ChatGPTPlus をエッセイ執筆機械にする

ジョブスの講演を気の利いた明晰なエッセイにChatGPTPlusで書き換える

さて、ちょっと面白いことをやってみたい。
松井 勇人さんが次のビデオをFacebookで紹介していた。

スティーブジョブス「誰もが日本製が良いと思うのは何故か？」【Apple元CEO】

スピーチの文字起こし文

The group of people that do not use quality in their marketing are Japanese. You never see them using quality in their marketing. So only the American companies that do. And yet, if you ask people on the street which products have the best reputation for quality, they will tell you the Japanese products. Now, why is that? How could that be? The answer is because customers don’t form their opinions on quality from marketing. They don’t form their opinions on qulity from who won the Deming Award or who won the Baldridge Award. They form their opinions on quality from their own experience with the products or the services. And so one can spend enormous amounts of money on quality. One can win every quality award there is. And yet, if your products don’t live up to it, customers will not keep that opinion for long in their minds.

さて、この文章は口語の書き起こしである。これをできるだけ上質の書き言葉の英語エッセイにChatGPTをつかって書き換えていきたい。

ステップ1：

　論述（argument)構造を当てはめてみる。

英語の論文の世界に明確な論述の仕組みを持ちこんだのはSteven Toumlinであり、彼のモデルはToumlin Modelとして広く使われていて、英語の論文執筆の手法を50年ほど前から根本的に変えてしまったと言われている。（この言葉については　「ChatGPTをエッセイ執筆機械にする：用語集」のノートを参考にしてもらいたい。）まずは上記のエッセイをToulminモデルで分析してみよう。

okude: can you analyze the essay based on Toulmin model of argumentation:

ChatGPT：

The argument presented in the essay can be analyzed based on the Toulmin Model of Argumentation, which includes six components: claim, grounds, warrant, backing, qualifier, and rebuttal.

Claim: The claim presented in the essay is that Japanese companies do not use quality in their marketing.

Grounds: The grounds for this claim are that the author has not seen Japanese companies using quality in their marketing. On the other hand, American companies use quality in their marketing.

Warrant: The warrant for the argument is that Japanese products are still perceived to have the best reputation for quality despite not using quality in their marketing.

Backing: The backing for the argument is that customers form their opinions on quality based on their own experience with the products or services, rather than on marketing or awards.

Qualifier: The qualifier in the argument is that one can spend a lot of money on quality and win every quality award, but if the products do not live up to it, customers will not keep their positive opinion for long.

Rebuttal: There is no clear rebuttal presented in the essay, but one could argue that the lack of quality in Japanese marketing may be due to cultural differences or other factors, rather than a deliberate choice.

Overall, the essay presents a clear argument using the Toulmin Model, emphasizing the importance of customer experience over marketing and awards in forming opinions on quality.

ステップ2：　

Show and Tell 記述モデルで書き直してみる。

この分析はまあうまく出来ている。でこの分析をもとに、このままだと文章になっていないので、Show　and Tell（用語集参照）という小学生の作文の手法でも分析して比較してもらうことにした。

okude: can you compare and analyze in detail both Toulmin model and show and tell method?

ChatGPT:
Toulmin model and show and tell method are two different approaches to argumentation and communication. While the Toulmin model is a formal framework for analyzing arguments, show and tell is a communication strategy for presenting information.

Toulmin Model: The Toulmin model is a framework for analyzing arguments that consists of six elements: claim, grounds, warrant, backing, qualifier, and rebuttal. The claim is the main argument or thesis statement, the grounds are the evidence or data to support the claim, the warrant is the logical reasoning or principle connecting the grounds to the claim, the backing is the further evidence or support for the warrant, the qualifier is the degree of certainty or generalizability of the claim, and the rebuttal is the consideration of possible objections or counterarguments. The Toulmin model provides a structured approach to building and evaluating arguments, allowing for a more detailed analysis of the different components of an argument.

Show and Tell Method: The show and tell method is a communication strategy that combines visual aids with spoken descriptions to convey information or explain concepts. In this method, the presenter first shows a visual aid, such as a picture, diagram, or object, to the audience and then explains it in words. This strategy allows the audience to see and understand the object or concept more clearly, enhancing the learning or persuasive effect. The show and tell method is commonly used in educational settings for teaching young children, but it can also be used in other contexts, such as business presentations or marketing.

Comparison and Analysis: While the Toulmin model and show and tell method are different approaches to argumentation and communication, they share some similarities in their emphasis on clarity, structure, and persuasion. Both approaches aim to convey information or ideas effectively and convincingly to the audience or reader. However, the Toulmin model is more focused on analyzing the logical structure and validity of an argument, whereas the show and tell method is more focused on presenting information in a memorable and engaging way. The Toulmin model provides a systematic framework for building and evaluating arguments, while the show and tell method provides a creative and interactive way to communicate ideas. Both approaches have their own strengths and weaknesses, and their effectiveness depends on the context, audience, and purpose of communication.

ステップ3
Toulmin model と　Show and Tellを混ぜて使う

okude: can you write an essay using both Toulmin model and show and tell method based on the following draft:　？

ChatGPT: In this essay, I will be using both the Toulmin model and the show and tell method to analyze and explain the argument that Japanese companies do not use quality in their marketing, yet their products are perceived to have the best reputation for quality.

Toulmin Model: Claim: Japanese companies do not use quality in their marketing. Grounds: Author has not seen Japanese companies using quality in their marketing, while American companies do. Warrant: Japanese products are still perceived to have the best reputation for quality despite not using quality in their marketing. Backing: Customers form their opinions on quality based on their own experience with the products or services, rather than on marketing or awards. Qualifier: One can spend a lot of money on quality and win every quality award, but if the products do not live up to it, customers will not keep their positive opinion for long. Rebuttal: The lack of quality in Japanese marketing may be due to cultural differences or other factors, rather than a deliberate choice.

Show and Tell Method: To illustrate the argument presented in the essay, let's consider the example of two companies, one Japanese and one American, both selling the same product. The Japanese company does not use any quality messaging in their marketing, while the American company emphasizes their product's high quality in their advertising.

When customers encounter both products in the market, they may be inclined to choose the Japanese product, even though they were not influenced by any quality messaging. This is because the customers' past experience with Japanese products has led them to believe that Japanese products are of high quality.

For instance, let's show and tell the audience a comparison of two laptops, one made by a Japanese company and the other by an American company. The Japanese laptop does not have any marketing material that promotes its quality, while the American laptop is marketed as being of the highest quality. However, if the customer had a positive experience using the Japanese laptop in the past, they may still choose it over the American laptop, even though it is not marketed as a high-quality product.

Conclusion: Using the Toulmin model and show and tell method, we have analyzed the argument that customers do not form their opinions on quality from marketing, but rather from their own experiences with products or services. While Japanese companies may not use quality in their marketing, their products are still perceived to have the best reputation for quality due to positive past experiences. This emphasizes the importance of delivering high-quality products and services, rather than relying solely on marketing and awards.

Show and Tellといったので、For instance と口火をきって、America 製のLaptopと日本製のLaptopの比較を導入してきている。これは微妙だね。クルマだとそう言えるが、日本のラップトップ市場はApple とDellのマーケティング戦略に負けた。とはいえ、例を持ち出そうと自分でしているところは結構注目だ。

大分形になってきたので、これまでをふまえて一つのエッセイを書いてもらうことにした。

ステップ4
Toulmin model だけを使ってエッセイを書く。

okude: can you write a single essay using the following draft: Toulmin Model:

ChatGPT: Claim: Japanese companies do not use quality in their marketing. Grounds: Author has not seen Japanese companies using quality in their marketing, while American companies do. Warrant: Japanese products are still perceived to have the best reputation for quality despite not using quality in their marketing. Backing: Customers form their opinions on quality based on their own experience with the products or services, rather than on marketing or awards. Qualifier: One can spend a lot of money on quality and win every quality award, but if the products do not live up to it, customers will not keep their positive opinion for long. Rebuttal: The lack of quality in Japanese marketing may be due to cultural differences or other factors, rather than a deliberate choice. Show and Tell Method: To illustrate the argument presented in the essay, let's consider the example of two companies, one Japanese and one American, both selling the same product. The Japanese company does not use any quality messaging in their marketing, while the American company emphasizes their product's high quality in their advertising. When customers encounter both products in the market, they may be inclined to choose the Japanese product, even though they were not influenced by any quality messaging. This is because the customers' past experience with Japanese products has led them to believe that Japanese products are of high quality. For instance, let's show and tell the audience a comparison of two laptops, one made by a Japanese company and the other by an American company. The Japanese laptop does not have any marketing material that promotes its quality, while the American laptop is marketed as being of the highest quality. However, if the customer had a positive experience using the Japanese laptop in the past, they may still choose it over the American laptop, even though it is not marketed as a high-quality product. Conclusion: Using the Toulmin model and show and tell method, we have analyzed the argument that customers do not form their opinions on quality from marketing, but rather from their own experiences with products or services. While Japanese companies may not use quality in their marketing, their products are still perceived to have the best reputation for quality due to positive past experiences. This emphasizes the importance of delivering high-quality products and services, rather than relying solely on marketing and awards.

Japanese companies are often known for their high-quality products, but interestingly, they do not typically use quality in their marketing. This claim can be analyzed using the Toulmin Model of Argumentation.

Grounds for this claim include the fact that the author has not seen Japanese companies using quality in their marketing, while American companies frequently do. This warrant leads to the conclusion that Japanese products are still perceived to have the best reputation for quality despite not using quality in their marketing.

Backing for this argument highlights that customers form their opinions on quality based on their own experience with the products or services, rather than on marketing or awards. This means that while American companies may emphasize their product's quality in advertising, customers may still choose the Japanese product due to their positive past experiences with Japanese products.

However, a qualifier is needed for this argument: One can spend a lot of money on quality and win every quality award, but if the products do not live up to it, customers will not keep their positive opinion for long. This means that while marketing and awards may bring attention to a product, it is ultimately the customer's experience with the product that determines their opinion on its quality.

A possible rebuttal to this argument is that the lack of quality in Japanese marketing may be due to cultural differences or other factors, rather than a deliberate choice. For example, Japanese culture may place a greater emphasis on modesty and understatement, which could explain why Japanese companies do not typically use quality in their marketing.

To illustrate the argument presented in the essay, we can use the show and tell method. Let's consider the example of two companies, one Japanese and one American, both selling the same product. The Japanese company does not use any quality messaging in their marketing, while the American company emphasizes their product's high quality in their advertising.

When customers encounter both products in the market, they may be inclined to choose the Japanese product, even though they were not influenced by any quality messaging. This is because the customers' past experience with Japanese products has led them to believe that Japanese products are of high quality.

For instance, let's show and tell the audience a comparison of two laptops, one made by a Japanese company and the other by an American company. The Japanese laptop does not have any marketing material that promotes its quality, while the American laptop is marketed as being of the highest quality. However, if the customer had a positive experience using the Japanese laptop in the past, they may still choose it over the American laptop, even though it is not marketed as a high-quality product.

In conclusion, we have analyzed the argument that Japanese companies do not use quality in their marketing, yet their products are perceived to have the best reputation for quality. By using the Toulmin Model of Argumentation and the show and tell method, we have demonstrated that customers form their opinions on quality based on their own experiences with the products or services, rather than on marketing or awards. This highlights the importance of delivering high-quality products and services, rather than relying solely on marketing and awards to determine a product's reputation for quality.

どうも文章がいきいきしていない。同じ事をトゥールミンモデルを使わないで書いてもらうことにした・

ステップ5
Toulmin model 用語を使わないでエッセイを書く。

okude: can you rewrite the following draft to the essay without any Tuolmin model vocabulary: (文章　同じなので略）

ChatGTP: Japanese companies are widely known for their ability to produce high-quality products. Interestingly, they do not typically use quality as a marketing tool. This is in contrast to American companies who frequently use quality in their marketing strategies. Despite the lack of explicit quality messaging in Japanese marketing, Japanese products are still highly regarded for their quality.

Customers tend to base their opinions on quality primarily on their experiences with products or services. This means that the positive reputation of Japanese products is likely due to customers' positive past experiences with them, rather than any specific marketing efforts.

It is important to note that even though a company may invest heavily in quality and win numerous quality awards, customers will only maintain a positive opinion of the product if it truly delivers on its promises. The customer's experience with the product is the most important factor in shaping their opinion of its quality.

One possible explanation for the lack of quality messaging in Japanese marketing is cultural differences. Japanese culture values modesty and understatement, which may make explicitly marketing a product's quality go against cultural norms.

In conclusion, Japanese companies are highly regarded for their ability to produce high-quality products, despite not using quality as a marketing tool. Customer experiences with products and services play the most significant role in shaping their perception of quality, rather than marketing or awards. Cultural differences may also play a role in the lack of quality messaging in Japanese marketing.

かなり上手い文章だな。翻訳してみよう。
Okude　please translate the following essay into Japanese.

日本企業は高品質の製品を製造することで広く知られています。興味深いことに、彼らは通常、マーケティングに品質を使用しません。これは、アメリカ企業が品質をマーケティング戦略で頻繁に使用するのとは対照的です。日本のマーケティングには、明示的な品質のメッセージがなくても、日本の製品は品質が高く評価されています。

顧客は、製品やサービスとの経験に基づいて、品質に関する意見を形成する傾向があります。これは、日本の製品の好評価は、顧客が過去に良い経験をしたことに起因する可能性が高く、特定のマーケティング努力に起因するものではないことを意味します。

多額の資金を品質に投資し、多数の品質賞を受賞したとしても、顧客は約束を実際に果たす製品にのみ肯定的な意見を維持します。顧客の製品体験が品質の意見形成に最も重要な要因です。

日本のマーケティングで品質のメッセージが少ない理由の1つは、文化の違いです。日本文化では、控えめさや控えめさが重視されており、明示的に製品の品質をマーケティングすることは文化的な規範に反する可能性があります。

結論として、日本企業は品質をマーケティングツールとして使用しないにもかかわらず、高品質の製品を製造することで高く評価されています。顧客の製品やサービスとの経験が品質の認識を形成する上で最も重要な要因であり、マーケティングや受賞に頼ることはありません。文化の違いも日本のマーケティングで品質のメッセージが少ない原因の1つとなっています。

いいねえ。このくらい書けたらAだな。

ところで、最初のビデオの英語トランスクリプションをChatGPT で翻訳すると下記のようになる。

品質をマーケティングに使用しない人々のグループは、日本人です。日本企業が品質をマーケティングに使用しないのに対し、品質をマーケティングに使用するのはアメリカ企業だけです。しかし、路上の人々に、品質が最高であると思われる製品について尋ねると、彼らは日本製品と答えます。それはなぜでしょうか？どうしてそうなるのでしょうか？答えは、顧客が品質についての意見をマーケティングから形成しないからです。彼らはデミング賞を受賞した人やバルドリッジ賞を受賞した人から品質についての意見を形成しません。彼らは自分自身が製品やサービスを使用する経験から品質についての意見を形成します。したがって、品質に莫大な金額を費やしたり、あらゆる品質賞を受賞したとしても、製品がその期待に応えなければ、顧客はその意見を長く持続させないでしょう。

一読して何の事か解らないだろう。実際にビデオを視聴すると、このような意味ではなくて最終的な翻訳のような意味で理解できる。それは身体とか声の調子とかが明晰な文章を構成する様々な要素の替わりに使われているからである。ChatGPTには身体がないのでここを読み取ることは難しい。声をただ文章にしたものには論述の構造も明確ではないし、論理も事例も適切に並べられてはいない。だが声の調子や身体のジェスチャーで我々はこうしたコミュニケーションの枠組みを受け取って、それを前提に理解をおこなっているのだ。こうした生きた表現に人間とのやり取りをとおして音声の文字トランスクリプトを変換していく作業をいとも簡単におこなうChatGTPはなんとも頼もしい論文執筆の相棒である。
（この項　完）