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(1) 䜿圹åè©ã«ã€ããŠ
ãã䜿圹åè©ãã«ã€ããŠã¯ãéå»ã«äœåãæžããããšããããŸãã
ãéå»ã«æžããã䜿圹åè©ãã«é¢ããèšäºã¯ãã¡ã(â)ã«ãªããŸãã
*ãææãã¬ãžã³ãã«å«ããèšäºããããŸãããå
šæèªãããšãã§ããèšå®ã«ããŠãããŸããèå³ã®ããæ¹ã¯ã芧ãã ããã
ã䜿圹åè©ã«é¢ããŠã¯ãã ãããããã«æ²ããããšã§ååããªããšæã£ãŠããŸãããã¡ããããã£ãšçŽ°ããåæããããšæãã°åæã§ããŸããã倧çã®ç解ã¯ããã§è¯ãããšã
ã䜿圹åè©ããã¬ããšèšãåã«ãããããã®åèªã®ãã³ã¢ã®æå³ããææ¡ããŠããã°ããã®ããªããšæã£ãŠããŸãã
ãé«æ ¡çã®è±èªåèæžã«ã¯äœ¿åœ¹åè©ãšããŠã
have, make, let, getâŠto (do)ãæ²èŒãããŠããŸãã
ããhaveãã¯ãæã£ãŠãããããmakeãã¯ã(ã³ãã³ã)äœããããletãã¯ãïœã®ãŸãŸã«ããŠãããããgetãã¯ãïœã«ãªãããšããã®ããããããã®åèªã®ãã³ã¢ã®æå³ãã§ãã
ããããŠããgetããé€ããã䜿圹åè©+ç®çèª+åè©ã®å圢ããšãã圢ããšããŸãã
ãããšãã°ãç§ã¯åœŒå¥³ã«ç§ã®è»ãæŽãããããªãã(ææ³ã«ã®ã£ãšã£ãŠæžãã°)次ã®ããã«è¡šçŸã§ããã§ãããã
I had her wash my car.
ðãã¥ã¢ã³ã¹ð
ç§ã¯ã圌女ãç§ã®è»ãæŽãããšããç¶æ³ãæã£ãã
I made her wash my car.
ðãã¥ã¢ã³ã¹ð
ç§ã¯ã圌女ãç§ã®è»ãæŽãããšããç¶æ³ãã³ãã³ããšäœãåºããã
I let her wash my car.
ðãã¥ã¢ã³ã¹ð
ç§ã¯ã圌女ãç§ã®è»ãæŽãããšããç¶æ³ããã®ãŸãŸã«ããŠãããã
ãhaveããmakeããletãã®ãããã䜿ãã«ããŠãã圌女ãã«å¯ŸããŠãïœããïŒã(ïœããïŒ)ãšããæå³åãã垯ã³ãã®ã§ãã圌女ããããïŒãã¿ãããªæãã§ãããã
ãã ããããåœä»€æãçã«ãåè©ã®å圢ãã䜿çšããããšã奜ãŸããã®ã§ãããã
è£è« | ãåè©ã®å圢ãã«ã€ããŠ
ãåçªã§ãããããã§ãå°ããåœä»€æãã«ã€ããŠè§ŠããŠãããŸãã
ããåœä»€æãã¯ã誰ãç®ã®åã«ããçžæã«å¯ŸããŠçºããæãªã®ã§ãäžè¬çã«ã¯ãYouããçç¥ããããã®ã ãšãã説æããããŸãã
ãããšãã°ãSing this song.ã(ãã®æãæãïŒ)ãªããYou sing this song.ãã®ãYouããçç¥ããã圢ã ããšããããã«ã
ããããã次ã®ãããªèšãæ¹ãå¯èœã§ãã
ãSomebody sing this song.ã
ãšèšãã°ãã誰ãããã®æãæãïŒããšããæå³ã§ã*ã
*ãSomebody sings this song.ãã®ããã«ãïŒåçŸã®Sããã€ããã°ã誰ãããã®æãæãããšãã(ç¿æ
£ãåŸåãè¡šã)å¹³åæã«ãªããŸãã
ããïŒäººç§°ã®åœä»€æãã«ã¯ã次ã®ãããªãã®ããããŸãã
Long live the king !
(çæ§äžæ³ð)
ããçæ§ããæ«é·ãçããŠãã ãããã£ãŠããããšã§ãããðãäžå¿ãåœä»€æã§ãããç¥é¡æããšãèšãããããšããããŸããããåœä»€æãã§ããããšã«ãããã¯ãããŸããããYouããšããïŒäººç§°ã¯äœ¿ãããŠããŸãããã©ãã
God bless you ! ãåãã§ãã
ãäœãèšãããã®ããšãããšãåè©ã®å圢ã(æ£ç¢ºã«èšãã°ãäžå®åœ¢ã)ã䜿ãããæã«ã¯ã䜿圹åè©ã«ãããåœä»€æ*ã«ããã(以äžã§è§Šãã)ä»®å®æ³çŸåšã«ããããã¹ãŠãåœä»€ã®ãã¥ã¢ã³ã¹ãããããšããããšã§ãã
*åœä»€æãä»®å®æ³çŸåšã®çšæ³ã ãšããèãæ¹ããããŸãã
ããåè©ã®å圢ãã«ã¯ãä»®å®æ³çŸåšããšããŠã®äœ¿ãæ¹ããããŸããããããåœä»€æãã®äžçš®ãšããŠæãããšè¯ããšæãããŸãã
ãæç§æžçãªèª¬æã«ããã°ããä»®å®æ³çŸåšãã¯ããåœä»€ããææ¡ããèŠæ±ããªã©ã®æå³ããããšãããŠããŸãã
[åœä»€]
â She ordered that he do it himself.
(圌女ã¯åœŒãèªåèªèº«ã§ãããããããã«åœãã)
[ææ¡]
â¡He suggested that we go shopping.
(圌ã¯ãè²·ãç©ã«è¡ãããšèšã£ã)
[èŠæ±]
â¢She demanded that he go in her place.
(圌女ã¯ã圌ã圌女ã®ä»£ããã«è¡ãããšãèŠæ±ãã)
â ããâ¢ã®ã倪åãã®åã«ã¯ããããããshouldãã眮ãããšãå¯èœã§ãã
æ¥æ¬èªã§èª¬æãããšãã«ããåœä»€ããšèšãããããææ¡ããšèšãããããèŠæ±ããšèšãããããããã«ããŠããåœä»€ãã®æå³ã垯ã³ãŠããããšã¯ééããããŸããã
å°æ¬ | 䜿圹åè©
ãmake, have, let ãªã©ã®äœ¿åœ¹åè©ãçšãããšããã䜿圹åè©+ç®çèª+åè©ã®å圢ããšãã圢ããšããããã®ã¯ããåè©ã®å圢ãã«ã¯ãåœä»€æçãªãã¥ã¢ã³ã¹ã宿ããããããã ããšç§ã¯æã£ãŠããŸãã
ããç®çèªããââããïŒããšããã®ã䜿圹æ§æãªã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšã
ã䜿圹ã®ã匷ãã(匷å¶åºŠåã)ã¯ãããããã®äœ¿åœ¹åè©ã®ãã³ã¢ã®æå³ãã«ããéãã§ãã(ãæã€ããªã®ããäœãããªã®ããã®ããã«)ããšãã¡ããèšããã ãããšæããŸãã
ããšããã§ãget + ç®çèª + to + åè©ã®å圢ãã«ã€ããŠã§ããããªã䜿圹åè©ã®äžã§ãgetãã ãããto + åè©ã®å圢ãã«ãªãã®ããšããçåã«ç§ã¯ãŸã çããŠããŸããã§ããã
ããã®ç¹ã«é¢ããŠã¯ããgetã®ã³ã¢ã®æå³ãããïœã«ãªããã ãšããããšãæ³èµ·ããã°è¯ãã®ããªãšæã£ãŠããŸãã
ããã®åã®èšäºã§ãto + åè©ã®å圢ããšãã圢ã®ãäžå®è©ãã¯ããããããïœããããšãããã¥ã¢ã³ã¹ã垯ã³ãããšã説æããŸããã
ãããããã§ããããgetãã®ãïœã«ãªãããšããã³ã¢ã®æå³ãšãäžå®è©ã®ãããããïœããããšã®çžæ§ããããããå圢äžå®è©ã§ã¯ãªãããto +åè©ã®å圢ããšãã圢ããšãã®ã§ãããã
ããããã¯ãåçŽã«ãå£èª¿äžããto + åè©ã®å圢ãã®ã»ããèšããããããããç¥ããŸããã
ããã©ã¯ãã£ã«ã«ãªããšããŸãšããŠãããšã次ã®ããã«èŠããŠããã°ããã§ãããã
make, have, let ã¯ãå圢ãããšãã
匷å¶åºŠåãã¯ããmake ïŒ haveãã
ãletãã¯ãïœãããããšããããããèš±å¯ããããããã®ãã¥ã¢ã³ã¹ã
get ã¯ãto + åè©ã®å圢ãããšãã
ããââãââããããããªç¶æ
ã«ãªãããã«ããããšããæãã§ããããïŒ
ã次ã«ãååæ ãã®è©±ã«ç§»ããŸãã
(ïŒ) ååæ (åã身圢)ã«ã€ããŠ
ããåã身圢ã(ååæ )ãåããŠåŠã¶ãšãã«ã次ã®ãããªèª¬æãåãããšèšæ¶ããŠããŸãã
He loves her. [èœåæ
]
(圌ã¯åœŒå¥³ãæããŠãã)
ãèœåæ ã®ç®çèªã§ããã圌女ããäž»èªã«ããŠãå ã®èœåæ ãšåãç¶æ³ãè¡šãã®ãªãã°ãã圌女ã¯åœŒã«æãããŠããããšããããšã«ãªããŸãã
She is loved by him. [ååæ
]
(圌女ã¯åœŒã«æãããŠããŸã)
ããã®ãããªå Žåãååæ ããªããŠãèœåæ ã䜿ãã°ãå 容çã«ã¯åããªã®ã§ãååæ ã¯å¿ ãããå¿ èŠãªãã®ã§ã¯ãªããïŒããšãæããŸãã
ãããããçåã«ã¯ãã¡ãããã圌女ã«çŠç¹ãåœãŠãèšãæ¹ãå¿ èŠãªã®ã ïŒããšäž»åŒµããããšãã§ããŸããè³æ¥µãã£ãšããªäž»åŒµã§ãããäžçãããŸããå®éããã®ããã«ãèŠç¹ããå€ããŠè¡šçŸããããã«ååæ ãçšããããããšãå€ãã§ãã
ãããããªããããã£ããã«ååæ ãå¿ èŠã§ããïŒïŒããšã¯èšãããããç§ã¯ååæ ãååšã®ã¯ãå¿ ç¶çãªçç±ããããšæã£ãŠããŸãã
ã次ã«æããæã§ã¯ã©ãã§ãããã
They use French in Canada. [èœåæ
]
French is used in Canada. [ååæ
]
ãã©ã¡ãããã«ããã§ã¯ãã©ã³ã¹èªã䜿ãããŠããããšããæå³ã§ããããããªãããèœåæ
ã®ãTheyãã¯ãæŒ ç¶ãšãã人ããè¡šããTheyãã§ãããããªãäžèªç¶ãªæã§ãã
ãã圌ããšãã圌女ããšããããããªãšé¡ãåãã人ã§ã¯ãªãããææ³çã«ç«ãŠãããäž»èªããšããŠã®ãTheyãã§ãããå
·äœçãªèº«äœããã€äººã§ã¯ãããŸããã
ããã®ãããªå Žåã«ã¯ãããã©ã³ã¹èªããäž»èªã«ç«ãŠãŠããããŠãã©ã³ã¹èªã䜿ã人ãåé¢ã«åºããªãã»ããèªç¶ã§ããã
ããŸãã次ã®ãããªå Žåã¯ã©ãã§ãããïŒ
He was born in America and his mother brought him up there.
(圌ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§çãŸãããããŠããã§åœŒã®æ¯èŠªã圌ãè²ãŠã)
ãå¥ã«ãã®æã§ãããããã¯ãªãã®ã§ãããååéšåã®äž»èªãã圌ãã§ãåŸåéšåã®äž»èªãã圌ã®æ¯èŠªãã§ããã®ã§ãè¡šçŸãåé·ãšããããèŠç¹ããã¬ãŠããå°è±¡ãç§ã«ã¯ãããŸãã
ãåãå
容ãªãã°ãäž»èªãçµ±äžããããã«ååæ
ã䜿ãã»ãããã¹ãããªããæç« ã«ãªããŸãã
He was born and brought up in America.
ããã®æã§ã¯ã圌ã®ãæ¯ããããæ¶ããŸãããã圌ã®çãç«ã¡ã«é¢ããŠãŸãšãŸã£ã話ããããªãã°ãä»ã®ã©ããã§ã圌ã®æ¯èŠªããç»å Žãããã°ããã®ã§ããããŠãã®æã§èšãå¿ èŠããªãããªããšç§ã¯æããŸãã
å°æ¬ | ååæ
ãååæ ãã䜿ãã®ã¯ã次ã®ãããªå Žåã
â
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â¡
å
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èŠããªããšãã
(äŸ) He was killed in the war.
(圌ã¯ãã®æŠäºã§æ»ãã )
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