海外留学したいけど、TOEFLのスコアが足りない人のための英語～リスニング編③-2～
歌って絵を描くTOEFL講師の水月むつみです。
海外留学したい人のために、TOEFLのスコアアップの英語術や留学について書いています。
TOEFLのリスニングは先生が一人でずっと話している講義を聴き取る問題と、先生と学生さんがやりとりしているのを聴き取る問題の２種類がありますが、先生が一人で話す講義の問題をやっています。
最初に出るのはこんな場面。
導入部分はこんな感じでした。
【スクリプト】
OK. If we're going to discuss goodness and justice - what makes an individual good or a society just or virtuous - then we need to start with the ancient Greeks. So we'll start with Plato - Plato's philosophy. Now, some of you may have studied Plato's philosophy in some other course, so this might be easy. OK. At the risk of boring you, let me give you just an overview of Plato's ethical theory. Plato says the soul has - and by "soul" he simply means that which animates the body, gives it life - anyway, he says that the soul has three parts … called, um "faculties," which I'll come back to. He believed that goodness in an individual was to be found when the three parts of the soul worked together, when they weren't in conflict, but existed in harmony. A good or just person will have a soul in which the three faculties work well together.
プラトン哲学の中で、魂(Soul)には3つの部分があるという話で、正しい人や徳のある人はそれらが調和しているというところから、どういう話につながっていくのか？
続きはこんな風です。
前回はこの音声を聞いてみてくださいというところで終わりましたが、スクリプトはこういう風になります。
【スクリプト】
So how does he arrive at that analysis? Well, he starts out in his very famous work The Republic, um he starts out by saying it's very difficult to get a grasp on what the individual's soul looks like. So, to get some idea of what the individual human soul is like, he says we should study the structure of society - what kinds of people and activities every society has to have. He argues that every society has to have three groups of people : workers, soldiers, and leaders. And each has a sort of defining characteristic.
Every society has to have workers like farmers or, um, people who work in factories, producing all the things that we need for everyday life. And according to Plato, the key feature of workers is that they're focused on their own desires or appetites- interested in satisfying the needs of the body. So workers are associated with desire … OK?
解説は以下のメモを見ながら、こちら↓の音声をお聞きください。
単語:
analysis 分析
The Republic 『国家』
grasp つかむ、理解
Plato プラトン
feature 特徴
appetite 食欲
satisfy 満足させる
a sort of 〜 ある種の
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