【マーケティング#2】SWOT分析とはなにか?
今回は SWOT分析とはなにか? についてわかりやすくまとめました!
後半のビジネス英語コンテンツもぜひご覧ください!
■SWOT分析とは
SWOT分析は、自社の内部環境と外部環境を「強み・弱み・機会・脅威」の4要素から分析する手法です。
企業が戦略を策定するために、市場環境の機会と内部経営資源の強みが一致する領域を見つけることが大切です。
■クロスSWOT分析とは
クロスSWOT分析とは、4種類の戦略を導き出すフレームワークのことです。自社が取るべき方向性を明確にすることができます。
次の4つの組み合わせがあります。
●強み×機会:自社の強みを活かして機会を最大化する(SO戦略)
●強み×脅威:自社の強みを活かして脅威を機会に変える(ST戦略)
●弱み×機会:自社の弱みを補強・改善して機会をとらえる(WO戦略)
●弱み×脅威:自社の弱みを把握して脅威を避ける(WT戦略)
■3C分析とは
3C分析は、外部環境の顧客(Customer)と競合(Competitor)、内部環境の自社(Company)の3つを分析するものです。
どのような顧客を対象として、どのような競合企業に対抗し、自社の事業を展開するのかを検討します。
■SWOT分析のやり方とコツ・事例
SWOT分析のやり方については、デスクトップサーチをしたなかで、とても参考になった記事を紹介します!
記事の英訳でビジネス英語学習コンテンツをつくりましたのでぜひご覧ください!
■SWOT analysis: How to do it, tips, and examples
The purpose of a SWOT analysis is to improve the effectiveness of your business strategy by objectively understanding your company's current situation. When formulating a strategy, it is important to consider how to develop your company's strengths and compensate for its weaknesses, and how to seize opportunities and avoid threats.
SWOT analysis is a method that can easily analyze these, and can be used to formulate any business strategy, including marketing and sales activities.
Let's take a closer look at what the four elements of SWOT analysis are and how to find them.
Strength
Strengths refer to positive factors in the internal environment. Below are examples of internal environment factors.
・Brand recognition
・Number of customer data
・Quality and price of products and services
・Know-how possessed
・Number of stores
・Number of employees
・Technical ability
・Budget
・Location
For example, "brand recognition exceeds 70% in each generation" and "we have 30 years of know-how in ○○ technology" can be considered strengths.
When finding strengths, it is important to keep the following two points in mind.
・Is it superior compared to competitors?
・Is customer satisfaction high?
If you cannot make a judgment based on internal information alone, we recommend collecting information through questionnaire surveys and interviews.
Weakness
Weaknesses are negative factors in the internal environment. For example, "low product awareness" and "many employees with low digital literacy" are weaknesses.
The key to finding weaknesses is to identify elements that are inferior when compared to competitors and elements that do not provide value from the customer's perspective. It will be smoother if you keep the following points in mind.
・Things that your company is not good at
・Things that you know are necessary but are not able to do
・Things that are outdated
・Low customer satisfaction
・Things that are too costly
You can prevent bias by collecting information from multiple perspectives, such as collecting the voices of employees from each department.
Opportunity
Opportunities refer to benefits that your company has brought about due to changes in the external environment and business opportunities that have arisen. Below are examples of external environmental factors.
・Market size and growth potential
・Competitor trends
・Changes in customer needs
・Social conditions
・Legal reforms
・Economic trends
・Technological trends
The external environmental factors that should be focused on differ depending on the industry, so it is important to identify the factors that have a high impact on your company. It is also important to use objective and reliable sources of information, such as collecting information released by public institutions.
When looking for opportunities, keep the following points in mind.
・What are the things that will be an opportunity for your company?
・What are the things that will give you an advantage over your competitors?
Threat
A threat is a risk or disadvantage brought about by changes in the external environment. For example, if a legal reform requires a fundamental overhaul of an existing product, it can be considered a threat.
When identifying threats, it is a good idea to keep the following points in mind.
・What will eliminate your company's strengths?
・What will give you a disadvantage compared to your competitors?
How to perform a SWOT analysis
We will look at how to proceed with a SWOT analysis in four steps.
1. Clarifying the purpose and collecting information
SWOT analysis looks at the environment surrounding your company from multiple angles, so a wide range of information is required. Therefore, it is important to first clarify the purpose from the perspective of what you want to clarify through SWOT analysis, what products you are targeting, and what kind of decision-making you want to use it for.
For example, if you set the purpose of "helping to formulate a strategy to recover sales slump due to a decrease in the number of customers," collect information on the external and internal environmental factors that are influencing this. The trick to proceed efficiently is to set an estimate of the information you want to pick up in advance.
2. Analyzing the external environment
Since the internal environment is affected by the external environment, we recommend starting with an analysis of the external environment. Based on the information collected in step 1, organize the things that are opportunities and threats for your company. External environmental factors caused by social conditions cannot be changed by your own efforts, but if you change your perspective, it may be possible to turn changes that seem like threats into opportunities.
For example, even if the demand for the industry itself is shrinking, you may be able to gain market share by using a niche strategy that utilizes your company's unique technology. In this way, the key is to analyze from the perspective of "whether it could be an opportunity or a threat to your company" rather than taking a generalized view.
You can gain deeper insights by combining it with a macro-environmental analysis such as "PEST analysis" that grasps social conditions and trends in the world, or "3C analysis" that clarifies your position from three perspectives: competitors, customers, and your company.
3. Analysis of the internal environment
In analyzing the internal environment, you will identify your company's strengths and weaknesses from multiple angles. In particular, it is easy to be influenced by preconceptions when analyzing the company's internal operations, so be careful to ensure objectivity. The key is to analyze based on evidence such as data and questionnaire surveys held by your company.
After identifying the opportunities and threats in the external environment and the strengths and weaknesses of the internal environment, organize them in a table.
4. Cross SWOT analysis
Next, perform a cross SWOT analysis. A cross SWOT analysis is a framework that can derive four types of strategies.
There are four combinations:・Strengths x Opportunities: Maximize opportunities by utilizing your company's strengths (SO strategy)
・Strengths x Threats: Transform threats into opportunities by utilizing your company's strengths (ST strategy)
・Weaknesses x Opportunities: Strengthen and improve your company's weaknesses to seize opportunities (WO strategy)
・Weaknesses x Threats: Understand your company's weaknesses and avoid threats (WT strategy)
SWOT analysis is a way to organize the current situation from the perspective of the environment surrounding your company. By performing a cross-SWOT analysis, you can connect it to a business strategy that takes into account environmental factors. It is important to incorporate it into your business strategy so that the analysis is not just over.
Examples of SWOT analysis
Actual SWOT analysis will vary greatly depending on the situation the company is in, but here are some examples to help you understand. Please use them as a reference.
Example of manufacturing industry
<Internal environment>
Strengths
- Possess special processing technology
- Small lot and short delivery time possible
Weaknesses
- Few sales staff, customer numbers plateau
<External environment>
Opportunities
- Increasing demand for short delivery time and special processing technology
- Increasing demand in overseas markets
Threats
- Development of inexpensive special processing technology
In this example, it is possible to increase orders by capturing strengths and opportunities, but the key to the strategy is how to compensate for the lack of sales resources. Also, since threats have the potential to negate the company's strengths, it is clear that measures must be taken early.
Apparel industry example
<Internal environment>
Strengths
- High brand recognition among people in their 20s to 60s
- Product development, production, sales, and inventory management are all done in-house, realizing high quality and reasonable prices
Weaknesses
- Easily affected by weather
- Not good at highly designed products
<External environment>
Opportunities
- Increasing demand in overseas markets
Threats
- Rise of overseas fast fashion brands
- Rising labor costs at overseas factories
This example is based on Uniqlo. Uniqlo is popular with a wide range of generations because you can buy clothes of stable quality at an affordable price, but the domestic expansion of overseas fast fashion brands that emphasize design is a threat. You can consider coming up with a strategy to overcome your company's weaknesses, or taking advantage of the opportunity to aim for sales expansion.
Example of the food and beverage industry
<Internal environment>
Strengths
- Offering carefully selected ingredients for each season
- High customer satisfaction
- Healthy menu for women is popular
Weaknesses
- Not offering takeout
- No increase in new customers
<External environment>
Opportunities
- Increasing demand for takeout
- Growing health consciousness
Threats
- Rising purchase prices
- A low-cost chain restaurant opens nearby
From this example, we can see that healthy menus are one point of strength x opportunity. You can also consider how to deal with takeout, which is a weakness x opportunity.
In this way, by using a cross SWOT analysis, you can clarify business opportunities for your company.
ビジネスでつかえる英単語をまなびます!
■ビジネス英単語
SWOT analysis SWOT分析
effectiveness 効果
business strategy ビジネス戦略
current situation 現在の状況
strengths 強み
weaknesses 弱み
opportunities 機会
threats 脅威
internal environment 内部環境
external environment 外部環境
brand recognition ブランド認知
customer data 顧客データ
customer satisfaction 顧客満足度
questionnaire surveys アンケート調査
digital literacy デジタルリテラシー
market size 市場規模
growth potential 成長可能性
competitor trends 競合動向
social conditions 社会状況
legal reforms 法改正
economic trends 経済動向
technological trends 技術動向
public institutions 公的機関
legal reform 法改正
fundamental overhaul 根本的な見直し
sales slump 売上不振
niche strategy ニッチ戦略
macro-environmental analysis マクロ環境分析
3C analysis 3C分析
cross SWOT analysis クロスSWOT分析
manufacturing industry 製造業
special processing technology 特殊加工技術
small lot 小ロット
short delivery time 短納期
customer numbers plateau 顧客数の停滞
apparel industry アパレル業界
high brand recognition 高いブランド認知度
inventory management 在庫管理
reasonable prices 手頃な価格
fast fashion brands ファストファッションブランド
labor costs 労働コスト
food and beverage industry 飲食業界
carefully selected ingredients 厳選された食材
high customer satisfaction 高い顧客満足度
health consciousness 健康意識
purchase prices 仕入れ価格
TOEIC Part5 対策になりそうな英語フレーズをまなびます!
■ビジネス英語フレーズ
The purpose of a SWOT analysis is to improve business strategy.
SWOT分析の目的はビジネス戦略を改善することです。
The effectiveness of our marketing campaign was evident in the sales data.
マーケティングキャンペーンの効果は売上データに明らかでした。
Developing a solid business strategy is crucial for success.
確固たるビジネス戦略を立てることが成功の鍵です。
Understanding the current situation is the first step in planning.
現在の状況を理解することが計画の第一歩です。
Our company's strengths include a strong brand and loyal customers.
当社の強みには強力なブランドと忠実な顧客が含まれます。
Identifying weaknesses helps us improve our operations.
弱みを特定することで、業務を改善することができます。
We must seize opportunities in the market to grow.
市場の機会を捉えて成長しなければなりません。
Economic downturns are considered threats to our business.
経済の低迷は当社のビジネスに対する脅威と見なされます。
Analyzing the internal environment helps us understand our capabilities.
内部環境を分析することで、当社の能力を理解することができます。
The external environment includes market trends and economic conditions.
外部環境には市場動向や経済状況が含まれます。
High brand recognition can lead to increased sales.
高いブランド認知は売上の増加につながる可能性があります。
We need to analyze our customer data to improve services.
サービスを改善するために顧客データを分析する必要があります。
High customer satisfaction is a key to our success.
高い顧客満足度が成功の鍵です。
Conducting questionnaire surveys helps us gather customer feedback.
アンケート調査を実施することで、顧客のフィードバックを収集できます。
Improving digital literacy among employees is essential.
従業員のデジタルリテラシーを向上させることが重要です。
We need to assess the market size before launching a new product.
新製品を発売する前に市場規模を評価する必要があります。
The growth potential of this market is significant.
この市場の成長可能性は大きいです。
Keeping an eye on competitor trends is crucial for staying competitive.
競合動向を注視することが競争力を維持するために重要です。
Understanding social conditions helps us tailor our marketing strategies.
社会状況を理解することで、マーケティング戦略を調整することができます。
Legal reforms can impact our business operations.
法改正は当社の業務に影響を与える可能性があります。
We must adapt to economic trends to remain profitable.
経済動向に適応して利益を維持しなければなりません。
Keeping up with technological trends is vital for innovation.
技術動向に追いつくことがイノベーションにとって重要です。
Information from public institutions is often reliable.
公的機関からの情報は信頼性が高いことが多いです。
A legal reform may require changes in our policies.
法改正は当社の方針の変更を必要とするかもしれません。
A fundamental overhaul of our system is necessary for efficiency.
効率化のためにシステムの根本的な見直しが必要です。
We need a strategy to recover from the sales slump.
売上不振から回復するための戦略が必要です。
Implementing a niche strategy can help us target specific markets.
ニッチ戦略を実施することで特定の市場をターゲットにすることができます。
A macro-environmental analysis provides insights into broader trends.
マクロ環境分析は広範なトレンドに関する洞察を提供します。
A 3C analysis helps us understand our position in the market.
3C分析は市場における当社の位置を理解するのに役立ちます。
Conducting a cross SWOT analysis helps us develop effective strategies.
クロスSWOT分析を実施することで効果的な戦略を立てることができます。
The manufacturing industry is facing new challenges.
製造業は新たな課題に直面しています。
Our special processing technology sets us apart from competitors.
当社の特殊加工技術は競合他社との差別化要因です。
We offer small lot production to meet customer needs.
当社は顧客のニーズに応えるために小ロット生産を提供しています。
Ensuring short delivery time is crucial for customer satisfaction.
短納期を確保することが顧客満足度にとって重要です。
Our customer numbers plateau indicates a need for new strategies.
顧客数の停滞は新しい戦略の必要性を示しています。
The apparel industry is highly competitive.
アパレル業界は非常に競争が激しいです。
We have high brand recognition among our target audience.
当社はターゲット層の間で高いブランド認知度を持っています。
Effective inventory management helps reduce costs.
効果的な在庫管理はコスト削減に役立ちます。
We offer high-quality products at reasonable prices.
当社は手頃な価格で高品質な製品を提供しています。
Fast fashion brands are gaining popularity among young consumers.
ファストファッションブランドは若い消費者の間で人気を集めています。
Rising labor costs are affecting our profitability.
労働コストの上昇が当社の収益性に影響を与えています。
The food and beverage industry is constantly evolving.
飲食業界は常に進化しています。
We use carefully selected ingredients to ensure quality.
当社は品質を確保するために厳選された食材を使用しています。
Our high customer satisfaction is a result of our excellent service.
当社の高い顧客満足度は優れたサービスの結果です。
Increasing health consciousness is driving demand for our products.
健康意識の高まりが当社製品の需要を促進しています。
Fluctuating purchase prices are a challenge for our supply chain.
仕入れ価格の変動が当社のサプライチェーンにとって課題です。
■さいごに
今回は SWOT分析とはなにか? についてわかりやすく解説しました!
マーケティングの理解向上と英語学習にお役にたてたでしょうか?
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よろしければサポートお願いします!