Hypercalcemia - 高カルシウム血症 -

1) Increased Ca mobilization from bone or absorption in intestine
1-1) Increased PTH or PTHrP activity
・Primary Hyperparathyroidism (Parathyroid neoplasia)
・ Humoral Hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) : lymphoma, several carcinoma
・Humoral Hypercalcemia of benign disorders (canine schistosomiasis) VERY RARE

1-2) Increased Vitamin D activity (hypervitaminosis D)
・Exogenous vitamin D
・Endogenous vitamin D (Granulomatous inflammation)

1-3) Neoplasia in bone

2) Decreased urinary excretion of Ca
2-1) Renal failure
2-2) Hypoadrenocorticism in dogs and cats (Azison’s disease)
2-3) Thiazide diuretics

3) Increased protein bound Ca : hyperglobulinemia in multiple myeloma

4) Other or unknown mechanism
・Excess intravenous infusion of Ca
・Hemoconcentration
・Hypothyroidism (juvenile onset)
・Retained fetus and endometritis in a dog
・Idiopathic hypercalcemia in cats

✔︎ The Ca ion concentration in healthy young dog (<1yr old, especially in large breeds) may be up to 2mg/dL higher than the Ca concentration references intervals for mature dogs.

H : Hyperparathyroidism
A : Azison’s disease
R : Renal failure
D : Vitamin D toxicosis
I : Idiopathic (cats)
O : Osteolysis
N : Neoplasia
S : Spurious
G : Granulomatosis