毎日英語学習

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毎日英語を学習をしています

私は読んだ文章をアウトプットする目的として利用しています

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今回のテーマは”イデア論”についての記事です

Forms

Consider all the beautiful things in the world.

Do they anything in common?

What explains the fact that they are all beautiful?

According to Plato (427-347 BC), the answer to both these question is that there is a form or idea called beauty and each beautiful thing is beautiful because it has some relation in this way, not just the form of beauty.

There is a form of redness, that accounts for all red things in the world; a form of the good that accounts for all the good in the world; and so on.

Platonic forms, like beauty, are timeless and unchanging.

Furthermore, the form beauty is itself beautiful.

It has no features other than being beautiful, and it is beautiful in an unrestricted and unqualified way.

Other beautiful thing have additional features like size and shape, and they are only beautiful to a limited degree.

Individual beautiful things are beautiful by virtue of participating in beauty.

Plato thought of participation as imperfect imitation.

Thus, individual beautiful things imitate beauty, but only up to a point.

For Plato,  the forms are more real than particular physical objects that imitate them.

Where the forms are timeless and unchanging, physical things are in flux, constantly coming into being, and then going out of existence.

Where the formes are unqualified perfection, physical things are qualified and conditioned.

Plato believed that long before our bodies ever existed, our souls existed and inhabited heaven, where they become directly acquainted with the forms themselves.

Real knowledge is knowledge of the forms.

But knowledge of the forms cannot be attained through sensory experience because the forms, after all, are not in the physical world.

Therefor, our knowledge of the forms, our real knowledge, must be the recollection of our initial acquaintance with the formes in heaven.

Therefor, what appears to us as learning is in fact merely remembering.