![見出し画像](https://assets.st-note.com/production/uploads/images/94409455/rectangle_large_type_2_178e092a0c79983676286b6a92035c97.jpeg?width=1200)
スミレの山 高尾山⑩ タチツボスミレ Takao, the mountain of violets: No.10 Tachitsubo-sumire
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高尾山は、知る人ぞ知るスミレの山。
日本では、約50種のスミレの野生種(*1)が確認されていますが、高尾にはそのうち18種が自生している(*2)と言われています。高尾山ならびにその周辺では、毎年3月上旬から5月下旬にかけて、あちこちで可憐なスミレの花々を観察することができます。
Mt. Takao is known as habitats for a wide variety of wild violet flowers (in Japanese, sumire, or “Sue-Mee-Ray”). In Japan, about 50 species of wild violets (*1) have been confirmed, and 18 of them are said to grow naturally in the Mt. Takao area(*2). Every year from the beginning of March to the end of May, you can find pretty violet flowers all over the place in Mt. Takao and its surroundings.
(Stealing and vandalizing wild plants in the areas designated under the Natural Parks Act are illegal and subject to a criminal charge.)
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![](https://assets.st-note.com/img/1672359242977-Ki4Yh0au4o.jpg?width=1200)
タチツボスミレ(Viola grypoceras)は、高尾のみならずほぼ日本全土の平地や低山でみられる、もっともありふれたスミレです。高尾では山の中のみならず、里山や人家の庭、畦道や河原そして公園などあちこちで見られ、個体数はダントツで一番多いのではないでしょうか。
Tachitsubo-sumire (Viola grypoceras) are the most common violet found not only in Takao but also on plains and low mountains throughout Japan. In Takao, they are found almost everywhere including the mountains, cultivated land and forests near human habilitation, footpaths, banks on a creek and parks and yards. They are probably the most commonly seen violet by far amongst all violets.
![](https://assets.st-note.com/img/1672359263272-QAOAZdp3Fk.jpg?width=1200)
The standard species.
個体数が多いだけではなく、変異や品種が多いことでも知られており、数え方にもよりますが、品種違いも含めると20種ほどもあるそうです。
Not only they are so many, but they are also known to have many variants and varieties. It would depend on how you count them, but there are said to be as many as 20 variants and varieties of Tachitsubo-sumire.
![](https://assets.st-note.com/img/1672359364908-f8myhTLVwr.jpg?width=1200)
A variation called Shirobana-tachitsubo-sumire (f. albiflora), whose entire flower is white including the spur. Those with a pink spur are called Otome-sumire (f. purpurellocalcarata).
高尾でも様々な品種違いが確認されています。これらは品種違いなだけで、種としては同じタチツボスミレなのですが、基本種以外は、そのバラエティーの多さが同定を困難にします。ですが、毎年のように新しい発見があるのが、この種の楽しいところです。
Various varieties are also found in Takao. These varieties have different appearance, but they all belong to the same species. That makes the identification difficult, but also fun. Every year, I find something new about them.
![](https://assets.st-note.com/img/1672359767858-cnwQoxQMOd.jpg?width=1200)
A variation called Akafu-tachitsubo-sumire (f.variegata), whose leaf veins are in deep red.
*1
門田裕一,『日本の野生植物 3』, (平凡社、2016), P.209
Yuichi Kadota, "Wild Flowers of Japan 3," (Heibonsha K.K. 2016), P.209
*2
東京都 高尾山ビジターセンター
The Takao Visitor Center
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