フォースとレーバー？

フォーストレ―バー状態。強制労働状態（Forced Labour Condition）　シベリア抑留の話ではない。

ロイターの今年６月１６日のニュース。記事の内容はマレーシアで働く家事労働者（≒メイドさん）の２９％は強制労働をさせられているというアンケート調査結果。
”ＩＬＯはマレーシア、シンガポール、タイに対し、「家事労働者と強制労働に関する国連条約」を批准し、家事労働の熟練した性質を認識し、労働者を雇用主に結び付けない移住経路を確保するよう求めた。”

そうなんだけど、そうなるのか？メイドさんなどはほぼ雇用主の下での出稼ぎ状態で、彼らの子どもはマレーシアの公立教育は受けていることはほぼない。

気になったこと。
〇家事労働者(メイドさん)や建設現場労働者、セキュリティーガード、特定の店舗の労働者などはほぼ雇用主の下での単一の仕事をしている出稼ぎ外国人だ。この職業はこの国の人って感じで固定化されている。これを禁じるというか、こういう労働者が最低賃金以上を得て、社会を自由に行き来し、マレーシアに定住して、などとなると、マレーシアの社会が大変化だと思う。

主婦がひとりで掃除するには大きすぎるお家と子どもたちのご飯などを（比較的安く）メイドさんに全部任せてしゃかりき働いてるマレーシア人のお母さんたち、どうなる？

〇「強制労働」の定義とは。読めばよ、読むほど、日本の昭和の会社員。ただ違うのは、日本だと生涯をささげればお給料はそれなりにもらえる場合も多かったと思うけど。「休めない、時間外労働（働かされすぎ）、サービス残業と言う名の無賃労働、辞められない」。。。令和の日本の会社員に同じアンケート調査したらどうなる？笑えないこと書いたかも。

（記事の本文と訳文以外は、すべて個人の感想です）

以下、ロイターの記事をはり付けました。

Nearly a third of domestic workers in Malaysia in forced labour conditions, U.N. agency says

Nearly a third of domestic workers in Malaysia in forced labour conditions, U.N. agency says

Reuters

June 16, 20238:40 AM GMT+8Updated 3 months ago

KUALA LUMPUR, June 15 (Reuters) - Nearly a third of migrant workers employed in domestic households in Malaysia are working under forced labour conditions, according to a survey released by the United Nations' labour agency on Thursday.

The International Labour Organisation (ILO) identified conditions such as excessive working hours, unpaid overtime, low wages, restricted movement, and being unable to quit among its indicators of forced labour.

The survey, based on interviews with 1,201 domestic workers in Southeast Asia, found 29% of those in Malaysia faced such conditions, compared to 7% and 4% in its neighbours Singapore and Thailand, respectively.

Malaysia did not immediately respond to requests for comment on the survey findings.

Wannarat Srisuksai, a spokesperson for Thailand's labour ministry, said the treatment of domestic workers in the country has improved following laws introduced in 2012 to protect the group.

Singapore's Ministry of Manpower said the vast majority of migrant domestic workers were satisfied with working and living in Singapore, with protections including timely salary payment, adequate daily rest, proper food and accommodation, and regular medical check-ups.

In all three countries, however, the domestic workers surveyed on average worked hours "well in excess" of those legislated for other workers, and none earned the minimum wage, the ILO said.

"Domestic work is one of the most important tasks in our society, and yet provided with the least protection. This can no longer be accepted," said Anna Engblom, chief technical adviser at the ILO programme, which conducted the study.

The ILO urged Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand to ratify U.N. conventions on domestic workers and forced labour, to recognise the skilled nature of domestic work, and ensure migration pathways that did not tie the workers to their employers.

Households in Asia often employ domestic workers - usually women from developing nations such as Indonesia, Myanmar, and the Philippines - to carry out housekeeping tasks including cooking, cleaning, childcare, and gardening.

Malaysia has faced criticism in recent years following multiple incidents of Indonesian domestic workers being abused in Malaysian households, while several of its companies have been accused of exploiting migrant labourers.

Indonesians make up about 80% of domestic workers in Malaysia, according to the ILO. Last year, Malaysia and Indonesia signed an agreement to improve protections for domestic workers.

Reporting by Rozanna Latiff; Additional reporting by Panarat Thepgumpanat in Bangkok and Chen Lin in Singapore; Editing by Sharon Singleton