ScrumGuide(2020)に出てくる英単語

スクラムガイド2020に出てくる英単語のまとめと、日本語版スクラムガイドの翻訳の意味がとりずらいところの原文を抽出。

スクラムガイド　https://scrumguides.org/
スクラムガイド日本語訳（https://scrumguides.org/download.html）

devise [dɪvάɪz]

考案する、工夫する
As Scrum is being used, patterns, processes, and insights that fit the Scrum framework as described in this document, may be found, applied and devised.

nutshell [ˈnʌtʃel]

木の実
in a nushell 簡潔に言えば、要するに
In a nutshell, Scrum requires a Scrum Master to foster an environment where:～

employ [ɪmplˈɔɪ]

用いる、使用する（雇用する）
Various processes, techniques and methods can be employed within the framework.

foster [fˈɔːstɚ]

育成する、世話する

purposefully [pə́ːrpəsf(ə)li]

目的を持って、故意に
the collective intelligence 集合知
The Scrum framework is purposefully incomplete, only defining the parts required to implement Scrum theory.

efficacy [éfɪkəsi]

効果のある事、効き目
the relative efficacy 相乗効果
Scrum makes visible the relative efficacy of current management, environment, and work techniques, so that improvements can be made.

empiricism [eˈmpɪrʌsìzm]

経験主義
Scrum is founded on empiricism and lean thinking.

lean [líːn]

体を乗り出す、寄りかかる
lean thinking リーン思考

assert [ʌˈsɜ:t]

力説する、強く主張する

predictability [prɪˌdɪktʌˈbɪlɪti]

予測性（→predict [prɪdíkt] 予言する、予報する）
Empiricism asserts that knowledge comes from experience and making decisions based on what is observed.

expertise [èkspɚ(ː)tíːz]

専門的技術、ノウハウ

emergent [ɪmˈɚːdʒənt]

出現する、新興の
the emergent process 創発プロセス
←→Linear Process 線形（直線的）プロセス
The emergent process and work must be visible to those performing the work as well as those receiving the work.

perceive [pɚsíːv]

知覚する、認める、気づく
With Scrum, important decisions are based on the perceived state of its three formal artifacts.

diminish [dɪmínɪʃ]

減らす

diligent [dílədʒənt]

勤勉な
cf. diligently [ˈdɪlʌdʒʌntli] 一生懸命

undesirable [`ʌndɪzάɪ(ə)rəbl]

望ましくない、不快な
←→desirable [dɪzάɪ(ə)rəbl] 望ましい、好ましい

variances [ˈvɛriʌnsɪz]

分散、相違、変動
cf. variance [vé(ə)riəns] 相違、不一致、食い違い、不和、敵対、分散
The Scrum artifacts and the progress toward agreed goals must be inspected frequently and diligently to detect potentially undesirable variances or problems.

provoke [prəvóʊk]

怒らせる、引き起こす、刺激してさせる、火がつく
Scrum events are designed to provoke change.

deviate [díːvièɪt]

それる、逸脱する
If any aspects of a process deviate outside acceptable limits or if the resulting product is unacceptable, the process being applied or the materials being produced must be adjusted.

proficient [prəfíʃənt]

熟練した

reinforce [rìːɪnfˈɔɚs]

補強する

undermine [ˈʌndɝˌmaɪn]

秘かに傷つける、いつの間にか害する（坑道を掘る）
The decisions that are made, the steps taken, and the way Scrum is used should reinforce these values, not diminish or undermine them.

embody [ɪmbάdi]

具体化する、体現する

cohesive [koʊhíːsɪv]

密着する、結合力のある
It is a cohesive unit of professionals focused on one objective at a time, the Product Goal.
If Scrum Teams become too large, they should consider reorganizing into multiple cohesive Scrum Teams, each focused on the same product.

nimble [nímbl]

素早い、動きの速い
The Scrum Team is small enough to remain nimble and large enough to complete significant work within a Sprint, typically 10 or fewer people. 

typically [típɪkəli]

典型的に、一般に

consistency [kənsístənsi]

一貫性、整合性

vary [vé(ə)ri]

変える、多様にする（自：変わる）
The skills will vary with the domain of work スキルは仕事の領域によって変わる
How this is done may vary widely across organizations, Scrum Teams, and individuals.
（※日本語版訳「組織・スクラムチーム・個人によって、その方法はさまざまである。」）

Instill [ɪnˈstɪl]

注入する

adhere [ædhíɚ]

くっつく、付着する
Instilling quality by adhering to a Definition of Done;
（※日本語版訳「完成の定義を忠実に守ることにより品質を作りこむ」）

explicit [eksplísɪt]

明白な、はっきりした

ensure [ɪnʃˈʊɚ]

確実にする、保証する
The Product Owner ensures that attendees are prepared to discuss the most important Product Backlog items and how they map to the Product Goal. 

convince [kənvíns]

確信させる、納得させる
The Product Owner may represent the needs of many stakeholders in the Product Backlog.Those wanting to change the Product Backlog can do so by trying to convince the Product Owner.
（※日本語版訳「プロダクトオーナーは、多くのステークホルダーのニーズをプロダクトバックログで表している場合がある。ステークホルダーがプロダクトバックログを変更したいときは、プロダクトオーナーを説得する」）

effectiveness [ɪˈfɛktɪvnʌs]

有効性、効力
The Scrum Master is accountable for the Scrum Team’s effectiveness.
（※日本語版訳「スクラムマスターは、スクラムチームの有効性に責任を持つ」）

causing [ˈkɑzɪŋ]

(結果を生み出す)原因
causing cohesion 結合を引き起こす
Causing the removal of impediments to the Scrum Team’s progress;

adoption [ədάpʃən]

採用されること

The Scrum Master serves the organization in several ways, including: Leading, training, and coaching the organization in its Scrum adoption

enact [ɪnˈækt]

制定する、実行する
Helping employees and stakeholders understand and enact an empirical approach for complex work

prescribe [prɪskrάɪb]

定める、規定する、指示する
as prescribe 規定通り
Failure to operate any events as prescribed results in lost opportunities to inspect and adapt.

optimal [άptəm(ə)l]

最上の、最適の

cumulative [kjúːmjʊləṭɪv]

累積する
cumulative flow 累積フロー
Various practices exist to forecast progress, like burn-downs, burn-ups, or cumulative flows.

initiate [ɪníʃièɪt]

始める、創始する
initiate a plan 案を新たに立てる
Sprint Planning initiates the Sprint by laying out the work to be performed for the Sprint.

decompose [dìːkəmpóʊz]

分解する
This is often done by decomposing Product Backlog items into smaller work items of one day or less.

Daily Scrum
The purpose of the Daily Scrum is to inspect progress toward the Sprint Goal and adapt the Sprint Backlog as necessary, adjusting the upcoming planned work.
（※日本語版訳「デイリースクラムの目的は、計画された今後の作業を調整しながら、スプリントゴールに対する進捗を検査し、必要に応じてスプリントバックログを適応させることである」）

discretion [dɪskréʃən]

自由裁量、思慮分別
at my own discretion 私の一存
How this is done is at the sole discretion of the Developers.

consequently [kάnsɪkwèntli]

その結果

eliminate [əlímənèɪt]

除去する、排出する
Daily Scrums improve communications, identify impediments, promote quick decision-making, and consequently eliminate the need for other meetings.

adaptation [`ædæptéɪʃən]

適応、改造
The purpose of the Sprint Review is to inspect the outcome of the Sprint and determine future adaptations.

interaction [ìnṭɚˈækʃən]

相互作用
Rather than provide people with detailed instructions, the rules of Scrum guide their relationships and interactions.

astray [əstréɪ]

道に迷って、道からそれて
Assumptions that led them astray are identified and their origins explored.

Scrum Artifacts
Scrum’s artifacts represent work or value. They are designed to maximize transparency of key information. Thus, everyone inspecting them has the same basis for adaptation.
（※日本語版訳「スクラムの作成物は、作業や価値を表している。これらは重要な情報の透明性を最大化できるように設計されている。作成物を検査する人が、適応するときと同じ基準を持っている。」）

Product Backlog
The Product Backlog is an emergent, ordered list of what is needed to improve the product. It is the single source of work undertaken by the Scrum Team.
（※日本語版訳「プロダクトバックログは、創発的かつ順番に並べられた、プロダクトの改善に必要なものの一部である。これは、スクラムチームが行う作業の唯一の情報源である。」）

deem [díːm]

思う、見なす
Product Backlog items that can be Done by the Scrum Team within one Sprint are deemed ready for selection in a Sprint Planning event.

precise [prɪsάɪs]

精密な、正確な
Product Backlog refinement is the act of breaking down and further defining Product Backlog items into smaller more precise items.

fulfill [fʊlˈfɪl]

満たす、果たす
The rest of the Product Backlog emerges to define “what” will fulfill the Product Goal.

additive [ˈædəṭɪv]

付加的な
Each Increment is additive to all prior Increments and thoroughly verified, ensuring that all Increments work together.
（※日本語版訳「インクリメントはこれまでのすべてのインクリメントに追加する。また、すべてのインクリメントが連携して機能することを保証するために、徹底的に検証する必要がある。」）

appropriate [əpróʊprièɪt]

充当する（形：適した、最適な）
appropriate for ～に適切
If it is not an organizational standard, the Scrum Team must create a Definition of Done appropriate for the product.

mutual [mjúːtʃuəl]

相互の、共通の

comply [kəmplάɪ]

応じる、従う
If there are multiple Scrum Teams working together on a product, they must mutually define and comply with the same Definition of Done.

herein [hɪˈrɪn]

ここの中に
as outlined herin ここで概要を書いたように

immutable [ì(m)mjúːṭəbl]

不変
The Scrum framework, as outlined herein, is immutable.