スミレの山　高尾山⑮　オカスミレ Takao, the mountain of violets: No.15 Oka-sumire

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高尾山は、知る人ぞ知るスミレの山。
日本では、約５０種のスミレの野生種(*1)が確認されていますが、高尾にはそのうち１８種が自生している(*2)と言われています。高尾山ならびにその周辺では、毎年３月上旬から５月下旬にかけて、あちこちで可憐なスミレの花々を観察することができます。

Mt. Takao is known as habitats for a wide variety of wild violet flowers (in Japanese, sumire, or “Sue-Mee-Ray”). In Japan, about 50 species of wild violets (*1) have been confirmed, and 18 of them are said to grow naturally in the Mt. Takao area(*2). Every year from the beginning of March to the end of May, you can find pretty violet flowers all over the place in Mt. Takao and its surroundings.

(Stealing and vandalizing wild plants in the areas designated under the Natural Parks Act are illegal and subject to a criminal charge.)
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高尾のスミレの季節が終盤を迎える４月中旬頃、里山山中のあちこちで、まさにスミレ色のスミレが咲き始めます。アカネスミレ（Viola phalacrocarpa）と、その変種である、オカスミレ（Viola phalacrocarpa var. glaberrima）です。

As Takao's violet season approaches to the end in mid-April, violets that are literally in the violet-color begin to bloom in satoyama but also in the mountains. They are Akane-sumire (Viola phalacrocarpa) and its variant, Oka-sumire (Viola phalacrocarpa var. glaberrima).

両者ともこの季節目立ちますが、見かけはほとんど同じです。違いは、アカネスミレは全身に細かい毛が観察されるのに対して、オカスミレは花の側弁の根本意外、ほとんど無毛であることです。

They are spotted commonly in this season, but they look almost identical. The difference is that fine hairs can be observed all over the body of Akane-sumire, Oka-sumire are almost hairless except for the base of the side petals.

あちこちで見かけますが、畑の近くなど、土が肥沃な里山に咲くものは大きく立派な花をつける一方、山中の土が痩せているところでは小さく細身の花を咲かせるなど環境の影響を受けやすく、一見違うスミレにみえることから、同定のためには数多くを見て目を慣らす必要があります。

Although they are everywhere, the ones near farms in satoyama, where the soil is probably fertile, have large, fine flowers, while the ones blooming in the mountains, where the soil is probably less fertile, have small and slender flowers. They are easily affected by the environment, and at first glance, they may appear to be different violets. It takes such as small and slender flowers blooming in places where the soil in the mountains is thin.. At first glance, it looks like a different violet. It takes some training to be able to identify them.

＊１
門田裕一,『日本の野生植物 ３』, (平凡社、2016), P.209
Yuichi Kadota, "Wild flowers of Japan 3," (Heibonsha K.K. 2016), P.209
＊2
東京都　高尾山ビジターセンター
The Takao Visitor Center

スミレ三昧 – 東京都　高尾ビジターセンター