今日の英語ニュース☆2023.09.09☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Sept. 8, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[02:20]★今日のおすすめ★ Georgia grand jury recommended charges for 21 additional Trump allies in election case
A report reveals a special grand jury in Georgia recommended charges for twice as many people than the 19 ultimately indicted for efforts to overturn the 2020 election. Fulton County District Attorney Fani Willis has not brought charges against the 21 others named in the report, including three Senators and a former senior White House official. Amna Nawaz discussed more with Chris Timmons.
《special grand jury in Georgia; Fulton County district attorney has not brought charges against the 21 named in the special grand jury report; Chris Timmons, former county prosecutor in Georgia and law professor at Georgia State University; former White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows' request to move his case from Georgia to a federal court rejected by the judge; special grand jury = special purpose grand jury; RICO; 》
[03:02] Before we get into this special grand jury report, I want to ask you about some news we just received late this evening. A judge has ruled against the former White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows' request to move his case from Georgia to a federal court. Tell us your reaction to that. Is that what we expected?
CHRIS TIMMONS, Former Georgia Prosecutor: That's exactly what I expected, Amna. I think, when you look at the case as far as the removal issue, what's important there is whether Mr. Meadows was acting under color of his office. In other words, was Mark Meadows acting as the chief of staff to the president of the United States or was he acting as a part of the campaign? And what the judge found in that opinion was that Mr. Meadows was acting as a part of the campaign, not as the chief of staff to the president.
[** removal < to remove = to transfer (a legal proceeding) from one court to another; to change the location, position ]
[** color = an appearance of authority. このcolorは先日も出てきました ]
[04:08] So there are two types of grand juries in Georgia. One is called a special purpose grand jury [** special purpose grand jury とはどういうものか、このあと説明が続く ] , and the other one is the grand jury that we think of just a regular grand jury. A special purpose grand jury can be impaneled by the superior court judges of any county when they decide that there's an investigation that needs to happen that's going to last longer than the term of court. And, in Fulton County, that's more than two months. Here, knowing that there was going to be a wide-ranging investigation, massive in scope, they realized that the investigation wasn't going to be able to happen in the two months that's typically allotted to a grand jury. So they constituted a special purpose grand jury that operated for a year. And under that special purpose grand jury, they don't have the power to indict, like a regular grand jury does. They only have the power to issue a report.
[05:24] I think you're going to find that, with regard to some of the individuals listed in the special purpose grand jury's report, that they have cut deals with the state. In other words, they have flipped them. And as a part of being flipped, they were offered immunity.
[** to flip (someone) = to induce someone to turn state's evidence; to get someone to agree to testify against their co-conspirators in exchange for concessions (wiktionary) ]
[05:47] I did a cocaine RICO conspiracy here in Georgia. We started off with 45 defendants. We ultimately whittled it down to, coincidentally, 19 as well just to make it easier on us.
[** RICO = Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (Act). 以前の番組に説明があります ]
[07:31] News Wrap
The summer's latest heat wave spread its sweltering grip across New England where Boston declared a heat emergency and opened cooling centers, floodwaters began receding in parts of central Greece after three days of record downpours and Russian missiles rained down on multiple cities in Ukraine killing at least 4 civilians and injuring dozens.
《Luis Rubiales; Nancy Pelosi seeks reelection in 2024; Darien; 》
[12:09]★今日のおすすめ★ New York Mayor Eric Adams discusses migrant crisis he says will 'destroy' the city
The mayor of New York is warning that the city could be "destroyed" if it doesn't get more help to cope with an influx of migrants. City officials describe a humanitarian crisis that's straining resources, filling up shelters and putting pressure on New York City schools. Mayor Eric Adams joined Geoff Bennett to discuss his concerns.
《New York City Mayor Eric Adams; right to shelter mandate; decompression strategy; 》
[13:53] GEOFF BENNETT: The city has opened 206 emergency shelters in hotels, parks and buildings. But, still, migrants have lined the streets awaiting a bed, one the city government is required to provide to anyone in need, under the city's longstanding right to shelter mandate.
[** right to shelter < The right to housing (occasionally right to shelter) is the economic, social and cultural right to adequate housing and shelter... Most jurisdictions in the United States have no right to shelter. One exception is Massachusetts, where families (but not homeless individuals) do have the right to shelter... New York City also recognizes a right to emergency shelter... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_housing ]
[17:24] ERIC ADAMS: One thing we need to be extremely clear, this is unfair to migrants. It's unfair to New York City residents. It is unfair to this entire country, when you're looking at what's happening in big cities across America, Chicago just acknowledging they're moving their migrants out of police precincts and into tents, the same thing you're seeing in Los Angeles and other parts, El Paso, Brownsville.
[** police precinct = the police station of a precinct // precinct = a subdivision or district of a city or town under the jurisdiction of or patrolled by a specific unit of its police force ]
[17:50] And what we believe the federal government can do is just simply, one, have a real decompression strategy all over the entire country, so cities are not absorbing this issue.
[** decompression strategy < (New York City Mayor Eric) Adams defined “decompression” as a “strategy at the border that evaluates asylum claims, establishes a plan for each migrant’s arrival — before entry into the United States — and a system to fairly distribute newcomers regionally.” https://thehill.com/latino/4146176-new-york-mayor-eric-adams-pushes-biden-on-migrants-the-white-house-can-help-us-now/ ]
[18:19] And then we need to expedite this labor-intensive process of allowing people to have the right to work. And I believe we need to extend the TPS status to give them the right to work, so they can provide for their own care.
[** TPS = Temporary protected status.
see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporary_protected_status ]
[18:53] GEOFF BENNETT: You're facing some criticism for saying at that town hall this past week that the migrant crisis will -- quote -- "destroy New York City." There are Democrats who accuse you of sounding like a Republican.
[** この文脈では town hall = town hall meeting ]
[22:03] What Biden hopes to accomplish at G20 summit in India and visit to Vietnam
Facing abysmal poll numbers at home, President Biden set off for a two-day gathering of the G20 in India. The meeting between leaders of the world’s largest economies comes at a time of increasing geopolitical divisions. For Biden, the trip is meant to position the U.S. as a reliable partner to the Global South. Laura Barron-Lopez and Amna Nawaz discuss the significance of the president’s travels.
《G20 summit in India; abysmal poll numbers at home; 》
[26:29] Mexico becomes latest country in Latin America to loosen restrictions on abortion
In a sweeping decision this week, Mexico's Supreme Court broadened abortion rights in the country. Ali Rogin reports on the trend across Latin America and Geoff Bennett discusses the Mexico ruling with Maria Antonieta Alcalde of Ipas Latin America and the Caribbean.
《Mexico's Supreme Court this week struck down a federal law criminalizing abortion; In 2021, the Mexican Supreme Court ruled for the first time that punishing abortion was unconstitutional, but it only applied to the northern state of Coahuila. While 12 Mexican states out of 32 had already decriminalized abortion, the new decision applies nationwide; Green Wave, abortion rights movement across Latin America; Maria Antonieta Alcalde, director of Ipas Latin America and the Caribbean; 》
[30:30] But since SB8 in Texas and with the Dobbs decision of the Supreme Court, we are seeing more and more, like in really large number, American women coming to Mexico or seeking for help.
[** SB8 = The Texas Heartbeat Act, Senate Bill 8 (SB 8), is an act of the Texas Legislature that bans abortion after the detection of embryonic or fetal cardiac activity, which normally occurs after about six weeks of pregnancy... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Heartbeat_Act ]
[31:53] And I think that one of the lessons learned is the importance of a vibrant movement that is very organic.
[** organic = of or characterized by the coordination of integral parts; organized ]
[32:37] GEOFF BENNETT: So, when you refer to home management, you're referring to medication abortion.
MARIA ANTONIETA ALCALDE: Absolutely, medication -- like, I'm referring to medication abortion using two pills like -- well, two medications, mifepristone and misoprostol. And that's completely safe, according with the WHO guidelines.
[** = 外科的処置ではなく薬剤を使って行われる人工妊娠中絶。mifepristoneとmisoprostol、それぞれの作用は以前の番組に出てきました ]
[33:23] Why new federal staffing requirements for nursing homes could be difficult to meet
The Biden administration has proposed new staffing standards to improve care for the 1.3 million Americans living in nursing homes. And while it's the biggest change to regulations in three decades, many patient advocates say it still falls short of what's needed. Stephanie Sy discussed the plan with David Grabowski, a healthcare policy expert and professor at Harvard Medical School.
《new staffing standards for nursing homes; David Grabowski, health care policy expert and professor at Harvard Medical School; private equity firm; related party transaction; 老人ホーム》
[35:50] I think the administration built in a lot of measures within this policy to help out nursing homes that are suffering from staffing shortages in their local markets. So they have given any facility that can't find staff at the prevailing wages, and they meet a series of criteria, they have been given an exemption under this policy.
[** prevailing wage = A prevailing wage is the basic hourly rate of wages and benefits paid to a number of similarly employed workers in a given geography... https://www.americanprogress.org/article/prevailing-wages-frequently-asked-questions/ ]
[36:41] STEPHANIE SY: Part of the problem Biden administration officials have pointed to are private equity firms' buyouts of private nursing homes. They say that that's contributing to the staffing shortages, because they imply those firms put profit over patient care.
[** private equity firm = Firms that use their own capital or capital raised from investors to take companies private with the aim of running them better and later taking them public or selling them at a profit. (thefreedictionary)]
[37:15] They're often very complex corporations with many layers. And it's hard for policymakers to follow the dollars. And, so, many of those dollars don't end up in direct resident care. They don't end up in the pockets of staff. They unfortunately end up in other parts of the organizations through what are called related party transactions.
[** related party transaction = A transaction between two businesses that have a personal or other relationship. For example, a publicly-traded company may be inclined to hire a large, minority shareholder as a supplier. In small businesses, a company may hire the owner's brother-in-law to repair the driveway. Related-party transactions are legal, but create the potential for conflicts of interest. Thus, publicly-traded companies are required to report them (thefreedictionary) ]
[39:05]★今日のおすすめ★ Brooks and Capehart on the Hunter Biden investigation and migrant crisis in New York
New York Times columnist David Brooks and Washington Post associate editor Jonathan Capehart join Amna Nawaz to discuss the week in politics, including a Georgia grand jury recommending charges for 21 additional Trump allies in the election case, federal prosecutors seeking an indictment against Hunter Biden and the migrant crisis in New York City.
《金曜恒例：２人の政治アナリストと今週を振り返る; David Brooks and Jonathan Capehart; sanctuary city; 》
[39:55] But back many, many years ago, when Rudy Giuliani was still a semi-normal person, he was indicting people on Wall Street. And he used the RICO statute to roll up lots and lots of people.
[** to roll up = 追い詰める]
[42:18] We learned federal prosecutors will be moving ahead with an indictment against Hunter Biden, most likely related to gun charges, expected by the end of the month. David, as you well know, those questions around Hunter Biden continue to fuel Republicans' threats to impeach President Biden. Is this becoming a liability for the president?
DAVID BROOKS: Well, it's certainly a liability. It sort of feeds into the narrative that he's part of the Washington establishment, everybody's self-dealing.
[** to self-deal < self-dealing (noun) = a situation in which someone uses their position in an organization to gain a personal advantage ]
[44:51] AMNA NAWAZ: David, does this fuel that political whataboutism?
DAVID BROOKS: Yes. AMNA NAWAZ: Someone says, Trump's indicted and they say, well, what about Hunter Biden?
[** whataboutism = A propaganda technique where criticisms are deflected by raising corresponding criticisms of the opposite side. (wiktionary) ]
[48:05] And if you're going to have a sanctuary city or whatever you're going to do and say, welcome, people, come here, then, when the people are allowed to come in through our dysfunctional system, they're going to come to your city, it's going to cost you a lot of money.
[** sanctuary city = In the United States and Canada, a city that allows undocumented immigrants to live and work without being arrested and deported by local authorities.(wiktionary) ]
[49:22] Coco Gauff's journey to the U.S. Open finals and the new generation of tennis
The U.S. Open has been heating up with surprising upsets heading to the finals and soaring temperatures across the East Coast. While European players have dominated the top spots in years past, this year, it’s the Americans who’ve taken the courts by storm, specifically Black American players who are making history. Amna Nawaz discussed more with Ava Wallace of The Washington Post.
《Ava Wallace, The Washington Post; Coco Gauff; Frances Tiafoe; Madison Keys; Ben Shelton; 》
■ おすすめの辞書（時事英語やニュース英語に強い辞書）
■ 英語のラジオを聞く（BGM代わりにCNNやBBC）
■ 英語のテレビを見る（NBC News ・ ABC News）
■ セサミストリートで英語を楽しむ
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