#2 語彙の用例: venerate, expedite, scoff, revile

venerate

高齢者とか身分の高い人を敬うという意味らしい。類義語は revere, worship, adore, be in awe of , esteem などがありそう。

コロケーション

• be (widely) venerated  as 何々

実例

#WOTD venerate:
Robert Burns is Scotland's most venerated poet. http://t.co/r4A6sGBb

— Cambridge Dictionary (@CambridgeWords) December 5, 2012

Pope Francis says he wishes to consecrate the Virgin Mary “in a particular way the Ukrainian people and the Russian people with filial affection, venerate her as a Mother.”https://t.co/YQhDxxNJFe

— NBC News (@NBCNews) March 26, 2022

語注： filial affection (親に孝行しようとする気持ち)

Cambridge dictionary のアカウントが有益な情報をツイートしていたのでメモ。

🤴 'Revere' and 'venerate' are formal words meaning to admire and respect someone very much and think they are special. 'Adulate' has a similar meaning, and is used especially when the admiration is more than is deserved.

— Cambridge Dictionary (@CambridgeWords) December 10, 2021

expedite

speed up とか facilitate と同義。ラテン語由来で、足枷から足を自由にするという意味らしい。OED (s.v. expedite, v) によれば ‘to free (a person's) feet from fetters と書かれていた。「足」関係だと pedal もそうだよなあ。足が自由になって遠くまで歩くのを expedition (旅行，遠征)という。

コロケーション

• expedite the process

• expedite the processing of 何々

• expedite the development of 何々

• expedite the review of 何々

• streamline (or facilitate) and expedite 何々

実例

The legislation, which the Senate passed in a 94-1 vote, directs the Dept. of Justice to expedite the review of Covid-related hate crimes that were reported to law enforcement agencies and help them establish ways to report such incidents online and perform public outreach.

— NBC News (@NBCNews) May 18, 2021

The Biden administration is preparing to unveil as early as this week a plan to expedite and streamline the resettlement of some Ukrainian refugees in the U.S., according to three sources familiar with the plan. https://t.co/7kk2NOQlih

— NBC News (@NBCNews) March 23, 2022

‘This is a country that’s devalued refugees and immigrants and treated them essentially as criminals when that’s not the case at all’ — This journalist says the Trump admin is using COVID-19 to expedite family separation pic.twitter.com/vC0y7xgfF7

— NowThis (@nowthisnews) September 27, 2020

たくさんあるけどこれくらいで。

scoff

これは意味が2つあるらしく、ひとつは「誰かの考えなどを馬鹿にする」(= mock / jeer at 何々 / make fun of 何々)というもの。もうひとつは「がつがつ食べる」。なんでこんなにも違うんや。OED (scoff, n.2) によれば、２つめの意味は元々 South African English らしい。2つめの意味の時は、イギリス英語では scoff だけど、アメリカ英語だと scarf になるみたい。ややこしや。

コロケーション

• scoff at the idea / notion / suggestion of (one's) doing 

• A is nothing to scoff at (Aを真剣に受け止めないといけないという表現)

実例

#wotd scoff: I baked a huge cake this morning, and the kids scoffed the lot. http://ow.ly/1b7oI

— Cambridge Dictionary (@CambridgeWords) March 7, 2010

Russians scoff at intel report on U.S. election hacking: https://t.co/6HZua5mS3Z

— CBS Mornings (@CBSMornings) January 8, 2017

3) 20 kids dying a week is nothing to scoff at. https://t.co/2Hxf3Hrxvy

— Eric Feigl-Ding (@DrEricDing) October 8, 2021

revile

damn / belittle / lambast / roast / speak ill of … / abuse / insult / lash out at (or against) などと同意語。

コロケーション

• revile 人 for 何々 (何々が理由で人がののしられる)

• revile 人 behind one's back (人を裏でののしる)

• revile 人 as 何々

実例

Tunisians still revile ousted President, but yearn for the good old days of a strongman: http://t.co/vK2v50liHI #Tunisia

— The Christian Science Monitor (@csmonitor) April 24, 2013

Many Russians revile him, but Mikhail Gorbachev has something to say https://t.co/KJWj20mhk0 pic.twitter.com/c1vPqUfEO3

— The New York Times (@nytimes) June 2, 2016

Pablo Escobar’s legend is a point of tension in Medellín. Many, perhaps most, in the city revile him as a homicidal fanatic who turned the town into a free-fire zone.

The sight of tourists wearing Escobar T-shirts is especially repulsive to many. https://t.co/r4tQgulexT

— Los Angeles Times (@latimes) October 10, 2022