英語長文問題クエスト Part 26 (テーマ：化学)

英語の読解力を伸ばすには多読が必須！特に、TOEFL ibt というテストでは、かなり高度な読解力が必要ですし、何より、このTOEFL ibt という試験が難しいことの理由の１つに、日本語でも勉強していないアカデミックな内容の文章が出題されることです。
このクエストを進めれば、英語の読解力と知識を同時にアップデートさせられるでしょう！
さぁ、今日のクエストを進めてみましょう！

Passage

Solution is a term that refers to a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, where one substance (the solute) is dissolved in another substance (the solvent). Solutions are ubiquitous in chemistry and biology, and they play an essential role in many industrial and biological processes.

One important property of a solution is its concentration, which is defined as the amount of solute present in a given volume of solution. Concentration can be expressed in a variety of ways, such as molarity, molality, weight percent, volume percent, and parts per million. The choice of concentration unit depends on the specific application and the nature of the solute and solvent.

Another important property of a solution is its colligative properties, which are properties that depend only on the concentration of solute particles in the solution, and not on the identity of the solute particles. Examples of colligative properties include freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, and osmotic pressure. These properties are important in many applications, such as in the freezing and thawing of biological samples, and in the production of pharmaceuticals and other industrial products.

Solutions can be classified into several types, including solid solutions, liquid solutions, and gaseous solutions. Solid solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more solids, where the atoms or molecules of one solid are dispersed in the atoms or molecules of another solid. Liquid solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more liquids, where the molecules of one liquid are dispersed in the molecules of another liquid. Gaseous solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more gases, where the molecules of one gas are dispersed in the molecules of another gas.

The process of dissolving a solute in a solvent is an example of a physical change, as it does not result in a chemical reaction between the solute and solvent. However, the properties of a solution can be influenced by the chemical nature of the solute and solvent, such as the strength of the intermolecular forces between them.

In conclusion, solutions are an important class of materials that play a vital role in many areas of science and technology. Their properties, such as concentration and colligative properties, are essential for understanding their behavior and applications. The study of solutions is an active area of research, and new insights into their properties and behavior continue to be discovered.

Questions

1. Which of the following best defines concentration?
   A. The amount of solvent present in a given volume of solution.
   B. The amount of solute present in a given volume of solution.
   C. The number of colligative properties present in a given solution.
   D. The amount of intermolecular forces between solute and solvent.

2. Which of the following is an example of a colligative property?
   A. The color of a solution.
   B. The boiling point of a solution.
   C. The chemical reactivity of a solution.
   D. The pH of a solution.

3. Which of the following is not a concentration unit?
   A. Molarity.
   B. Weight percent.
   C. Density.
   D. Parts per million.

4. Which of the following is not a type of solution?
   A. Solid solution.
   B. Liquid solution.
   C. Gaseous solution.
   D. Aqueous solution.

5. Which of the following is a colligative property that is important in the production of pharmaceuticals?
   A. Freezing point depression.
   B. Density.
   C. Chemical reactivity.
   D. pH.

6. Which of the following is a colligative property that is important in the freezing and thawing of biological samples?
   A. Boiling point elevation.
   B. Osmotic pressure.
   C. Density.
   D. pH.

7. Which of the following best describes a solid solution?
   A. A homogeneous mixture of two or more solids.
   B. A homogeneous mixture of two or more liquids.
   C. A homogeneous mixture of two or more gases.
   D. A heterogeneous mixture of two or more solids.

8. Which of the following best describes a liquid solution?
   A. A homogeneous mixture of two or more solids.
   B. A homogeneous mixture of two or more liquids.
   C. A homogeneous mixture of two or more gases.
   D. A heterogeneous mixture of two or more liquids.

9. Which of the following best describes a gaseous solution?
   A. A homogeneous mixture of two or more solids.
   B. A homogeneous mixture of two or more liquids.
   C. A homogeneous mixture of two or more gases.
   D. A heterogeneous mixture of two or more gases.

10. Which of the following is a property of a solution that can be influenced by the chemical nature of the solute and solvent?
    A. Concentration.
    B. Colligative properties.
    C. Intermolecular forces.
    D. Homogeneity.

Answers and Explanations