今日の英語ニュース☆2023.10.20☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Oct. 19, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[02:30]★今日のおすすめ★ Israel hammers Gaza with more airstrikes as forces prepare for ground invasion
The bombardment of Gaza continues as Israel's defense minister told his forces to prepare for a ground invasion of the region home to more than two million Palestinians. Since the October 7 Hamas terror attacks and the start of the Israeli response, more than 3,800 Palestinians and 1,400 Israelis have been killed. Leila Molana-Allen reports from Jerusalem.
《イスラエルとハマスの戦い１３日目; A U.S. intelligence assessment sent to Congress today said the loss of life in the explosion on Tuesday was on the "low end of 100 to 300 people," not the 500 initially claimed by the Gaza health Ministry; Aid trucks and volunteers are waiting at the Rafah Crossing after Israel and Egypt agreed yesterday to allow a limited humanitarian corridor into Gaza, expected to open in the coming days, all while a ground invasion of Gaza is imminent; Kibbutz residents have traditionally been left-leaning, hoping for peaceful coexistence; 予定されているバイデン大統領の演説について; addressing the American public very directly about why the U.S. is standing in lockstep, in unity with Israel and also why it's standing in unity with Ukraine; the president is trying to balance these two messages of full support for Israel, but also trying to minimize civilian casualties in Gaza and the West Bank, and making sure that this conflict doesn't expand beyond what it is right now; 周辺国へ拡大の兆し; Usually, Yemen Houthis fire into Saudi Arabia. You see that. But these were heading up the Red Sea... the most likely target was Israel; Shia militias attacking U.S. troops in Iraq; Iranian-backed groups, whether in Lebanon, whether in Yemen, whether in Iraq, whether Iran itself, taking advantage of this situation in Israel to try and open a second front; バイデン政権の1000億ドル規模の国家安全保障包括提案; an estimated $100 billion total national security package. And within that, that's going to include $60 billion to Ukraine, roughly $10 billion to $14 billion to Israel, roughly $10 billion to Taiwan, and another estimated $10 billion to U.S. border security. The remainder of this package is expected to go to humanitarian aid, including to Palestinians; 》
[16:56] And we bring you now some more sad news, just to update a story that Willem Marx reported last night. [** 関連ニュース ] Two of five family members taken hostage by Hamas have now been found dead. Israeli-American Carmela Dan and her 12-year-old granddaughter, Noya, were discovered by the Israel Defense Forces in Gaza in recent days. Noya's father, her older sister and her younger brother remain missing.
[17:35] News Wrap
The chair of the Federal Reserve said inflation is still too high and the economy may have to cool off to bring it down further, the European Union pressed Meta and TikTok to explain what they're doing to block disinformation about the Israel-Hamas war and the Pentagon says China is building its nuclear weapons arsenal faster than expected.
《Digital Services Act; Jerome Powell's remarks underscore warnings that the Fed may resume raising interest rates if growth does not slow; The telecom giant Nokia announced today it will slash up to 14,000 jobs worldwide. That's roughly 16 percent of the Finnish company's
work force; he U.S. Senate's newest member, California Democrat Laphonza Butler, has decided not to run for a full term next year. She was appointed 18 days ago to succeed the late Senator Dianne Feinstein; Federal regulators have approved a major natural gas pipeline expansion in the Pacific Northwest. A Canadian firm, TC Energy, says it's needed to meet consumer demand. Today's action by the federal Energy Regulatory Commission overrode objections from environmental groups and several states; the Las Vegas Aces are now the first back-to-back champions in the WNBA in 21 years. They rallied last night to beat the New York Liberty 70-69 for their second straight title; ジェローム・パウエル議長; ラフォンザ・バトラー; ノキア; 》
[17:35] GEOFF BENNETT: In the day's other headlines: The European Union pressed Meta and TikTok to explain what they're doing to block disinformation about the Israel-Hamas war. The tech giants were given one week to respond. They could face billions in fines if they don't comply with a new law aimed at protecting users from false claims and other harmful content.
[** = Digital Services Act のこと。以前の番組に説明があります。 ]
[18:46] The U.S. Senate's newest member, California Democrat Laphonza Butler, has decided not to run for a full term next year. She was appointed 18 days ago to succeed the late Senator Dianne Feinstein. Today, Butler told The New York Times that she realizes -- quote -- "This is not the greatest use of my voice." Several major candidates are already in the California Senate race.
[** 関連ニュース ]
[20:56]★今日のおすすめ★ GOP rejects empowering interim House speaker as Jordan says he's still running for the job
The leadership crisis in the House of Representatives became even more chaotic on Thursday. Republicans, unable to agree on a speaker, also rejected a plan to temporarily give the acting speaker more powers. Lisa Desjardins was outside the heated meeting and reports from Capitol Hill to try to explain this political mess.
《ますます混乱、下院議長選び; ジム・ジョーダンへの支持は増えないまま; マクヘンリー臨時議長への権限付与もまとまらず; Patrick McHenry; there's a real emotional contagion here, resentment between Republicans that is adding fuel to this fire; you have got some Republicans who voted against Jim Jordan who say they have been receiving threatening phone calls, in some cases death threats; 》
[23:17] GREG MURPHY (R-NC): I think we need a speaker. And I'm tired of putzing around with this.
[** to putz around = to engage in aimless recreation or frivolous time-wasting; to fool around (thefreedictionary)]
[23:37] And what they're doing right now is walking the Republicans off the plank. We don't deserve the majority if we go along with a plan to give the Democrats control over the House of Representatives. It's a giant betrayal to our Republican voters.
[** < to walk the plank = to be forced to resign; to suffer punishment at the hand of someone. (Fig. on the image of pirates making their blindfolded captives die by walking off the end of a plank jutting out over the open sea) ]
[26:24] What Sidney Powell's guilty plea means for Trump in his Georgia election subversion case
The wide-ranging racketeering case against former President Trump took a new turn in a Georgia courtroom as a second co-defendant pleaded guilty to charges in the alleged scheme to overturn the 2020 election. This time it was one of Trump's former attorneys, Sidney Powell. Amna Nawaz discussed the development with Stephen Fowler of Georgia Public Broadcasting.
《2020年大統領選の結果転覆に関するジョージア州の裁判で、被告人の一人シドニー・パウエルが有罪を認める; Stephen Fowler, Georgia Public Broadcasting; Powell is accused of orchestrating a plan that saw a forensic data firm travel down to a rural Georgia county, Coffee County, and copy sensitive election data, ballots, machines, everything like that, in efforts to find alleged fraud with the election... prosecutors say that she helped orchestrate this plan to steal election data from Georgia; 司法取引の内容; plea deal; she pled guilty to six years of probation, $6,000 fine. She has to pay additional restitution to the state to cover the cost of replacing election equipment, write a letter of apology, and agree to testify in future trials of other co-defendants, including former President Donald Trump; she also has to turn over documents; Sidney Powell was a key adviser to President Trump in those weeks in which he was working to overturn the 2020 election results; 》
[26:24] AMNA NAWAZ: The wide-ranging racketeering case against former President Donald Trump took a new turn in a Georgia courtroom today, as a second co-defendant pleaded guilty to charges in the alleged scheme to overturn the 2020 election.
[** racketeering < to racketeer = to carry out illegal business activities or criminal schemes; to commit crimes systematically as part of a criminal organization ]
[30:21]★今日のおすすめ★ Ex-State Department official explains why he resigned over U.S. response to Israel-Hamas war
The war between Israel and Hamas has caused an eruption of anger and grief in many corners of the world. It has also launched governments into action with the U.S. and the Biden White House among them. Josh Paul resigned from the State Department this week after disagreeing with the administration's approach. He joined Nick Schifrin to discuss his decision to step down.
《バイデン政権のイスラエルへの武器供与に反対して辞職した国務省の担当職員Josh Paulへのインタビュー; Political-Military Affairs Bureau; the Biden administration earlier this year issued a conventional arms transfer policy which raised the standard for the transfer of weapons to what they call a more likely than not. If it is more likely than not that weapons the U.S. provides to another country will be used for violations of human rights, they will not be transferred; What we have seen with Israel repeatedly in operations in Gaza in 2009, in 2014, in 2021 is massive civilian casualties, thousands of Palestinians killed through a relatively indiscriminate use of bombs to destroy buildings. And yet, in this context of this conflict today, where we have already seen, again, thousands of Palestinian casualties, there has been no policy debate. Indeed, there's been a rush to provide arms, where, normally, there is discussion, consideration and thought; NICK SCHIFRIN: Just to be clear, are you saying that there have been units inside Israel's Defense Force that the State Department has been concerned about their violations or their actions, you have brought that to senior officials and over the years consistently they have not acted on them? JOSH PAUL: That is correct; The problem is that the laws are intentionally vague in some cases. So for example, they require a determination that something has happened in terms of gross violation of human rights before sanctions, as they were, could be applied; 》
[33:41] NICK SCHIFRIN: During your time, though, the United States, for example -- I will name names -- provided arms to Egypt, widely criticized for its human rights abuses...
JOSH PAUL: Yes.
NICK SCHIFRIN: ... and to the Saudi coalition...
JOSH PAUL: Yes.
NICK SCHIFRIN: ... that has killed many, many civilians in Yemen and accused of violating the laws of war by Human Rights Watch.
[** Saudi coalition < On 26 March 2015, Saudi Arabia, leading a coalition of nine countries from West Asia and North Africa, launched an intervention in Yemen following a request from Yemeni president Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi for military support after his forces were ousted from Sanaʽa by Houthi insurgents during the Yemeni Civil War...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war ]
[34:19] And, in the case of Egypt, of course, we have Leahy vetting, where units that are identified to be involved in gross violation of human rights are not eligible to receive U.S. weapons. There is a Leahy vetting process for Israel. It has never found an Israeli unit to be guilty of a gross violation of human rights. It's a broken system.
[** Leahy vetting < Leahy Law = The Leahy Laws or Leahy amendments are U.S. human rights laws that prohibit the U.S. Department of State and Department of Defense from providing military assistance to foreign security force units that violate human rights with impunity. It is named after its principal sponsor, Senator Patrick Leahy ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leahy_Law ]
[36:17] How Biden's trip to Israel and U.S. response to war is resonating in Middle East
President Biden's trip to Israel was meant to reassure the Israeli government and people, but how is the visit being viewed in the region? Amna Nawaz got two views on Biden's trip with Marwan Muasher, a former Jordanian diplomat and politician, and David Makovsky, a senior advisor for Israeli-Palestinian negotiations during the Obama administration.
《バイデン大統領のイスラエル訪問が中東でどのように受け止められたか; Marwan Muasher, former deputy prime minister and foreign minister of Jordan, now vice president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; David Makovsky, distinguished fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, former journalist and was also a senior adviser for Israeli-Palestinian negotiations during the Obama administration; if we are to have a political process that deals with the root cause of the problem, which is the occupation, can the United States -- this is what the Arab world is asking -- can the United States be counted on as a broker?; the disinformation on social media is going to be a new factor here that can inflame attitudes throughout the region; 》
[37:05] He [* = President Biden] was -- because, having built the street cred of the empathy with a country at a time of severe trauma,
[** street cred = slang One's reputation, credibility, or authenticity in relation to the people and culture of an urban environment. "Cred" is short for "credibility" (thefreedictionary); (この文脈では)一般の人の評判、もっぱらの評判、くらいの意味 ]
[44:54] If there was no occupation, we would all live peacefully together. But Israel insists on keeping the land. It cannot have -- keep the cake and eat it.
[** < to have one's cake and eat it = To have or do two things that one desires that are normally contradictory or impossible to have or do simultaneously. ]
[45:53] Amid national push for police reform, Native people feel left out of conversation
Amid ongoing police reform efforts in the U.S., Native American activists say they've often been left out of the conversation. But more than three years after the police murder of George Floyd, there's a renewed push in places like Minneapolis for awareness and change around law enforcement interactions with Native communities. Special correspondent Fred de Sam Lazaro reports.
《警察改革で取り残される先住アメリカ人; The vast majority of Native Americans live away from the reservation or tribal communities in which they're officially enrolled; They live in cities like New York, Albuquerque, or Minneapolis, meaning that most of their law enforcement encounters happen with local police; Officers stop Native residents at almost eight times the rate they stop white people. During those stops, Native people are at least 20 percent more likely to face searches or use of force; Native American people make up less than 3 percent of the population in the U.S., but, between 2010 and 2020, they were killed in law enforcement encounters at a higher rate than any other racial group; 》
[49:25] FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Minneapolis was the birthplace of the American Indian Movement founded in 1968 to improve conditions for Natives living in urban areas. It grew into an international movement for treaty rights and the reclamation of tribal lands. It created the AIM Patrol, a citizen watch group whose goal was to help victims of police brutality.
[** = The American Indian Movement (AIM) is an American Indian grassroots movement which was founded in Minneapolis, Minnesota in July 1968, initially centered in urban areas in order to address systemic issues of poverty, discrimination, and police brutality against American Indians...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Indian_Movement ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります )
アメリカインディアン運動 ]
[** AIM Patrol とは何かを説明している部分。
see also: https://www.mnopedia.org/group/aim-patrol-minneapolis ]
■ おすすめの辞書（時事英語やニュース英語に強い辞書）
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