英語表現を磨く方法をデザインする ～2. Chat GPTの分析を分析～　

目的：Chat GPTの分析を理解する

今回は、前回Chat GPTにより作られたUpgraded Sample/改訂版を分析を
して、改定された文章はどんな点が良いのか、ということを理解していきます。

前回の記事はこちらです。

使用した写真はこちら、夜の隅田川です。

Upgraded Sample/改訂版（Chat GPTによる）:
In the early summer, a tropical breeze tenderly caressed the river, orchestrating a dance with the willow tree near the bridge. The willow, like a graceful dancer, swayed its flowing branches, losing itself in the never-ending spectacle of the sleepless city.

The river, a silent witness to human rituals, embraced the culmination of a day: a dedicated jogger, his determination echoing in each step along the northbound riverbank; a weary workman, finding solace in the fleeting moments of a cigarette before the journey home; and travelers, eagerly searching for phones to capture the picturesque embrace of the iconic Skytree.

Asakusa Bridge, illuminated like a well-lit stage, unveiled the everyday drama, casting every person and passing car as integral players in the unfolding seasonal narratives. The arched pillars, guardians of the capital's cultural heritage, stood stoically, while spaced street lamps illuminated the steps of dreamers aspiring toward the future.

The Skytree, a masterful enchantress, wove its mesmerizing spell, changing costumes with each gradual shift. The golden cloud sculpture, carrying an ambivalent mass, gazed upward, admiring the Skytree's transformation. Beside them, sleepless buildings stood sentinel, their eyes fixed on the river's surface, adorned with a crystal tapestry.

Gentle ripples reached the riverbank, where a pair of ducks, heads buried in body feathers, sought refuge. One raised its head, peeping cautiously, ensuring the safety of their sanctuary, a moment frozen in the eternal dance of nature.

1．プロンプトをを作製

（1）Chat GPTはこのテストの採点者であるということ。
（2）採点基準
（3）採点基準に照らしてレベルを判定する。
（4）文章を分析し、この写実文にどのような作文技法（暗喩、擬人法など）が使用されているのかを採点基準に照らして解説する。
（5）ターゲットとなる文章

2．文章を含めたプロンプトを入力した結果

（1）評価
Evaluation　（評価）:

• Content (22/24): The text vividly describes the scene, engaging the reader with a variety of sensory details and activities.

• Organization (20/24): The structure is effective, with a clear progression of ideas and a strong connection between elements, but there is room for minor improvements.

Overall Level: Upper Level 4 (42/48)

ChatGPTが作った文章は、最高のレベルの文章でした。実際にどのような技法が使われているのか、分析を見ていきます。

（２）分析

Analysis:

1. Introduction:

   • Imagery and Metaphor（イメージと暗喩）: The use of "tropical breeze tenderly caressed the river" creates vivid imagery, and the metaphor of the willow tree as a "graceful dancer" adds depth.

2. Description of the Scene:

   • Personification and Rule of Three（擬人法、3つのルール）: The river is personified as a "silent witness" to human rituals, and the description includes three distinct activities, employing the rule of three.

3. Asakusa Bridge:

   • Simile and Metaphor（直喩と暗喩）: Describing Asakusa Bridge as "illuminated like a well-lit stage" uses a simile, and the metaphor of the bridge as a stage adds richness to the description.

   • Alliteration（頭韻法）: The phrase "integral players in the unfolding seasonal narratives" employs alliteration, enhancing the rhythmic quality of the text.

4. Skytree and Surroundings:

   • Pathetic Fallacy: Describing the Skytree as a "masterful enchantress" and the golden cloud sculpture gazing upward applies pathetic fallacy, attributing human qualities to nature.

   • Connotations and Hyperbole: Referring to the buildings as "sleepless" and their eyes fixed on the river's surface with a "crystal tapestry" includes connotations and hyperbole, intensifying the description.
     

5. Gentle Ripples and Ducks:

   • Onomatopoeia: The phrase "Gentle ripples" incorporates onomatopoeia, contributing to the auditory imagery.

   • Personification: Describing the ducks seeking refuge and one raising its head adds personification, giving life and emotion to the natural elements.

3．分析の分析

いくつかの分析の中で納得がいかないものがあったため、以下の通り、ChatGPTに質問してみました。細かい点なので、自分のメモ書きとしては残しますが、飛ばしてください。自分としては実はこの作業が勉強になりました。ChatGPTが間違えてしまうことがある、ということをよく留意して、鵜吞みにしないということが大切ですね。

（１）Alliteration（頭韻法）の分析に疑問

頭韻法の説明が、納得いかなかったので、ChatGPTにもっと詳しく説明してほしいと聞いてみました。

私の質問
’You explained ’integral players in the unfolding seasonal narratives’ uses Alliteration. I do not understand how this language technique is applied in the phrase. Can you explain in more detail?’

ChatGPTの返事はこうでした。
’Certainly! I appreciate your clarification. I made an error in my previous explanation. The phrase "integral players in the unfolding seasonal narratives" doesn't actually use alliteration. I apologize for any confusion.

Alliteration is the repetition of the same initial consonant sound in a sequence of words. In the provided text, the phrase "integral players in the unfolding seasonal narratives" doesn't exhibit this repetition.

I appreciate your attention to detail, and I'm here to assist with any further questions or clarifications!’

ChatGPTは説明を間違えたと言っています。頭韻法はこの部分には使われていないと言っています。

頭韻法の説明が、納得いかなかったので、ChatGPTにもっと詳しく説明してほしいと聞いてみました。

’You explained ’integral players in the unfolding seasonal narratives’ uses Alliteration. I do not understand how this language technique is applied in the phrase. Can you explain in more detail?’

ChatGPTの返事はこうでした。
’Certainly! I appreciate your clarification. I made an error in my previous explanation. The phrase "integral players in the unfolding seasonal narratives" doesn't actually use alliteration. I apologize for any confusion.

Alliteration is the repetition of the same initial consonant sound in a sequence of words. In the provided text, the phrase "integral players in the unfolding seasonal narratives" doesn't exhibit this repetition.

I appreciate your attention to detail, and I'm here to assist with any further questions or clarifications!’

ChatGPTは説明を間違えてしまったと言っています。頭韻法はこの部分には使われていないと言っています。ChatGPTが間違えてしまうことがある、ということをよく留意して、鵜吞みにしないということが大切ですね。

（2）Pathetic Fallacyの説明に疑問。擬人法では？

Pathetic Fallacy: Describing the Skytree as a "masterful enchantress" and the golden cloud sculpture gazing upward applies pathetic fallacy, attributing human qualities to nature.

Pathetic Fallacyとは「the ～》感傷的虚偽 ◆文学において、「the angry sea＝怒れる海」のように、無生物に人間の感情を持たせた表現を作り出すこと。（英辞郎on the webにて検索 https://eow.alc.co.jp/ accessed on 3/12/2023）」です。この文はむしろとPersonification（擬人法）ではないのかな、と疑問に思い、対比して説明するようChatGPTに投げかけてみました。また、これが感傷的虚偽であることが正しいのであれば、擬人法で表したらどういう表現になるのかも聞いてみました。

私の質問
'You analyzed the text saying, ’Pathetic Fallacy: Describing the Skytree as a "masterful enchantress" and the golden cloud sculpture gazing upward applies pathetic fallacy, attributing human qualities to nature.’　Is it pathetic fallacy the technique used here？ Isn't it personification? Clarify it with the definitions of both pathetic fallacy and personification. Then show how you put the sentence if you used personification.'

ChatGPTの回答
'You are correct, and I appreciate your attention to the distinction between pathetic fallacy and personification. Let me clarify the definitions of both:

1. Pathetic Fallacy:

   • Pathetic fallacy is a literary device where human emotions or characteristics are attributed to nature or inanimate objects. It involves giving emotions or feelings to something non-human.

2. Personification:

   • Personification is a broader literary device where human qualities, characteristics, or behaviors are attributed to non-human entities, abstract concepts, or inanimate objects.

In the sentence "Describing the Skytree as a 'masterful enchantress' and the golden cloud sculpture gazing upward applies pathetic fallacy," I misidentified the usage. The correct term is personification, not pathetic fallacy, as the Skytree is being described with human-like qualities.

Corrected Analysis:

• Personification: Describing the Skytree as a "masterful enchantress" and the golden cloud sculpture gazing upward involves personification, attributing human-like qualities to these non-human elements.

I appreciate your diligence in seeking clarification, and I'm here to address any further questions!'

ということで、これについてもChatGPTは間違えてしまって謝っており、ここはPathetic FallacyでなくPersonificationであったと言っています。

（3）ConnotationとHyperboleは正しく分析できている？

疑い深くなってしまい、ConnotationとHyperboleの意味を明らかにし、再分析を頼みました。
'Is your analysis correct？ Explain by clarifying the definition of connotation and hyperbole. ’Connotations and Hyperbole: Referring to the buildings as "sleepless" and their eyes fixed on the river's surface with a "crystal tapestry" includes connotations and hyperbole, intensifying the description.’

回答は、
'I appreciate your attention to detail. Let's clarify the definitions of connotation and hyperbole, and then we'll reevaluate the analysis:

1. Connotation:

   • Connotation refers to the emotional or cultural associations that a word carries beyond its literal definition. It involves the additional meanings and feelings evoked by a word.

2. Hyperbole:

   • Hyperbole is a figure of speech characterized by exaggerated language or claims not meant to be taken literally. It is used for emphasis, creating a dramatic effect.

Now, let's reevaluate the analysis:

Corrected Analysis:

• Connotations（暗示的な意味）: Referring to the buildings as "sleepless" involves connotations, suggesting a sense of constant activity, alertness, or vigilance beyond the literal meaning of the word.

• Hyperbole（大げさな表現）: Describing the buildings' "eyes fixed on the river's surface with a 'crystal tapestry'" incorporates hyperbole, employing exaggeration to emphasize the intense attention of the buildings and the vivid, sparkling quality of the river's surface.

I appreciate your patience and careful consideration. If you have any further questions or need additional clarification, feel free to ask!'

これれについては正しく分析されているようです。Connotationを使うのって難しいと感じます。色々な例を考えてみる必要があるかもしれません。
ChatGPTに例を挙げてみてもらいます。
’Can you present me 5 examples of sentences using connotation?’

ChatGPTからの回答です。
’Certainly! Here are five examples of sentences using connotation:

1. The old, rustic cabin nestled in the woods carried a sense of warmth and nostalgia.

2. Her smile had a mysterious connotation, leaving everyone intrigued about her hidden thoughts.

3. The city streets were alive with the vibrant connotations of diversity, each corner telling a different cultural story.

4. The abandoned mansion on the hill carried a haunting connotation, shrouded in tales of ghostly apparitions.

5. The word "home" has a comforting connotation, evoking feelings of safety, belonging, and love.’

（4）Onomatopoeiaオノマトペの分析は間違いでは？

オノマトペというのは「ワンワン」とか「ドンドン」とか音自体をまねたものであり、「やわらかいさざ波」という説明ではないと思いますので、再分析を頼みます。
I think Onomatopoeia is the sound words such as 'ding ding' or 'quack quack'. 'Gentle ripples' are explanations of sounds. Please analyze again the definition of onomatopoeia. '’Onomatopoeia: The phrase "Gentle ripples" incorporates onomatopoeia, contributing to the auditory imagery.

ChatGPT回答
I appreciate your clarification, and you are correct. I apologize for the oversight. Let's reevaluate the use of onomatopoeia in the context of "Gentle ripples":

Corrected Analysis:

• Onomatopoeia: The phrase "Gentle ripples" doesn't precisely incorporate onomatopoeia, as onomatopoeia refers to words that imitate the natural sound associated with the object or action they refer to (e.g., "buzz" for a bee). However, the phrase contributes to the auditory imagery by describing the sound of the ripples in a more indirect manner.

I appreciate your attention to detail and thank you for the clarification. If you have any more questions or if there's anything else you'd like to discuss, feel free to let me know!

これはオノマトペではないそうです。ただその説明から読者が音をイメージさせる効果はある、ということです。

（5）擬人化できるのは生きていないものだけではないのか？

「鴨の行動が擬人化されている」と分析されていますが、そもそも擬人化って無生物に対して使う技法なのではなかったか？と疑問を持ったため、GPTに質問を投げてみます。
You analyzed ’Personification: Describing the ducks seeking refuge and one raising its head adds personification, giving life and emotion to the natural elements.’ I thought personification can be used only for non-living thins. Can we use personification for living things like ducks?

ChatGPT回答
You bring up a valid point, and I appreciate your attention to detail. Personification is indeed a literary device used to give human-like qualities to non-living things or abstract concepts. When it comes to living beings, such as animals, the term commonly used is anthropomorphism.

Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human characteristics, emotions, or behaviors to animals. So, in the context of the ducks, it would be more accurate to say:

Corrected Analysis:

• Anthropomorphism: Describing the ducks seeking refuge and one raising its head involves anthropomorphism, attributing human-like qualities, emotions, or behaviors to these animals.

Thank you for pointing out this nuance, and I'm here to address any further questions or clarifications!

回答によれば、personificationでなく、anthropomorphismであると言っています。さらに問いを投げて、この二つの技法を比較してもらうことにします。
’What is the differece between personificaiton and anthropomorphism？’

回答は、
’Personification and anthropomorphism are related literary devices, but they have some key differences:

1. Personification:

   • Definition: Personification involves attributing human qualities, characteristics, or actions to non-human entities or abstract concepts. It is a broader term that encompasses the idea of giving human-like traits to something that is not human.

   • Example: "The wind whispered through the trees."

2. Anthropomorphism:

   • Definition: Anthropomorphism specifically involves attributing human qualities, emotions, or behaviors to animals or other living things. It's a more specific form of personification that deals with living beings.

   • Example: "The cat looked at me with curiosity, as if pondering the meaning of my words."

In summary, while personification is a general term for giving human-like attributes to non-human entities, anthropomorphism is a subset of personification that specifically deals with applying human traits to animals or living things.’

人間以外のものや概念に人間性を与える技法がPersonificationで、その中でも生き物に人間性を与える技法はAnthropomorphismだ、ということで、結局この場合は詳しくはAnthropomorphismだけれどもPersonificationでもいいようですね。

4．プロンプトのアップデートをするかどうか？

どうしてGPTが間違えやすかったか、ということを考察してみます。1．で作成した分析のプロンプトに作文技法の定義を入れてみたらどうか、と思いつきました。つまり、（5）を入れてみました。
（1）Chat GPTはこのテストの採点者であるということ。
（2）採点基準
（3）採点基準に照らしてレベルを判定する。
（4）文章を分析し、この写実文にどのような作文技法（暗喩、擬人法など）が使用されているのかを採点基準に照らして解説する。
（5）作文技法の定義
（6）ターゲットとなる文章

結果、回答は以前よりも浅いものになり、間違えも訂正されませんでした。
ChatGPTを使うととても流ちょうに説明されてしまうため、気を付けなければいけないとも思いました。ただ、間違いをピンポイントで指摘すると、それに対しては正しい分析が帰ってきていました。Chat GPTに分析させるときには、その分析を分析する軸が自分のほうにないと危ないと感じることができたことは良かったと思います。プロンプトを変えることで求める答えがえられるようになったら記事を更新します。