英会話カランメソッド復習(Stage 5)

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『【カランレポ】リクエスト頂いて書く記事は楽しい』

In history, have many people died for the causes of freedom and justice?
Yes, in history many people died for the causes of freedom and justice.

As we have now studied about a thousand words and a lot of the grammar, can you hold a simple conversation in English?
Yes, as we have now studied about a thousand words and a lot of the grammar, I can hold a simple conversation in English.

What can we use instead of “would be able“ in conditional sentences?
We can use “could” instead of “would be able“ in conditional sentences.

What’s the difference between “still“ and “yet“?
The difference between “still“ and “yet“ is that we use “still“ for something that is in progress at the moment, whereas we use “yet“ for something that has not begun or happened. We generally use “still“ in positive sentences, whereas we can use “could” instead of “would be able“ in conditional sentences.

Is it more comfortable to sleep lying down or sitting up?
It’s more comfortable to sleep lying down than sitting up.

Do you find it comfortable to sleep without a pillow?
No, I don’t find it comfortable; I find it uncomfortable.

If you went from London to Rome, which cities would you perhaps have to go through?
If I went from London to Rome, I would perhaps have to go through Paris, Milan etc.

When a teacher puts a cross next to an answer in a written test, what does it mean?
When a teacher puts a cross next to an answer in a written test, it means the answer is wrong.

Would you like to live dangerously like a detective: somebody like Sherlock Holmes, for example?
No, I wouldn’t like to live dangerously like a detective: somebody like Sherlock Holmes.

What should we do when somebody is dangerously ill?
When somebody is dangerously ill, we should immediately call an ambulance.

How can we correct our mistakes in our pronunciation?
We can correct our mistakes in our pronunciation by listening and speaking as much as possible.

As we have now studied about a thousand words and a lot of the grammar, can you hold a simple conversation in English?
Yes, as we have now studied about a thousand words and a lot of the grammar, I can hold a simple conversation in English.

As you are not tall enough to reach the ceiling, what would you have to do if you wanted to reach it?
As I am not tall enough to reach the ceiling, I would have to put a chair on the table and stand on the chair if I wanted to reach the ceiling.

Do you think the lives of the poor are happier than those of the rich?
No, I don’t think the lives of the poor are happier than those of the rich; I think they’re less happy.

Although you’re now able to hold a simple conversation in English, do you think you should keep studying?
Yes, although I’m now able to hold a simple conversation in English, I think I should keep studying.

Are some people always happy although they have problems in their lives?
Yes, some people are always happy although they have problems in their lives.

Do you think that all the countries of the world should be independent?
Yes, I think that all the countries of the world should be independent.

Do many European languages have their origins in Latin?
Yes, many European languages have their origins in Latin.

If a factory belonged to you, do you think you would be able to make a lot of money?
Yes, if a factory belonged to me, I think I would be able to make a lot of money.

What can we use instead of “would be able“ in conditional sentences?
We can use “could” instead of “would be able“ in conditional sentences.

Give me an example, please.
If I was a bird, I could fly.

If you were a doctor, would you be able to help people who were ill?
Yes, if I were a doctor, I could help people who were ill.

If you were as strong as a horse, could you lift a man above your head with only one hand?
Yes, if I were as strong as a horse, I would be able to lift a man above my head with only one hand.

What’s the difference between “still“ and “yet“?
We use “still“ for something that is in progress at the moment, whereas we use “yet“ for something that has not begun or happened.
We generally use “still” in positive sentences, whereas we generally use “yet” in questions and negative sentences.

4/25
Which do you think is less unpleasant: the dirt of the city or the dirt of the country, of the farm etc.?
I think the dirt of the farm is less unpleasant than the dirt of the city or the dirt of the country.

Would you be afraid to go round the world in a small, open boat?
Yes, I would be afraid to go round the world in a small, open boat.

What’s the best way to guard against becoming ill?
The best way to guard against becoming ill is to eat healthy food, sleep well and do exercise.

Must we be on our guard when we buy something from a man selling things in the street?
Yes, we must be on our guard when we buy something from a man selling things in the street.
Why?
Because maybe we won’t be able to find him again if there’s a problem with the thing we’ve bought.

What’s the opposite of “on your guard“?
The opposite of “on your guard“ is “off your guard.“

4/27
What’s another opposite of the verb “lose“ besides “find“?
Another opposite of the verb “lose“ besides “find“  is “win“.

When office workers are too busy to leave their desks for lunch, do they often just have a quick sandwich?
Yes, when office workers are too busy to leave their desks for lunch, they often just have a quick sandwich.

If a student makes a mistake in his dictation, is it usually his fault or the teacher’s fault?
If a student makes a mistake in his dictation, it’s usually his fault, but it could sometimes be the teacher’s fault.

Can we compare Michelangelo with Napoleon? 
No, we can’t compare Michelangelo with Napoleon.
Why not?
Because they were two completely different kinds of people, who did different things from each other.

What must two people or things have if we want to make a comparison between them?
If we want to make a comparison between two people or things, they must have something in common.

Do you care what people think or say about you? 
Yes, I care what people think or say about me.

4/28
What’s the difference between “for“ and “since“?
The difference between “for“ and “since“ is that we use the word “for“ when we say a period of time, whereas we use the word “since“ when we say the point at which the period began.

What’s the best way to calm somebody down when he’s very angry?
The best way calm somebody down when he’s very angry is to speak quietly and pleasantly to him.

In the 2nd conditional, we can use the verb “to be“ in the past simple and say “if I was", "if you were", "if he was" etc. or we can use “were“ for all persons and say “if I were", "if you were", "if he were" etc.
The second form is perhaps more common.

What are the two ways of forming the 2nd conditional with the verb “to be”?
The two ways of forming the 2nd conditional with the verb “to be” are “if I was” and “if I were”.

If there wasn’t a light in this room, would we be able to see well when it got dark?
No, if there wasn’t a light in this room, we wouldn’t be able to see well when it got dark; we would see badly.

Do you think that what you’re learning now will be useful to you later on in life?
Yes, I think that what I’m learning now will be useful to me later on in life.

Why should you not worry if you don’t immediately understand some of the grammar in this book?
I shouldn’t worry if I don’t immediately understand some of the grammar in this book because I will practise it again in other lessons, and I can study it at home.

4/30
What does the passive voice communicate?
The passive voice communicates that the subject receives the action.

How do we form the passive voice?
We form the passive voice with the verb “to be“ and a past participle.

🎏🎏🎏

We must remember to put the verb “to be“ in the right form.

例文：The pasta is eaten by John

John ate the pasta
➡️The pasta was eaten by John

John has eaten the pasta
➡️The pasta has been eaten by John

John will eat the pasta
➡️The pasta will be eaten by John

John is eating the pasta
➡️The pasta is being eaten by John

John was eating the pasta
➡️The pasta was being eaten by John

John would eat the pasta
➡️The pasta would be eaten by John

🎏🎏🎏

What do we call the part of a tree that’s in the land?
We call the part of a tree that’s in the land the roots.

5/1
If you want to go from one side of the road to the other, what must you do? 
If I want to go from one side of the road to the other, I must cross the road.

What must you do before crossing the road?
I must look both ways before crossing the road.

Do you like going on holiday on your own?
No, I don’t like going on holiday on my own; I prefer going in company.

When do people use the words “sir“ and “madam“? 
People use the words “sir“ and “madam“ to be polite when they are speaking to their customers in a shop, their officers in the army, or their teachers at school.

When do we use the words “gentleman“ and “lady“ instead of “man“ and “woman“?
We use the words “gentleman“ and “lady“ instead of “man“ and “woman“  when we want to sound polite.

Which two countries have the highest standards of living in the world?
... and ... have the highest standards of living in the world.

When do we use the expression “would you say“?
We use the expression  “would you say“  when we ask somebody for his opinion about something.

Would you say that a king’s life was better than that of the average man?
Yes, I’d say that a king’s life was better than that of the average man.

Which tense do we use after the expression “would you say“?
We use the past tense after the expression “would you say.“

What would you say was the best way to remember something? 
I’d say that the best way to remember something was to repeat it often.

5/2
What happens to grass if there’s no rain?
If there’s no rain, grass becomes yellow and then it dies.

If you got wet, what’d you have to do with your clothes?
If I got wet, I’d have to take my clothes off and hang them up to dry.

If your TV is turned up too loud, what do you do?
If my TV is turned up too loud, I turn it down.

When do we use a reflexive pronoun?
We use a reflexive pronoun when the subject and object are the same person or thing.

Do you think it’d be easy for me to teach myself Chinese?
No, I don’t think it’d be easy for you to teach yourself Chinese.

What’d you do if you saw a man trying to kill himself?
If I saw a man trying to kill himself, I’d try to stop him or call the police.

What do we carry to protect ourselves from the rain?
We carry an umbrella to protect ourselves from the rain.

What does the word “thorough“ mean?
The word “thorough“ means “complete.“

In which season of the year do people generally give their houses a thorough cleaning?
People generally give their houses a thorough cleaning in winter.

If you jumped into the sea, would you get thoroughly wet?
Yes, if I jumped into the sea, I’d get thoroughly wet.

What kind of things make you thoroughly tired?
The kind of things that make me thoroughly tired are hard physical work, studying a lot without a break, not enough sleep etc.

5/3
If you drove a car on the left-hand side of the road in America, instead of on the right, what’d happen? 
If I drove a car on the left-hand side of the road in America, I’d have an accident.

If you took something by accident that didn’t belong to you, what’d you do? 
If I took something by accident that didn’t belong to me, I’d return it.

Do people in your country usually carry on working after they reach the age of 65? 
Yes, people in my country usually carry on working after they reach the age of 65.

Give me a sentence with the words “at least“ in it. 
I’ve asked him at least six times and each time he has forgotten.
He didn’t do very well in the exam, but at least he passed.

5/4
Why are good manners so important in life?
Good manners are so important in life because they make life easier and more pleasant.

What do we mean when we say that somebody has the manners of a pig? 
When we say that somebody has the manners of a pig, we mean that they have very bad manners.

Do people in very hot countries dress in the same manner as people in very cold countries?
No, people in very hot countries don't dress in the same manner as people in very cold countries; they dress in a different manner.

What must we do in order to keep in good health?
In order to keep in good health, we must sleep well, eat healthy food, take plenty of exercise, not smoke etc.

What do you think is the purpose of living? 
I think the purpose of living is to be happy and to make others happy etc.

Are there any notices hanging up in the school?
Yes, there are notices hanging up in the school.

What’s the longest you’ve ever lain in bed for when you’ve been ill? 
The longest I’ve ever lain in bed when I’ve been ill is about 3 days.

What’s the difference between “to point at“ and “to point out“? 
The difference between “to point at“ and “to point out“ is that we use “to point at“ for the action of pointing the finger at an object, whereas “to point out“ means to indicate something among different things.

Point out the mistake in this sentence, please: “I’ve gone to the cinema this week“. 
We can’t say “I’ve gone to the cinema this week“; we must say “I’ve been to the cinema this week“.

5/7
In your country, do people visit their relatives’ graves? 
Yes, in my country, people visit their relatives’ graves.

What’s the difference between “may“ and “might“? 
The difference between “may“ and “might“ is that we cannot use “may“ in the 2nd conditional.

What might you see if you went to London? 
I might see Buckingham Palace, the Houses of Parliament, Trafalgar Square, Piccadilly Circus etc. if I went to London.
国会議事堂
トラファルガー広場
ピカデリー サーカス

What’s the difference between “arrive at” and “arrive in”? 
The difference between “arrive at” and “arrive in” is that we arrive at a point, whereas we arrive in an area.

If you arrived at a foreign airport without your passport, what might happen? 
If I arrived at a foreign airport  without my passport, I might not be able to enter the country.

5/10
Do you take pride in your work?
Yes, I take pride in your work.

If you were very rich, would you have servants in your house? 
Yes, if I were very rich, I’d have servants in your house.

Is everything we read in the newspapers true?
No, not everything we read in the newspapers is true; some things are true and some things are false.
Why do you think this is so?
I think maybe it’s because newspapers haven’t always got time to make sure that what they write is completely true.

Does it take longer to fly from here to Ireland than to go by train and ship? 
No, it doesn’t take longer to fly from here to Ireland than to go by train and ship; it takes less time.

What does the word “further“ mean?
The word “further“ means the same as “farther“, but it also means “in addition“ or “extra“.

Where’d you have to go if you wanted further information about train times at a station? 
I’d have to go to the information office if I wanted further information about train times at a station.

When do we use the present perfect?
We use the present perfect when we are thinking about time before and up to now.
Give me an example.
Mary cannot enter her flat because she has lost her key.
What does that sentence mean?
That sentence means that Mary does not know where her key is now because of losing it earlier today.

When do we use the past perfect?
We use the past perfect when we are thinking about time before and up to another point in the past.
Give me an example.
Mary could not enter her flat yesterday because she had lost her key.
What does that sentence mean?
That sentence means that Mary did not know where her key was yesterday because of losing it earlier in the day.

What’s the difference between these two sentences?
“I ate my dinner at 9 o’clock“ and “I had eaten my dinner at 9 o’clock“.
The difference between these two sentences is that “I ate my dinner at 9 o’clock“ means I started to eat my dinner at 9 o’clock, whereas “I had eaten my dinner at 9 o’clock“ means that my dinner was already finished at 9 o’clock.

When you began your lessons at this school, had you already studied some English or were you a complete beginner? 
When I began my lessons at this school, I had already studied some English.

5/12
Do you prefer to go on holiday with a friend or in a large party? 
I prefer to go on a friend.

What kind of things are you most mad about?
I’m most mad about music, films, sport etc.

If a friend told you they had seen a UFO, would you believe them or think they were going mad? 
If a friend told me they had seen a UFO, I’d believe them.

What happens if one pupil copies from another during an exam? 
If one pupil copies from another during an exam, he’s sent out of the room.

When you answer a question during a Callan lesson, should you simply copy what the teacher says? 
No, when I answer a question during a Callan lesson, I shouldn’t simply copy what the teacher says; I should try to answer the question without waiting to hear the words from the teacher first.

If you were given two copies of the same book for your birthday, what would you do?
If I were given two copies of the same book for my birthday, I’d give one to my friend.

Does the weather have a strong influence over you? 
Do you, for example, feel happy in good weather and unhappy in bad weather? 
Yes, the weather have a strong influence over me.

What do we mean by the under-developed countries of the world? 
By the under-developed countries of the world, we mean those with little industry, agriculture etc.

5/13
What do you do when you arrive at somebody’s front door in order to pay a visit? When I arrive at somebody’s front door in order to pay a visit, I knock on the door or ring the doorbell.

How do we sometimes form a noun from an adjective?
We sometimes form a noun from an adjective by adding the letters “ness“ to the adjective.

Which animals like to fetch sticks that you throw for them? 
Dogs like to fetch sticks that you throw for them.

What’s the reason for darkness at night?
The reason for darkness at night is that the world turns completely round every 24 hours.

Are you already able to speak English without making any mistakes? 
No, I’m not able to speak English without making any mistakes yet; I still make some mistakes.

5/14
Have you ever thrown anything away by mistake which was worth a lot of money?
No, I’ve never thrown anything away by mistake which was worth a lot of money.

Why do some people do dangerous sports in spite of the danger? 
Some people do dangerous sports in spite of the danger because they find them exciting.

Name some foods that are very popular despite being bad for the health. 
Some foods that are very popular despite being bad for the health are chocolate etc. 

Do you think it’s worth learning a foreign language in spite of the fact that it’s quite difficult? 
Yes, I think it’s worth learning a foreign language in spite of the fact that it’s quite difficult.

What words can we use instead of “anybody”, “somebody“ and “nobody“? 
Instead of “anybody“, “somebody“ and “nobody“, we can use “anyone“, “someone“ and “no one“.

Do you live in your own house (or flat), or does it belong to somebody else?
No, I don’t live in my own house (or flat); it belongs to my husband.

What do we use wire for?
We use wire to carry electricity, to connect things together etc.

What do we mean by a wireless internet connection? 
By a wireless internet connection, we mean that we can connect to the internet without connecting wires to our computer.

What can we say instead of “a wireless internet connection”? 
Instead of “a wireless internet connection”, we can say “Wi-Fi”.

Do some bars and cafés offer free Wi-Fi to their customers? 
Yes, some bars and cafés offer free Wi-Fi to their customers.

What’s a wall normally built of?
A wall is normally built of bricks.

Where do the words “as well“, “too“ and “also“ usually go? 
The words ”as well” and “too” go at the end of the sentence, but the word “also” usually goes after the first auxiliary verb.

When do we use the future continuous? 
We use the future continuous for an action that will be in progress at a particular time in the future.
Give me an example, please.
I will be sleeping at 4 o’clock tomorrow morning.

Where do you think you’ll be living in ten years’ time? 
I think I’ll be living here in ten years’ time.

5/17
How many centimetres make an inch?
About two and a half centimetres make an inch.

How many inches make a foot?
Twelve inches make a foot.

How many feet make a yard?
Three feet make a yard.

Is a yard longer than a metre?
No, a yard isn't longer than a metre; it’s shorter than a metre.

Consequently, when we run a hundred yards, do we run further than a hundred metres?
No, when we run a hundred yards, we don't run further than a hundred metres; we run less than a hundred metres.

What do we mean when we say someone is a chain-smoker?
When we say someone is a chain-smoker, we mean that he or she smokes one cigarette after another without stopping, like a chain.

What’d you do if this table slowly began to rise into the air without anybody touching it?
If this table slowly began to rise into the air without anybody touching it, I’d run out of the room.

What’s the difference between “allow“ and “let“?
The difference between “allow“ and “let“ is that “allow“ has the infinitive with “to“ after it, whereas “let“ has the infinitive without “to“ after it.

What sometimes happens when we let people borrow things that belong to us?
When we let people borrow things that belong to us, they sometimes don’t return them.

Do you think more people would kill each other if the law of the country let them?
No, I don’t think more people would kill each other if the law of the country let them.

Which is it right to say: “I was let“ or “I was allowed“?
It’s right to say “I was allowed“.
Why?
Because we cannot use “let“ in the passive voice.

Do you think it’s OK to let dogs run around loose, or do you think they should be kept on a chain? 
I think dogs should be kept on a chain.

Why do people in hot countries wear loose clothes? 
People in hot countries wear loose clothes to keep themselves cool.

Are there any loose stones on the road outside this school? 
Yes, there are some loose stones on the road outside this school.

How do blind people read?
Blind people read with special books made for them, which they can read by touching the words.

What words do we use when we ask for permission to do something?
We use “may“, “can“ or “could“ when we ask for permission to do something.

If you walked in the rain without carrying an umbrella or wearing a raincoat, what might happen?
If I walked in the rain without carrying an umbrella or wearing a raincoat, I’d get wet and might catch a cold.