【アメリカのお酒メモ③】ワインに関する英語まとめ

1. ワインの成分

酒石酸: tartrate(酒石自体はtartrate crystals)
ポリフェノール: polyphenols (a group of pigmented chemical compounds contained in grape's skin)

2. 製造工程

<赤ワイン>
ブドウーー(破砕 crushing)ーー>果実・果皮・種子(マセラシオン maceration)ーー(発酵 fermentation)ーー(搾汁 juice extraction)ーー>液部分ーー(発酵 fermentation)ーー>ワインーー(熟成 maturing)ーー(blend)ーー>瓶詰

※マセラシオンの過程で色素(anthocyanins)が果汁に移り(color extraction)、一度目の発酵でアルコールの増加とともに温度が上昇し、tanninsが溶出する(tannin extraction)。

<白ワイン>
ブドウーー(破砕 crushing)ーー(搾汁 juice extraction)ーー>果汁ーー(発酵 fermentation)ーー>ワインーー(熟成)ーー(blend)ーー>瓶詰

3. 見た目 appearance

色調 hue

赤ワイン: inky, purple, violet, red, ruby, garnet, mahogany, brick, orange, amber, brown.
白ワイン: colorless, greenly yellow, pale yellow, lemon, straw, gold, old gold, amber, brown.
ロゼワイン: pale red, rose, salmon pink, onion skin, orange.

透明度を表す単語 clarity

clear, limpid, hazy, muddy, cloudy, turbid.
関係する単語:澱(オリ) sediment

明るさを表す単語 brightness

特に白ワインに使う単語。赤ワインについては、loustrous(光沢がある)か否かは重要。
radiant, lustrous, luminous, vivid, lively, bright, lacklustre, dull, flat.

色味の深さを表す単語 depth

opaque(くすんだ), deep, dark, dense, pale, light, weak, watery.

粘度 viscosity

When you tilt the grass, "tears" or "legs" would occur, and they are related to alcoholic strength and sugar content.(どちらも粘度を増す方向に作用する。)

4. 匂いを表す単語 smell

For Red Wine

  • Fruity - berry type: strawberry, raspberry, redcurrant((アカフサ)スグリ), blueberry, blackberry, cassis

  • Fruity - with large seeds: plum, prune, apricot, red cherry, black cherry, peach

  • Fruity - with small seeds: acerola, muscat grape, raisin, rum raisin, fig(イチジク)

  • Fruity - tropical: mango, banana, pineapple, passion-fruit 

  • Fruity- citrus: orange, etc.

  • Floral: jasmine, rose, violet(スミレ), pink lily

  • Vegetal: mint, eucalyptus(ユーカリ), asparagus, onion, pine, green or black olive, truffle, hay(干し草), tea, tobacco, bruised leaf(枯葉)

  • Spicy: black pepper, white pepper, cinnamon, clove, nutmeg(ナツメグ), cumin(クミン), licorice, aniseed, vanilla

  • Nut: almond, hazelnut, walnut(クルミ)

  • Burnt: smoky, caramel, chocolate, coffee, brioche, toast

  • Micro-organism: yeast(酵母), yogurt, sour cream, cheese

  • Animal: blood, game(猟獣), leather

For White Wine

  • Fruity - citrus: lime, lemon, grapefruit, yuzu, orange, etc.

  • Fruity - with large seeds: white peach, yellow peach, apricot

  • Fruity - with small seeds: apple, green apple, pear(洋梨), Chinese quince(カリン), quince(マルメロ), muscat grape, raisin, fig

  • Fruity - tropical: mango, papaya, lychee, banana, pineapple, passion-fruit

  • Floral: acacia, jasmine, white rose, white lily

  • Vegetal: grassy, mint, asparagus, onion, pine, green or black olive, truffle, hay, tea, tobacco

  • Spicy: black pepper, white pepper, cinnamon, cumin, licorice, aniseed, vanilla

  • Nut: almond, hazelnut, walnut

  • Burnt: smoky, caramel, cacao, chocolate, coffee, brioche, toast

  • Micro-organism: yeast, yogurt, sour cream, cheese

その他の単語

種類: grape-variety smells, smells from vinification (ブドウの発酵), smells from barrel-aging, bouquet smell from bottle-age
悪臭 pong

5. 味を表す単語 

酸味 acidity
渋み tannin / astringency

6. ワインの種類

貴腐ワイン: wine made with grapes affected with noble rot

7. その他の用語

ブドウ栽培: viticulture

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