１TOEFL重要・頻出単語を英語オンリーで学んでみる

タイトルは変更されましたが、前回、前々回の続きなのでそのまま使えます。

provide

verb

To supply
or
make something available.

・The company provides health insurance for its employees.

・I met the guy who provides fresh produce to the market.

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provision

noun（verb）

The act of supplying
or
making something available.
Also refers to the supplies
or
resources themselves.
while as a verb (less common)，
to supply with provisions
or
resources.
It can also be a verb in a specific context.

N・The provision of food and water was essential for the trip.

N・provision prices have risen year after year.

V・The army was provisioned with enough supplies for the campaign.

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merchant

noun

A merchant is …

a person or business
engaged in the buying and selling of goods,
typically on a larger scale. Merchants often trade in specific types of products,
such as clothing,
electronics,
or
food,
and
they can operate in various settings,
including
physical stores,
markets,
or
online platforms.



・The merchant sold spices and silk
in the busy marketplace.

・Online merchants have become increasingly popular
due to the rise of e-commerce.

・He didn't seem like a merchant ，at first .

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needle

noun



A thin,
pointed tool used in sewing. It typically has an eye (a small hole) at one end through
which thread is passed.

・She used a needle and thread
to mend the tear in her shirt.

・It might be just me ，I feel nerves when I handle needle.

Or Medical Needle.
A thin,
hollow instrument
used for injecting substances
into the body or drawing fluids out,
such as
in vaccinations or blood tests.

・The nurse used a needle to administer the vaccine.

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fasten

verb

Fasten means…
to securely attach,
close,
or fix something in place.
It involves making sure that
something is held firmly together
or
secured
so it doesn't move or come apart.

・She fastened her seatbelt before the car started moving.

・The carpenter used nails to fasten the boards together.

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object A

noun

An **object** is a tangible thing or entity
that can be perceived
by the senses or identified
within a particular space.
It can be anything from a physical item,
like a book or a chair,
to a more abstract concept,
like an object of study in a research project.

・The microscope was the primary object of study, critical for observing microorganisms.

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object B

verb

Object means…

to express or present opposition,
disapproval,
or disagreement to something,
often in response to a proposal,
action,
or statement.

・The scientist objected to the methodology used in the experiment,
citing potential biases in the data collection process.

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produce A

verb

Produce can be both a verb and a noun, with different meanings in each context


To create,
make,
or bring something into existence.
This can involve manufacturing goods,
generating ideas,
or growing crops.

・Plants produce oxygen through the process of photosynthesis.

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produce B

noun

Agricultural products,
especially fruits and vegetables
that are grown for consumption.
The verb form of "produce" is often used
to describe natural processes or the outcomes of experiments.

・The farmer brought fresh produce to the market,
including tomatoes, lettuce, and apples.

・My customer who come to us almost everyday are talking about their produces.

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progress A

noun

Progress can refer to both a process and the advancement toward a goal.

Progress often involves systematic advancements,
such as the development of new hypotheses,
the accumulation of data,
or the enhancement of methodologies.

As a verb，the forward or onward movement
toward a specific goal or the improvement
in a particular area over time.
In science,
progress often refers to the development
or refinement of theories,
techniques,
or technologies.

・The progress in gene editing technology
has revolutionized modern medicine.

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progress B

verb


To move forward,
improve,
or advance in a particular task,
project,
or field of study.

・The research team is progressing rapidly
in their study of climate change impacts.

・The research team is making rapid progress in studying the effects of climate change.

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finished

adj

Finished as an adjective means …
something that is complete,
fully done,
or brought to a final state.
It implies that no further work,
modification,
or addition is necessary or possible.

In a scientific or professional context,
"finished" often indicates that
a project,
experiment,
or process
has reached its conclusion,
with all intended objectives achieved
and no further actions required.

・The finished product was meticulously tested before being released to the market.

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alive

adj

Alive as an adjective
refers to something that is living,
functioning,
or existing.
It indicates that
an organism
or entity possesses life and is not dead.

In a Biological Context,
possessing life;
exhibiting the characteristics of life,
such as metabolism,
growth,
response to stimuli,
and reproduction.

In a Broader Context,
Actively functioning,
continuing to exist,
or being full of energy.

bio・The cells remained alive and active under the microscope,
allowing the researchers to observe their behavior in real time.


bro・The tradition remains alive in the community, passed down through generations."

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own

verb （from  TOEFL）

As a verb means
to have possession,
control,
or ownership of something.
When you own something,
it belongs to you,
and you have the rights
and responsibilities associated with it.

In a Legal/Professional Context,
to legally possess
or have title to property,
assets,
or intellectual property.
In professional and legal contexts,
"own" is crucial in defining property rights,
accountability,
and control over resources
or intellectual assets.

In a Broader Context,
to have control over
or be responsible for something,
whether it's physical objects,
ideas,
or tasks.

l/p・The company owns several patents for innovative technologies.

bro・She owns the responsibility for managing the project."

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recommend

verb

Recommend means…

to suggest or
endorse something as being suitable,
beneficial,
or worthy of consideration.
When you recommend something,
you are advising someone that
it is a good choice based on your knowledge or experience.

Recommendations are often based on data,
research,
or expert judgment,
making them important in decision-making processes.


In a Professional/Scientific Context,
to advise or suggest a course of action,
a method,
a product,
or a solution that is considered appropriate
or effective based on evidence,
expertise,
or analysis.

In a General Context,
to endorse
or suggest something to someone
as being a good option.

p/s・The researchers recommend further studies to confirm the efficacy of the new treatment.

bro・I recommend this book if you’re interested in learning more about quantum mechanics.

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diplomacy

noux

Diplomacy refers to …
the practice
and art of managing international relations
and negotiations between countries or groups.
It involves the use of communication,
negotiation,
and strategic decision-making
to resolve conflicts,
build alliances,
and advance national
or organizational interests without resorting to force.


The skill of handling sensitive situations
or people in a tactful and effective manner.

・She used diplomacy to mediate the disagreement between the two departments.

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rise

verb （from  TOEFL）
noun

As a verb or noun refers to an upward movement, increase, or the process of becoming more prominent or higher in position or status.

To move from a lower to a higher position,
level,
or state;
to increase in quantity, intensity, or power.

while as a noun,
an increase in level,
amount, or degree; the process of moving upward or becoming more prominent.

V・Global temperatures are expected to rise due to climate change.

N・The rise in sea levels poses
a significant threat to coastal communities.

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admirable

adj

Both term **Admirable** and **admire** are listed on TOEFL  text.

Admirable means …

something or someone
that is worthy of admiration or respect
due to its qualities,
achievements,
or characteristics.

・Her dedication to the research project was truly admirable, inspiring others in the field."

admire means…

to regard someone or something with respect,
pleasure,
or approval
due to their qualities,
achievements, or appearance.

・Many scientists admire her work in genetics for its groundbreaking contributions to the field.

"Admirable" might describe noteworthy achievements or qualities in research,
while "admire" expresses the recognition
or appreciation of such qualities by others.

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structure

noun

Structure can refer to the arrangement
or organization of parts in a system, object,
or concept,
and it is used across various fields,
from biology to architecture,
to describe how components are arranged and interact.

The arrangement and organization of parts
or elements in a complex system
or object.
It describes
how different components are organized to form a cohesive whole.

Structure often plays a critical role
in understanding how systems function,
whether it's the molecular structure of a compound,
the organizational structure of a corporation,
or the structural design of a building.

in biology
・The structure of DNA is a double helix,
consisting of two strands that twist around each other.

in Engineering
・The structure of the bridge
was designed to withstand heavy loads and high winds."

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observatory

noun

Observatory is a facility
or location equipped with instruments designed for observing
and studying natural phenomena,
particularly in the fields of astronomy and meteorology.

Observatories are crucial in scientific research,
providing valuable data
that advances our understanding of the universe
or Earth's atmospheric conditions.

ast・The Mauna Kea Observatory in Hawaii is
one of the most advanced astronomical observatories
in the world,
allowing scientists to study distant galaxies.

met・The meteorological observatory collects data
on temperature,
humidity,
and wind speed to help forecast the weather.

ちなみに、ownは「所有する、自身」という意味ですが、小説などで、「私自身、今の感情に困惑している」などにI own I feel…のようにも使われるようです。

覚えておくと便利かもしれませんね。

参考文献

神部孝　TOEFLテスト英単語3800 旺文社　2014

TOEFL TEST必須英单語5600
Master 5600 of the frequently tested words on the TOEFL TEST with lists, passages, and CD's
TOEFLiBT TEST 対策決定版
林功　ベレ出版　2011