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今日の英語ニュース☆2023.07.05☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める

PBS NewsHour July 4, 2023

このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです(サンプルのスクリーンショット)

使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約2時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。

しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。

そこで、約1時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています(少し下にあります)。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください(上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます)。

また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています(辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください)。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています(書き加えた説明は[* ……] )。

それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう!

■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード 

  • [PBS NewsHour July 4, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
    (この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ(windowsの「メモ帳」など)で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト(無料)で使うことをおすすめしますこんな感じに表示されます。)


■ 動画サイトへのリンク

・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの2つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルに多くの語句の説明(今日は20件くらい)があります

[00:00] 今日の番組内容

[02:29] 独立記念日の銃乱射事件

[04:46] 今日のその他の主要ニュース

[09:23]★今日のおすすめ★ 極右団体の政治的、イデオロギー的道具に使われるアメリカ独立革命と建国の父/独立宣言の年「1776」が議会襲撃事件のスローガンに/2人の専門家(Middlebury InstituteのAmy CooterとAmerican Historical AssociationのJim Grossman)に聞く

[11:37] JIM GROSSMAN, Executive Director, American Historical Association: The problem here is an inclination among many people to see things as black and white, to see things as just, it's either this or it's that. And people talk about teaching the gory and the glory, for example, of American history. Senator Scott says they should be celebrated and not canceled. They should be understood. And that doesn't mean celebrated. It doesn't mean canceled. [**  建国の父が内包する矛盾を端的に述べた部分。独立宣言に自由を謳いながら、自ら奴隷(これ以上、自由から遠い存在はない)を所有するという矛盾 ] Their ideas were brilliant. There is no question that the founding documents were, in fact, revolutionary. They contained insights into liberty, into freedom. But these men also -- they were men. There weren't any women present. These men also were mostly men who owned, bought and sold other human beings. And they lived and had grown up in a world where it was OK to own, buy, and sell other human beings. And to understand what they wrote and to understand them, we have to understand that. This is not a theory. This is a fact.

[12:48] LISA DESJARDINS: [** 愛国主義とナショナリズムの違いを述べた部分] Amy, one thing we're talking about here is patriotism that could morph into nationalism. Can you talk about those two ideas and what happens there?
AMY COOTER: Right. So, social scientists distinguish between patriotism as being a love for one's country, versus nationalism, which basically is this negative comparison to everywhere else. It's not just, I love my country, but it's better than everywhere else. Everywhere else is bad, in a sense. And patriotism in the militia world and beyond kind of appeals to our founding and paints us as this proverbial city on a hill, without looking, as Jim said, at some of the negatives that go along with the positives.

[11:22] TIM SCOTT (R-SC), Presidential Candidate: Our founding fathers were geniuses who should be celebrated, not canceled [** to cancel = to publicly shame, reject, and cease to provide support to people, companies, stores, etc. that are deemed unacceptable, and call on others to boycott them. 関連表現: cancel culture ] .

[14:59] [**  なぜCritical Race Theoryやトランスジェンダーの権利に反対することが右派のスローガンになるかの理由 ]
AMY COOTER: With most militia groups I have studied, they are not overtly racist at the group level, in the sense of being white supremacists, being the same as neo-Nazis. That's just not what we see with this particular movement. But just like many other white Americans who aren't part of militias, they have received a partial view of history through their educational process. They have not learned about slavery. They have not learned about Native American genocide, and they have not learned why those things still impact people very differently today. And so when we have conversations about Critical Race Theory or about transgender rights, it's really easy for those things to become kind of buzzwords that are dismissed without much in-depth investigation into what they really mean and some of the concepts behind them. It's all too easy to use that as sort of an excuse to fight back against what they see as too rapid social progress, but package it in a way that at least comes across as appealing to a broader swathe of America.

[17:28] 反乱後のワグネル・グループ/Columbia UniversityのKimberly Martenに聞く/ワグネルのアフリカでの活動

[24:16] 多くの処方箋薬が不足/現状と背景を専門家(University of UtahのErin Fox)に聞く

[30:10]★今日のおすすめ★ ロイター通信の新プロジェクト/現在のアメリカでもっとも権力のある人の中に、奴隷所有者の直系子孫が多くいることが判明/プロジェクトに携わったTom Lasseterに聞く

[31:01] TOM LASSETER: Well, we moved to Washington shortly after the killing of George Floyd. And sitting there in a corporate apartment in D.C., watching the coverage of the protests which followed, watching also sort of the protest and debate about the removal of Confederate statues, Confederate monuments, as sort of an outsider to my own country sort of watching these things, it just -- it occurred to me America was having a moment of reckoning [** = 審判の時。報いを受ける時。過去を清算する時] , and that that part of that, at least, was the question of whether we have sort of fully explored the legacy of slavery in America.

[32:13] Those were the cases in which we could reach a high degree of confidence that the family tree that we built for that sort of American political notable was from the very first rung [** first rung = (この文脈では)家系図の一番下の段。家系図で先祖をたどっていく時の最初の段(現在生きている子孫) ] being the member of Congress or a member of Supreme Court goes back to the ancestor that we identified as having been an enslaver, and then that that ancestor had actually enslaved someone.

[33:29] TOM LASSETER: Well, I spoke with former Representative Brooks on the phone a couple times. And his response was sort of a -- I would say sort of a type of -- you -- certainly, some people responded that, of course, the institution of slavery is sort of a stain upon American history, it was -- it was morally wrong. Everyone agrees about that. But it does not have anything to do with the present day. It does not have anything to do with me, the person speaking [** meはTom Lasseterのことではなく、奴隷所有者の現在生きている子孫で、奴隷制度は過去のものであり、自分とは関係ないと言っている人のこと。] . And so why -- why look at it? Why? Why sort of ask these questions about it?

[35:58] And I had a packet of genealogical information tracing out her family tree, and then tracing out where her family tree intersected with my family. And it named two of those enslaved people. And I had been following those people forward [** forwardが時間軸のどちら向きなのか迷うが、時代を下る方向、過去から現在へ向かう方向(2人の奴隷から(forwardの向きに)たどって行ったら、その2人が、現在生きている黒人女性の先祖だと分かったと言っている)。forwardの別の表現として、The meeting has been brought forward by one dayと言うと、1日繰り上げる、早めるという意味で、時間軸上の向きが逆。] . And they were -- they were her ancestors.

[36:34] TOM LASSETER: Well, I think America right now, both in terms of legislation, debate, and just public sort of conversation, is grappling with a number of issues that in one way or the other touch on the legacy of slavery in America. I mean, most directly, there's reparations [** 奴隷制度の犠牲者やその子孫への賠償] . There's also, of course, a fair amount of debate about how this history should be taught.

[37:40] AMNA NAWAZ: It's a stunning piece of work. It's available to read online
[** https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/usa-slavery-lawmakers/
https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/usa-slavery-ancestry/] .

[38:01] 製糖業界の政治力と生産労働者や公衆衛生への影響/ポッドキャスト「Big Sugar」のCeleste Headleeに聞く

[44:04] 米露のスパイ戦争 新刊本『Spies: The Epic Intelligence War Between East and West』の著者Calder Waltonへのインタビュー

[51:15]★今日のおすすめ★ 公民(科目)の大切さ 投票の大切さ 自分達が持つ力を知ること/Ben Sheehan


■ おすすめの辞書(時事英語やニュース英語に強い辞書)

■ 英語のラジオを聞く(BGM代わりにCNNやBBC)

■ 英語のテレビを見る(NBC News ABC News

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