英検１級２次試験オピニオンピース

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注意！！
これを丸暗記することは断固としておすすめしません。
これを覚えたとしても合格は厳しいですし、考える過程が本当に大事です。恥ずかしながら文法・表現の誤りもたくさんあると思います。
アイディアがどうしても思い浮かばないときに「そういや、かめっていうやつがなんか書いてたな、みてみるか」って覗くぐらいにとどめておいてくださいね。

自分のメモをそのままコピペしただけなので読みにくいかと思いますが、、
ちょっと面倒くさくて笑　許してください(_ _)

便利なフレーズ

人間は生来変化を恐れる生き物である

Humans are naturally afraid of making changes and this cannot be helped because this instinct has been developed in the process of evolution in order to survive in a severe environment.

いろいろな問題の解決策は市民の教育

The most important thing is educating people and letting them know the seriousness of these problems.
 Humans are greedy by nature and politicians are not willing to adopt policies that do not directly make economic benefits.
 Citizens' voices have a huge impact on changing these politicians’ attitudes, so we should keep an eye on what they are doing, also we should always be ready to criticize them when they do wrong.
 In order to achieve this, we should be always interested in political issues and keep studying them.

何が問題なのかわからないままだったら行動に起こそうとしないから
理由を知る必要がある

knowing why it is bad is the most important process of solving many kinds of problems and taking them into action.

教育

教育の大事さ

Education enables us to live happy healthy lives.
When we know and learn new things, we can see things from a different point of view,
and sometimes helps us to come up with new ideas and can solve problems.
and this enriches and broadens our lives.
Also, if we teach someone what we learned in the past, it can make others’ lives better.
Education plays a fundamental role in the development of every aspect, like technology, economics, and science.
Education improves our quality of life and eventually, it leads to the development of society in general.
Education is the only way ~~

問題解決・問題意識を持つきっかけになる

Education is one of the best ways to let everyone know about the

子供への教育がもたらすメリット

Children are one of the important resources for the future of all nations.
Better support and education for children will lead to the development of technology and science, and eventually, it could improve the society and economy as well.
The quality of education for children is regarded as an important point when considering the wealth and power that the nations have.
Spending more time and money to make our children more intelligent and knowledgeable is the greatest investment we can make.

子供への悪影響がもたらすデメリット

Children are easily affected by the environment that they are living in.
Some research has shown that a child’s brain is not completely developed until the individual’s mid-20s, so they can’t make an adequate decision from good to bad.
They simply take what they see and hear as a natural thing, so their surroundings contribute to the formation of their humanity and character.
It is not an exaggeration to say that the future of children is determined by the environment they grow up.
If they are exposed to bad things in their childhood like violence and crimes, it remains deep in their memories and could harm them for the rest of their lives.
 So, providing better support and education for children is important.

生命の尊さ、大切さとは

Nothing is more important than lives.
Although it’s important to improve a child’s academic skills like science and math, there are many things that are more essential than those like not bullying others, not lying even if it is a small thing, and being honest at all times.
Everyone has a right to live when they were born, and we have a responsibility to do something good for others and help others as long as we live in a community.
Everyone plays an important role in this society, and all people can be important and essential for others, so if someone got hurt and even passed away, it would drive more people to sadness and grief.
So, no one should be treated without respect or dignity.

教師、親の役割とは

Children simply take what their parents and teachers do as a natural thing, so the behavior of adults largely contributes to the formation of their humanity and character.
Some researchers have shown that child’s brain is not completely developed until the individual’s mid-20s, so they can’t make an adequate decision from good to bad.
So, the role of parents and teachers is to teach children what is good and what needs to be avoided.
Although it’s important to improve a child’s academic skills like science and math, there are many things that are more essential than those like not bullying others, not lying even if it’s a small thing, and being honest at all times.
Adults are responsible for teaching these things by showing how they behave to others. 

大学の必要性

The importance of going to a university is that it provides us opportunities to meet new people.
We can make friends that is valuable for rest of their lives, and this kind of interaction is helpful for getting a good job after graduation.
 

大学の不必要性

Many university students in Japan have a hard time paying back their scholarships.

自然環境

増え続ける世界の人口

The world population is growing at an alarming and unsustainable rate.
Experts estimate that the ideal population for humans on earth is under 2 billion people,
but there are already 8 billion people on the planet.
In addition, the world population is expected to be around 10 billion by 2050.
The exploitation of resources and excessive cultivation is already taking place, and this causes multiple and sophisticated problems whole around the world.
Unless we find some solutions to stop these problems, the earth would completely collapse, and we can no longer live on this planet.

代替エネルギー

Some researchers have shown that we do have enough technologies to generate enough power from renewable energies,
but most politicians and citizens do not willingly stop consuming fossil fuels.

地球温暖化

Climate change is becoming a serious problem these days and many nations began to adopt policies to solve this, but the changes are not enough.
 Some researchers have shown that we do have enough technologies to generate enough power from renewable energies,
but most politicians and citizens do not try to stop consuming fossil fuels.
 Some experts estimate that if we continue using the same amount of fossil fuels that we do now, the average temperature will likely increase by 5 degrees by 2100.
 Most crops cannot grow in this hot climate, and more areas will suffer from droughts.
 This could lead to the loss of millions of lives.
 Humans are naturally afraid of making changes and this cannot be helped because this instinct has been developed in the process of evolution in order to survive in a severe environment.
 However, all people need to be aware of the seriousness of this problem and take some changes to stop climate change.

世界的な問題になっている環境問題

Large-scale pollution and deforestation are commonly conducted by large companies that dominate the whole market.
 For example, the deforestation of amazon rainforests is largely the responsibility of large food companies
that harvest cheap palm oils by creating a plantation.
 Harvesting plants on the plantation is very convenient for those large companies because they can produce a huge number of crops at low costs.
 However, this causes things like pollution of wildlife areas and the extinction of many creatures.
 This huge-scale destruction of nature is problematic because it cannot be recovered in a few decades.
 We must realize what we have done and contributed to the destruction in our daily lives.

社会問題

プライバシーを守るメリット

Protecting privacy is vital because when privacy rights are violated, humans feel vulnerable, insecure, and afraid.
 Because criminals and terrorists can use those private information for many purposes,
 like stealing money by using someone’s credit cards and kidnap or even kill someone to cause a wide spread fear in a population.
 Prevent this and protecting the mental health of people is crucial for the government to make sure that their citizens can live a happy healthy life.

プライバシーを守るデメリット

If everyone has more privacy, then criminals and terrorists will have more privacy too.
 This would make it easier for them to organize attacks without being noticed.

文化の重要性

Culture plays a fundamental role in our daily lives, and we rely on traditions mentally to some degree, so culture has a value in itself,
 but protecting culture is important because it contains the time and efforts that old people made to preserve it and keep it for the next generation.
If some cultures were destroyed, it means that we are wasting the time and efforts that our ancestors made, and it could be a huge loss.
Also, we can learn a lot of new things from studying cultures, and those can help us in many situations, so it is important to protect cultures.

食の安全性の低下

The world population is increasing, and more people are buying cheap foods, large food industries develop new forms of production.
 For example, some food companies introduce the system of mass production that can produce huge amount of food at low costs.
 Farmers use GM foods and chemical fertilizers for the same reason, although the safety has not been clearly revealed.
 Also, many people are living in a busy society, and they don’t have enough time and money to take care of their diet.
 In other words, modern society forces people to buy cheap fast food that doesn’t have enough nutrition.
 This directly affects the health of humans, so more attention should be paid to the safety of food.

現代における働き方の多様性

The way of working has been diversified these days.
 Thanks to the development of technology, we are now able to work from everywhere outside of the office, and it makes employees' lives better.
They don’t need to commute to work and don’t need to travel for meetings with other companies and customers.
 Through these things, we can spend more time on more important things like family, hobbies, and doing something good to improve our health.
 This new style of work definitely improves the quality of life in modern days.

日本の女性の権利

Japanese women clearly have fewer opportunities than men.
 The number of women in executive positions at companies is embarrassingly low in Japan compared to other developed countries.
 According to a recent study, only about 10% of management positions at Japanese companies were held by women and only 1% of senior executive-level positions.
 Also, Japan has one of the worst levels of political gender equality among other countries, including both China and North Korea.
 Discriminatory policies are not likely to change unless women have more representation in politics.

日本の高齢化

Japan is facing a super-aging society with low birth rates.
There are many problems that the Japanese government has to deal with.
Firstly, The social security system should be reformed to fit this population structure.
 The younger working population must do all the work to support the older generation and they are inevitably forced to work unreasonable hours.
 On the other hand, elderlies receive expensive medical indurance and pensions.
 Unless this system be changed, Japanese social security will completely collapse.
 Adopting lenient immigration policies and abolishing the retirement age would solve this problem.
 Also, society should be made to be friendly to elderlies.
 Some elderlies have physical problems like their muscle have becoming weak and they have a difficulty in reading small letters.
 To reduce the barriers like this, universal designs should be adopted especially in public places.

LGBT

The number of people who reveal that their sexuality is different from their biological gender is increasing
and the issues related to the LGBT communities are attracting a great amount of attention these days.
In order to adapt to the changes like this, society should be made to be friendly to those LGBT members.
 For example, they feel uncomfortable using restrooms in public places and confused when they are asked like are you a male or a female.
Also, some politicians are openly aggressive towards those LGBT members.
These are clearly discrimination, and society should protect these minorities from those attacks.

多様性がなんで重要か

Diversity is important in every aspect.
For example, diversity provides us opportunities to learn and know new things, and this enables us to see things from a different point of view.
This helps us to come up with new ideas and solve problems, and all new technologies and scientific findings are created like this.
This is one of the reasons that diversity is valuable.
Plus, when we think it broader,
All animal creatures live on diversity and it supports whole ecosystems, like genetic diversity and species diversity,
so, it is just unreasonable for humans like not accepting the racial diversity.

多様性における社会のあり方

Everyone should try to accept the difference of others and all society should be open to minorities.
All people should be free from any kinds of threats, both physically and mentally. 

広告

Many advertisements are designed to make people feel bad about themselves.
For example, advertisements like hair removal, plastic surgery and diet products are all around us.
It affects a lot especially for young people, and it unconsciously make them feel that they should always care for how they are looked by others and how they are evaluated by their appearance.
 This forces them to overly self-conscious about their bodies and sometimes drives them to the excessive weight loss.
 This has been linked to an increase in eating disorders such as anorexia, which is one of the most serious mental illnesses.
 This kind of lookism is becoming a big trend of SNS these days, so

テクノロジー

インターネット、スマホの利点

We can communicate with others even if we are in a distant place.
We can collect new information from all over the world.
The Internet allows us to learn new things at low costs.
This means that people who suffer from poverty have more opportunities to acquire valuable skills like web design and programming and be able to live a normal life.

インターネット、スマホの欠点

Studies have revealed that smartphone use can be addictive for some people.
A lot of people are unable to maintain a normal lifestyle without access to their smartphones because they have become so dependent on them.
This can often harm interpersonal relationships, and it can cause problems for people’s health.
Also, there is always a possibility that private personal information can be leaked when using the internet.
Those information can be used for crimes like fraud, so we should be more careful when we use the internet.

SNSの利点

By using SNS, we can interact with others, and we can discuss topics we are interested in.
Through this process, we can know and learn new things, and sometimes it helps us to come up with new ideas and solve problems.
SNS enables us to meet new people that we cannot do by only living in this real life.

SNSの欠点

SNS allows us to interact with new people online, but it can sometimes be dangerous.
For example, we can be deceived into a meeting with a kidnapper or a swindler and can easily get involved in a crime.
Also, there are too much fake news and aggressive information on the SNS, so we are easily harmed by those information.
In addition, we can easily be attacked by someone because people use SNS anonymously and some people send aggressive comments without any responsibility.
People tend to become mentally ill by using SNS too much.

AIの利点

Less time is spent on simple, repetitive tasks.
All languages can be instantly translated by computers so we can communicate with foreigners even if we don’t know each other’s languages.

AIの欠点

Though artificial intelligence has many potential benefits, the risk is too great.
If a computer program or a robot became more intelligent than all of the people on the planet, then stopping it would be virtually impossible.
Such a program may decide to limit the freedom of humans.
In the worst case, it may decide to kill all of the humans on the planet.
Many governments are already developing AI for military purposes, so there is always a possibility that terrorists and corrupt governments use AI to kill innocent people.
Many simple jobs have been taken place by AI, and people who engaged in these jobs were fired because many companies want to cut production costs, and they don’t need to pay salaries for robots.
Companies have no reason to keep heiring people and pay expensive salaries when robots can do the same job at cheap costs.
This increases the unemployment rate and led to the decline of the economy.

サイバー犯罪について

With the development of the internet, cyber-attacks can easily be conducted.
In fact, cyber-attacks have already taken place at nuclear facilities in Korea and Iran.
We should dedicate more resources to improving defenses against cyber-attacks.

政治経済

経済の活性化

The activation of the economy is the greatest benefit of this.
When the economy grows, governments can make better policies that improve the quality of all citizens’ lives.
For example, better support for childcare, medical insurance, and more opportunities for education.
More people can live happy wealthy lives in this society, and this would lead to the increase of advantages that the nations have.
It can also attract a lot of tourists and companies from abroad and contribute to the improvement of the economy even more.

貧困の拡大

When we suffer from poverty, it clearly harms our health both mentally and physically, so poverty should be eliminated as much as possible.
In addition, increase of poverty also gives many negative impacts on society.
For example, some research have shown that the number of crimes increases in a poor society.
Also, the economy stagnates because more people hesitate to buy things when they are in poverty.
The decline of economy would lead to more people become poverty, and these problems will become bigger and bigger.
The spread of poverty would eventually destroy the social order.
Also, poor people’s human rights are sometimes invaded, and they are forced to live in a vulnerable and insecure place.
The government has a responsibility to protect all citizens so poverty should be eliminated as much as possible.
The most serious thing of poverty is that, once we get poverty, it is very difficult to get out from poor and return to a normal life.
The process of becoming poverty is like this.
Someone doesn’t have enough opportunities for education, and can’t acquire valuable skills, then they have no choice but to work with low paying jobs that don’t require special skills.
And if they have a child, those children don’t have enough opportunities for education as well, so the cycle of misfortune is created like this.
So, in most cases, the responsible of poverty is mostly came from the environment they grow up.
At this point, there should always a remedy and support for poor people that enables them to escape from poverty.

格差の拡大

The enlargement of the economic gap between the rich and the poor has many negative impacts on society.

グローバル化のメリット［もろもろ］

Thanks to globalization, many people can interact with others from different countries.
By communicating with foreigners, we can touch with other cultures and know new ways of thinking.
This makes people more accepting of the differences, and this can decrease the conflicts that occur from the difference between tribes and religions.
Also, diversity sometimes helps us to come up with new ideas and solve problems.
 All new technologies and scientific findings are created like this.
 So globalization is an essential part of the evolution of humans.

グローバル化のデメリット［経済］

Because of globalization, all markets become more competitive, and companies are forced to make products at cheap costs.
As a result, some companies don’t pay enough salaries to workers, and they can’t even live a normal lifestyle.
This is a kind of an invasion of human rights.
In addition, more unskilled workers were unemployed, and instead, companies use AI and robots because they don’t need to pay for them.
These things lead to an increase in poverty, and this is becoming a serious problem.

メディアの役割

The role of the media is to crack down on corruptions made by companies and politicians.
Humans are greedy by nature, so media is needed to supervise and control humans’ bad desire and stop it from happening.
At this point, media should always inform facts that what is happening on, and they should always be unbiased, honest, and free from government and sponsor controls.
Also, media provides us opportunities to think about social issues that we face in this modern society, like politics, environments, and human rights.
This makes discussions, and eventually, our society will become better.
At this point, media is an important tool for educating citizens.

テロリズムについて

Thanks to advances in technology, people around the world can share news and information in seconds.
This means that a small terrorist attack can instantly be shared with billions of people.
The goal of a terrorists is to cause a widespread fear in a population, so as globalization continues, it will become even easier for terrorists to get media coverage.
Also, more people depend on the internet and almost all of the information are stored there, terrorists with IT skills like hackers can cause a huge damage with only a small effort.

世界平和

Humans are greedy by nature, and this cannot be helped because this is one of the instincts that all kinds of animal have in order to survive in a severe environment.
However, humans are the only creature that can empathies with others, and in the process of evolution, people learned to cooperate with each other and help each other in their communities.
As a result, human civilization could have been developed for thousands of years.
However, some people only concentrate on making their own benefits, and don’t hesitate to harm or even kill someone in other to satisfy their desire.
This leads to the destroy of world peace and eventually, human civilizations would also come to the end.

金が中心の社会

Most people in this society place high priority on making economical benefits.
Because of this, more important things can easily be dismissed, like environmental problems and human rights.
I agree that money is important for our lives, but I feel that more people are forgetting more important things like conserving nature and protecting human rights.
Even if we have a huge amount of money, it doesn’t always mean that we can be happy.

戦争の悲惨さ

War derives everything from us.
Any kinds of war that lead to kill someone should not be allowed.
We all should learn from the past, realize how horrible the war is, and keep it to next generations.
Knowing about what mistakes humans have been made and learning from it is the most effective way to prevent it from happening again.

貧困国と富裕国

There are many worldwide problems that disturb the development of poor countries.
One of the biggest problems is the destruction of nature including climate change.
Those are mostly caused by the technological development of developed countries, but most damage are occurring at developing countries and they are more likely to become victims of those problems.
For example, a huge-scale-deforestation of nature, like deforestation of amazon rain forests is conducted by developed countries as a process of mass production.
These problems clearly disturb the development of poor countries.
Secondly, because of the globalization, poor countries are directly affected by the consumption of developed countries.
 Most products that we use today is produced in developed countries like Vietnam and Thailand.
So, if we buy products at extremely cheap cost, it means that only a few amounts of salaries are paid to people of those developing countries.
This kind of exploitation of labor force is becoming common these days, and this is clearly a violation of human rights for poor countries’ citizens.
This also prevents their development.