【アメリカのお酒メモ③】ワインに関する英語まとめ
1. ワインの成分
酒石酸: tartrate(酒石自体はtartrate crystals)
ポリフェノール: polyphenols (a group of pigmented chemical compounds contained in grape's skin)
2. 製造工程
<赤ワイン>
ブドウーー(破砕 crushing)ーー>果実・果皮・種子(マセラシオン maceration)ーー(発酵 fermentation)ーー(搾汁 juice extraction)ーー>液部分ーー(発酵 fermentation)ーー>ワインーー(熟成 maturing)ーー(blend)ーー>瓶詰
※マセラシオンの過程で色素(anthocyanins)が果汁に移り(color extraction)、一度目の発酵でアルコールの増加とともに温度が上昇し、tanninsが溶出する(tannin extraction)。
<白ワイン>
ブドウーー(破砕 crushing)ーー(搾汁 juice extraction)ーー>果汁ーー(発酵 fermentation)ーー>ワインーー(熟成)ーー(blend)ーー>瓶詰
3. 見た目 appearance
色調 hue
赤ワイン: inky, purple, violet, red, ruby, garnet, mahogany, brick, orange, amber, brown.
白ワイン: colorless, greenly yellow, pale yellow, lemon, straw, gold, old gold, amber, brown.
ロゼワイン: pale red, rose, salmon pink, onion skin, orange.
透明度を表す単語 clarity
clear, limpid, hazy, muddy, cloudy, turbid.
関係する単語:澱(オリ) sediment
明るさを表す単語 brightness
特に白ワインに使う単語。赤ワインについては、loustrous(光沢がある)か否かは重要。
radiant, lustrous, luminous, vivid, lively, bright, lacklustre, dull, flat.
色味の深さを表す単語 depth
opaque(くすんだ), deep, dark, dense, pale, light, weak, watery.
粘度 viscosity
When you tilt the grass, "tears" or "legs" would occur, and they are related to alcoholic strength and sugar content.(どちらも粘度を増す方向に作用する。)
4. 匂いを表す単語 smell
For Red Wine
Fruity - berry type: strawberry, raspberry, redcurrant((アカフサ)スグリ), blueberry, blackberry, cassis
Fruity - with large seeds: plum, prune, apricot, red cherry, black cherry, peach
Fruity - with small seeds: acerola, muscat grape, raisin, rum raisin, fig(イチジク)
Fruity - tropical: mango, banana, pineapple, passion-fruit
Fruity- citrus: orange, etc.
Floral: jasmine, rose, violet(スミレ), pink lily
Vegetal: mint, eucalyptus(ユーカリ), asparagus, onion, pine, green or black olive, truffle, hay(干し草), tea, tobacco, bruised leaf(枯葉)
Spicy: black pepper, white pepper, cinnamon, clove, nutmeg(ナツメグ), cumin(クミン), licorice, aniseed, vanilla
Nut: almond, hazelnut, walnut(クルミ)
Burnt: smoky, caramel, chocolate, coffee, brioche, toast
Micro-organism: yeast(酵母), yogurt, sour cream, cheese
Animal: blood, game(猟獣), leather
For White Wine
Fruity - citrus: lime, lemon, grapefruit, yuzu, orange, etc.
Fruity - with large seeds: white peach, yellow peach, apricot
Fruity - with small seeds: apple, green apple, pear(洋梨), Chinese quince(カリン), quince(マルメロ), muscat grape, raisin, fig
Fruity - tropical: mango, papaya, lychee, banana, pineapple, passion-fruit
Floral: acacia, jasmine, white rose, white lily
Vegetal: grassy, mint, asparagus, onion, pine, green or black olive, truffle, hay, tea, tobacco
Spicy: black pepper, white pepper, cinnamon, cumin, licorice, aniseed, vanilla
Nut: almond, hazelnut, walnut
Burnt: smoky, caramel, cacao, chocolate, coffee, brioche, toast
Micro-organism: yeast, yogurt, sour cream, cheese
その他の単語
種類: grape-variety smells, smells from vinification (ブドウの発酵), smells from barrel-aging, bouquet smell from bottle-age
悪臭 pong
5. 味を表す単語
酸味 acidity
渋み tannin / astringency
6. ワインの種類
貴腐ワイン: wine made with grapes affected with noble rot
7. その他の用語
ブドウ栽培: viticulture
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