that, via websites and mobile apps, matches passengers with drivers of vehicles for hire that, unlike taxicabs, cannot legally be hailed from the street...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridesharing_company // ridesharingとridehailingという言葉の使い分けについて
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridesharing_company#Terminology:_ridesharing_vs._ridehailing ]
[13:25] And how does a system like this work? We all know Uber. Does it work like Uber and what is the user experience like?
[** = Uber Technologies, Inc. (commonly referred to as Uber) provides ride-hailing services, ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uber // ride-hailing = ridesharing 上で説明しました ]
[14:24] Now, where are the price points right now for these rides in the cities that you can do this in? And, are they comparable to other ridesharing services that involve human beings?
[** = A price point (PP) is a selling price that a manufacturer or retailer recommends for its product or service to remain competitive in the market while also making a profit. Usually, it considers the demand and supply, the competition, and alternatives to a product or service... https://www.wallstreetmojo.com/price-point/ ]
[15:13] These robotaxis in California. In San Francisco, the fire department there has said they've had at least 55 negative run-ins with robotaxis since the beginning of this year. That's everything from them kind of freezing in the middle of the road and not allowing fire truck s to get by to them freezing in front of fire stations, so the fire trucks can't leave those fire stations as they're responding to emergencies.
[** run-in = An encounter; a scrape or brush, especially one involving trouble or difficulty (wiktionary) ]
[16:06] I have heard from people in San Francisco who say they're maybe a bit too cautious and they not only cause traffic jams, but one of the most frequent crashes that these things get into in San Francisco, and the other cities where they're testing right now, is they can get rear-ended by people, because they, for example, really do take full stops at stop signs. And they might sometimes stop short when they think they see something scary on the roads ahead of them.
[** to stop short = to come to a sudden and unexpected stop ]
[17:18] And lastly, Aarian, so many people, especially during the pandemic, turn to the gig economy to make ends meet. What is the future for the jobs that are associated with ride sharing cars operated by humans? Are these driverless taxis going to run people out of jobs?
[** = economic activity that involves the use of temporary or freelance workers to perform jobs typically in the service sector (Merriam-Webster) ]
[18:21] Why cricket is having a resurgence in popularity in America
Cricket was once one of the most popular sports in the United States, until baseball became entrenched as America’s game during the Civil War. Now, the sport that was first played in England is seeing a resurgence across the pond, thanks in part to thriving South Asian immigrant communities who revere the game. Amna Nawaz reports.
《cricket; クリケット人気復活;》
[23:34] The league, featuring six teams from across the country, was a passion project for Srinivasan. He founded a live-streaming cricket channel in the early 2000s, which showed him there was a viewer base in the U.S. hungry for elite competition.
[** passion project = a project that someone gets involved in because they love it or feel it is very good and important, not in order to make money ]
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