English abstracts of my papers

The three papers listed below have abstracts reviewed by native English speakers.

1.

Tanaka, Hideo (2015). Some issues about the term 'congruence' and the solutions proposed by Gendlin [in Japanese]. The Japanese Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 33(1), 29-38.

Abstract: It is generally said that Carl Rogers came to emphasize the "congruent" attitude of the therapist through the Wisconsin Project. On the other hand, Eugene Gendlin, despite being one of the most important theorists of the project, rarely uses the term "congruence" in his works. In this article, the author clarified how Gendlin saw the term "congruence" as a problem and how he resolved the problem, on the bases of his early primary work "Experiencing and the Creation of Meaning." With this clarification, the author sets out to explore how to prevent the misuse of the word "match" in Focusing.

2.

Tanaka, Hideo & Ikemi, Akira (2016). Two streams in the early period of Focusing: the sources of the Experiencing Scales and Focusing instructions [in Japanese]. Psychologist: Bulletin of the Kansai University Graduate School of Clinical Professional Psychology, 6, 9-17.

Abstract: Carl Roger's group conducted two types of research studies that motivated Eugene Gendlin (1981) to advocate Focusing: 1. "Success in therapy correlated not with what the clients talked about, but with how they talked." 2. "Success or failure in therapy could be predicted from the early interviews." In fact, these two types of research studies were derived from different streams conducted by researchers who preceded Gendlin. The first type of research study above is the source of the Experiencing scales, and the second type of study is the source of Focusing instructions. In this article, the author attempts to show how Gendlin developed these two streams, merging them together to form what is now called "Focusing".

3.

Tanaka, Hideo (2021). Tapping 'it' lightly and the short silence: applying the concept of 'direct reference' to the discussion of verbatim records of Focusing sessions. In Nikolaos Kypriotakis & Judy Moore (Eds.), Senses of Focusing, Vol. 1 (pp. 125-38). Eurasia Publications.

Abstract: This chapter distinguishes words that do not represent the quality of the felt sense such as ‘this feeling’ or ‘it’ from those that represent the quality of the felt sense, through examining the core meaning of Eugene Gendlin’s theoretical term direct reference (Gendlin, 1962/1997). By applying this distinction to the discussions of some verbatim records from "Focusing-Oriented Psychotherapy" (Gendlin, 1996) and "The Focusing Student's Manual" (Cornell, 1994), the author clarifies the difference between the focuser’s act of referring directly to the felt sense from the focuser’s acts of getting and resonating a handle. The author discusses the appropriateness of the listener’s responses depending on these different acts of the focuser from a theoretical perspective.