好きな英語表現#13 Figure of Speech

英語が身近になればなるほど英語が好きな人が増えるのではないかと思い、 私が好きな English Quotes や English Phrases を紹介することにしました。 こちらは My Favorite English Phrases (私が好きな英語表現集)です。

好きな英語表現は色々あるけれど、13個目はコレ。
Figure of Speech。
そのまま訳すと「話の形」だけど、合ってる様で合っていない。
どんな意味？

a form of expression (such as a simile or metaphor) used to convey meaning or heighten effect often by comparing or identifying one thing with another that has a meaning or connotation familiar to the reader or listener

Figure of speech | Merriam Webster

any intentional deviation from literal statement or common usage that emphasizes, clarifies, or embellishes both written and spoken language. Forming an integral part of language, figures of speech are found in oral literatures as well as in polished poetry and prose and in everyday speech. Greeting-card rhymes, advertising slogans, newspaper headlines, the captions of cartoons, and the mottoes of families and institutions often use figures of speech, generally for humorous, mnemonic, or eye-catching purposes. The argots of sports, jazz, journalism, business, politics, or any specialized groups abound in figurative language.
…In European languages, figures of speech are generally classified in five major categories: (1) figures of resemblance or relationship, (2) figures of emphasis or understatement, (3) figures of sound, (4) verbal games and gymnastics, and (5) errors. The first category comprises simile; metaphor; kenning (a concise compound or figurative phrase replacing a common noun, especially in Old Germanic, Old Norse, and Old English poetry), as in “whale-path” or “swan road” for “sea,” or “God’s beacon” for “sun”; conceit (usually a simile or metaphor that forms an extremely ingenious or fanciful parallel between apparently dissimilar or incongruous objects or situations), as in the Petrarchan conceit, which was popular with Renaissance writers of sonnets, a hyperbolic comparison most often made by a suffering lover of a beautiful beloved to some physical object—e.g., lips to cherries; parallelism (wherein phrases, sentences, and paragraphs are arranged so that they balance one element with another of equal importance and similar wording), as in Francis Bacon’s essay “Of Studies”: “Reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man”; personification; metonymy; synecdoche; and euphemism (using a mild word or group of words instead of one that is unpleasant or offensive), as in “passed away” instead of “died.”

Figure of speech | Britannica

日本語にすると比喩表現。10種類あります。

直喩（simile）
隠喩（metaphor）
擬人法（personification）
オノマトペ（onomatopoeia）
撞着語法（oxymoron）
誇張法（hyperbole）
緩叙法（litotes）
慣用句（idiom）
頭韻法（alliteration）
引喩（allusion）

英語でよく使われる比喩表現 | Indeed

シンプルに言うと、言葉を文字どおりの意味以外 で使うこと。
例えば、美味しいもの。心に美味しい。目に美味しい。
例えば、犬が好きな私が誰かの事を犬みたいと言う（100％好感度あり）と真逆にとらえる人（犬野郎？これでも私には可愛く聞こえる）もいる。

言葉の難しさは、
発言をそのまま受け取ってもらえるのか、
文字通りの意味でうけとってもらいたいのか、
意図したものが伝わっているのか
聞いて確かめたくても本心を明かしてもらえるかわからない。
だからこそのコミュニケーション。

言った事をそのままストレートに受け止めてくれる人が一番楽。
どんな Figure of Speech を使っても、わかってくれる人はわかってくれる。

Figure of Speechが好きな理由？
言葉遊びは楽しいから。
遊び方は人それぞれ。