ðåœæ°ãèªããè¡
Tyrants
ã¯ãè±èªã§ãæŽåããšããæå³ã®åè©ã§ããäžè¬çã«ããã®èšèã¯äžæ£ãªæ段ã䜿ã£ãŠæš©åãæ¡ããä»è
ã匷å¶ãæ¯é
ãã人ã
ãæããŸãã圌ãã¯ãã°ãã°ç¡å¶éãªæš©åãæã¡ãå人çãªå©çã欲æã®ããã«ä»ã®äººã
ã®èªç±ãæš©å©ãç¡èŠããŸãã
æŽå²çã«ã¯ãäžçäžã§å€ãã®æŽåãååšããŸããã圌ãã®æ¯é
ã¯ãã°ãã°æŽåãæå§ã«ãã£ãŠç¹åŸŽä»ãããã瀟äŒãçµæžã®æ··ä¹±ãåŒãèµ·ããããšããããŸããããããéã«ãããã€ãã®æŽåã¯äžæçãªå®å®ãããããããšããããŸããããã®ä»£åã¯ãã°ãã°é«ããªããŸãã
Tyrantsãšããèšèã¯äž»ã«æ¿æ²»çãªæèã§äœ¿çšãããŸãããä»ã®é åã§ããå人ãçµç¹ãæš©åãæ¿«çšããããšãæãéã«äœ¿çšãããããšããããŸãã
Social engineeringïŒãœãŒã·ã£ã«ãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°ïŒ
人ã ã®å¿ççãªåŒ±ç¹ãä¿¡é Œãå©çšããŠãæ å ±ãå ¥æããããäžæ£è¡çºãè¡ã£ããããææ³ã§ããããã¯ããã¯ãããžãŒããã人éã®çžäºäœçšã«çŠç¹ãåœãŠãŠããŸãã
#1 Fear ãæãã
the foundation of all control
ð£ïž"The foundation of all control"ïŒãã¹ãŠã®æ¯é
ã®åºç€ïŒãšãããã¬ãŒãºã¯ãæš©åãæ¯é
ã®èŠçŽ ãç¹å®ããéã«äœ¿ãããè¡šçŸã§ããããã¯ã統治ãæ¯é
ããŸãã¯ã³ã³ãããŒã«ãè¡äœ¿ããããã®åºæ¬çãªèŠçŽ ãååãæããŸãã
ããã¹ãŠã®æ¯é
ã®åºç€ããšããŠèããããèŠçŽ ã«ã¯ããã€ãã®å¯èœæ§ããããŸããã以äžã¯ãã®äŸã§ãïŒ
1. æš©åšãšåïŒæ¯é
ããè
ãæš©åšãåãæã¡ãä»ã®äººã
ã«å¯ŸããŠåœ±é¿åãè¡äœ¿ããããšãã§ããããšãæ¯é
ã®åºç€ãšãªããŸãã
2. ã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãšãããã¬ã³ãïŒæ
å ±ãã¡ãã»ãŒãžã®äŒéãéããŠã人ã
ã®èããè¡åãã³ã³ãããŒã«ããããšãæ¯é
ã®åºç€ãšãªããŸãããããã¬ã³ãã¯ç¹å®ã®ã€ããªãã®ãŒã信念ãåºããããã«äœ¿çšãããå ŽåããããŸãã
3. 瀟äŒçãªå¶åºŠãšèŠåïŒæ¯é
ããè
ã瀟äŒãçµç¹ã«ãããŠå¶åºŠãèŠåã確ç«ããããã«åŸãããããšã§æ¯é
ãè¡äœ¿ããããšãã§ããŸãã
4. çµæžçãªåãšè³æºïŒçµæžçãªè³æºãã³ã³ãããŒã«ããããšã§ã人ã
ã®è¡åãææ決å®ã«åœ±é¿ãäžããããšãæ¯é
ã®åºç€ãšãªããŸãã
ãããã®èŠçŽ ã¯ãå人ãçµç¹ãæ¿åºãäŒæ¥ãªã©ãæ¯é
ãæš©åã確ç«ããéã«äœ¿çšãããæ¹æ³ã§ããæ¯é
ã®åºç€ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãå«ççãªåé¡ãæš©åã®ä¹±çšã«ã泚æãå¿
èŠã§ããå¥å
šãªç€ŸäŒãçµç¹ãç¯ãããã«ã¯ãæš©åã®ãã©ã³ã¹ãéææ§ãåžæ°åå ã®éèŠæ§ãªã©ãèæ
®ãããã¹ãã§ãã
creat a culture of fear âŠ
to easily gain the peoples consentâŠ
âŠfor war and empirebuilding
ð£ïžCulture of fearïŒææã®æåïŒãšã¯ãçµç¹ã瀟äŒã«ãããŠææãæ¯é çãªèŠçŽ ãšãªã£ãŠããç¶æ ãæããŸããããã¯ãææã䜿ã£ãŠäººã ãæ¯é ãæäœãæå§ããããšããç¶æ³ãæåãè¡šçŸããŸãããã®ãããªç¶æ ã§ã¯ã人ã ãèªç±ã«çºèšããããšããããã£ãããèªå·±è¡šçŸãæããå Žåããããããåµé æ§ãã€ãããŒã·ã§ã³ã劚ããããããšããããŸãã
#2 intimidation è ããè è¿«ãåšå
lintimidate the public to
induce stockholm syndrome
and submission to
to the usurping of civil liberties
*Stockholm syndrome
an emotional attachment to
a captor formed by a hostage
as a result of *continuous stress,
*dependence, and a need to
*cooperate for survival.
ð£ïžStockholm syndromeã¹ããã¯ãã«ã çå矀ãšã¯ã被害è ãå 害è ã«å¯ŸããŠææ çãªäŸåãæã€å¿çåŠçãªçŸè±¡ã§ããäžè¬çã«ãç¯çœªè ã«ãã人質äºä»¶ãªã©ãé·æéã«ãããé«åºŠãªã¹ãã¬ã¹ã®ç¶æ³äžã§çºçããããšãç¥ãããŠããŸãã被害è ã¯ãå 害è ã«å¯ŸããŠå奜çãªææ ãæ±ããåæ ãå ±æã瀺ãããšãç¹åŸŽçã§ãã
ð£ïžContinuous stressïŒæç¶çã¹ãã¬ã¹ïŒãšã¯ãäžæçãªã€ãã³ããç¶æ³ã§ã¯ãªããé·æéã«ããã£ãŠç¶ãã¹ãã¬ã¹ã®ããšãæããŸããæ¥åžžç掻ãä»äºã人éé¢ä¿ãªã©ãããŸããŸãªèŠå ã«ãã£ãŠåŒãèµ·ããããããšããããŸãã
æç¶çã¹ãã¬ã¹ã¯ã身äœçã粟ç¥çãææ
çãªåé¡ãåŒãèµ·ããå¯èœæ§ããããŸããäŸãã°ãå¿ææ°ã®äžæãè¡å§ã®äžæãç¡ç é害ãäžå®æãæãã€ãéäžåã®äœäžãªã©ãæããããŸãã
é·æéã«ããã£ãŠã¹ãã¬ã¹ãç¶ããšã身äœãå¿ã«è² æ
ãããããå
ç«æ©èœãäœäžããããšããããŸãããã®ãããæç¶çãªã¹ãã¬ã¹ã¯å¥åº·ã«æªåœ±é¿ãåãŒãå¯èœæ§ããã
ð£ïžDependenceïŒäŸåïŒãšã¯ãããç©äºãä»ã®ç©äºã«é Œã£ãŠããç¶æ
ãæããŸããããã¯ãããèŠçŽ ãèŠå ãä»ã®èŠçŽ ãèŠå ã«å¯ŸããŠåŒ·ãäŸåããŠãããšããæå³ã§ãã
äŸåã®äŸãšããŠã¯ã以äžã®ãããªãã®ããããŸãïŒ
1. è¬ç©äŸåïŒè¬ç©ã䜿çšããããšã«ãã£ãŠçãã粟ç¥çãŸãã¯èº«äœçãªäŸåçãæããŸããè¬ç©äžæ¯ã«ãã£ãŠã人ã
ã¯æ¥åžžç掻ãé©åã«éãããšãé£ãããªãå ŽåããããŸãã
2. äŸåçãªé¢ä¿ïŒææãåæ
ã®é¢ä¿ã«ãããŠãäžæ¹ã®äººãä»æ¹ã«åŒ·ãäŸåããŠããå ŽåããããŸããããã¯å¥å
šãªé¢ä¿ã§ã¯ãªããäžåè¡¡ãªç¶æ
ãçã¿åºãããšããããŸãã
3. çµæžçäŸåïŒããåœãç¹å®ã®ååãç£æ¥ã«é床ã«äŸåããŠããç¶æ
ãæããŸããããã¯ãçµæžçãªãªã¹ã¯ãå¢å€§ãããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
äŸåã®ç¶æ
ã¯ãäŸåããåŽãäŸåãããåŽã«ãšã£ãŠãåé¡ãåŒãèµ·ããããšããããŸããå¥åº·çãªãã©ã³ã¹ãä¿ã€ããã«ã¯ãé©åãªèªç«ãšçžäºäŸåã®ãã©ã³ã¹ãåãããšãéèŠã§ãã
ð£ïž"Cooperate for survival"ïŒçåã®ããã«ååããïŒãšã¯ãçç©ãéå£ãçãæ®ãããã«å
±åããŠè¡åããååããããšãæããŸãããã®æŠå¿µã¯ãçç©åŠã瀟äŒåŠã®åéã§åºãç 究ãããŠããŸãã
çç©åŠçãªèŠ³ç¹ããèŠããšãå€ãã®çç©ã¯ç°å¢ãä»ã®çç©ãšã®é¢ä¿ã§çåãæ¯ããããã«ååãè¡ããŸããå
±åç©çã矀ãã®åœ¢æãéå£ã§ã®ä¿è·ãªã©ããã®äŸã§ãããã®ãããªååã«ãã£ãŠãåã
ã®çç©ãåç¬ã§è¡ããããçåã®æåçãé«ãŸãããšããããŸãã
瀟äŒåŠçãªèŠ³ç¹ããèŠããšã人é瀟äŒãåæ§ã«ãCooperate for survivalãã®ååã«åŸããŸããéå£ã§ã®ååã«ãã£ãŠã瀟äŒã®ã¡ã³ããŒãçžäºã«æ¯ãåããå
±åã®ç®æšãéæããå°é£ãªç¶æ³ã«å¯ŸåŠããããšãå¯èœã«ãªããŸããååçãªç€ŸäŒã¯ãå
±åäœã®äžäœæãšç¹æ ãä¿é²ããäžæ¹ã§ãåã
ã®ã¡ã³ããŒã®å¹žçŠæãé«ããããšãã§ããŸãã
"Cooperate for survival"ã¯çç©ã瀟äŒã«ãããŠéèŠãªååã§ãããåã
ã®å©çãšå
±åäœã®å©çããã©ã³ã¹ãããªãããæç¶å¯èœãªå
±åãç¯ãäžã§ã®éèŠãªèŠçŽ ãšãªããŸãã
#3 Distract
泚æãããããæ°ãæ£ãããå¿ãããä¹±ãçŽããè¿·ããã人ã®æ°æã¡ãå転ããããåãä¹±ããã
Distract the population from
important information with
non-stop *bread & circuses,
and *exploit tragedies
to *impose the will of the state
ð£ïž"Bread and circuses"ïŒãã³ãšãµãŒã«ã¹ïŒã¯ãå€ä»£ããŒãã®æ¿æ²»å®¶ã»è©©äººã§ãããŠãŠã§ããªã¹ïŒJuvenalïŒãæžãã颚åºè©©ã«ç±æ¥ããè¡šçŸã§ãã
ãã®è¡šçŸã¯ãããŒãåžåœã®æ代ã«ãæ¿åºã倧è¡ã®äžæºãæããããã«ããã³ïŒé£æïŒãšãµãŒã«ã¹ïŒåš¯æ¥œïŒãæäŸããŠãããšããç¶æ³ãæããŸããæ¿åºã¯é£æã®é
絊ã巚倧ãªåš¯æ¥œã€ãã³ããéå¬ããããšã§ã人ã
ã®æ¥ã
ã®ç掻ãåé¡ã«ç®ããããããæ¿åºãžã®æ¹å€ãé®ããåªåãããŸããã
ãã®è¡šçŸã¯ãæ¿åºãæ¯é
å±€ã瀟äŒã®åé¡ãæ ¹æ¬çã«è§£æ±ºãããçæçãªæ段ã§å€§è¡ãæºè¶³ãããããšãæå³ããŠããŸããããã«ãã£ãŠäººã
ã¯å€§è¡è¿åçãªæ¿çã掟æãªã€ãã³ãã«æ°ãåãããçã®åé¡ã«ç®ãåããªããªããšããèŠå¥ãšããŠäœ¿ãããŸãã
ä»æ¥ã§ããbread and circusesããšããè¡šçŸã¯ãæ¿åºãæš©åè
ãæ ¹æ¬çãªåé¡ã解決ããã倧è¡ãå®æã«æºè¶³ãããææ³ãåãããšãæ¹å€ããå Žåã«äœ¿ãããããšããããŸãã
ð£ïž"Exploit tragedies"ïŒæ²åãæªçšããïŒãšã¯ãä»äººã®æ²åãèŠãã¿ãå©çšããããšãæããŸããããã¯ãå人ãçµç¹ãä»äººã®å°é£ãªç¶æ³ãèªåã®å©çã®ããã«å©çšããè¡çºãæå³ããŸãã
äŸãã°ãçœå®³ãäºæ
ãçºçããéã«ã人ã
ã®åŒ±ãç«å Žãå©çšããŠäžæ£ãªå©çãåŸãããšããè¡çºãã人ã
ã®æ²ãã¿ãèŠãã¿ãåæ¥çã«å©çšããè¡çºãããã«è©²åœããŸããããã¯éå«ççã§äžé埳ãªè¡çºã§ããã被çœè
ãèŠãã人ã
ã«ãããªãèŠçãäžããããšã«ãªããŸãã
äŸãã°ãçœå®³ãèµ·ãã£ãå°åã§é«é¡ãªäŸ¡æ Œã§å¿
éåã販売ãããã被çœè
ã®èŠãã¿ãå©çšããŠå¯ä»éãã ãŸãåããããªè¡çºããexploit tragediesãã«ããããŸãã
ãã®ãããªè¡çºã¯å«ççã§ãªãã瀟äŒçã«ãéé£ãããã¹ãã§ããçã®å
±æãšæ¯æŽã瀺ãããã«ã¯ãæ²åã«å¯ŸããŠé©åãªææŽãæ¯æŽãæäŸããããšã
ð£ïž"Impose the will of the state"ïŒåœå®¶ã®æå¿ãæŒãä»ããïŒãšã¯ãåœå®¶ãæ¿åºãäžæ¹çã«èªãã®æå¿ãèŠæ±ãä»ã®å人ãå£äœã«å¯ŸããŠæŒãä»ããããšãæããŸããããã¯ãåœå®¶ã®æš©åãè¡äœ¿ããŠãä»ã®å人ãéå£ã«å¯ŸããŠåŸãããããšãæå³ããŸãã
åœå®¶ã®æå¿ãæŒãä»ããæ¹æ³ã¯ãããŸããŸãªåœ¢ã§è¡ãããå ŽåããããŸããããã«ã¯ãæ³åŸãèŠå¶ã®å¶å®ãšæœè¡ã匷å¶åã®è¡äœ¿ãè»äºçãªä»å
¥ãªã©ãå«ãŸããŸãããŸããèšè«çµ±å¶ãã¡ãã£ã¢ã®æäœãéããŠãåœå®¶ã®æå³ãåºããåžæ°ã®æèŠãæ
å ±ãã³ã³ãããŒã«ããããšãå«ãŸããå ŽåããããŸãã
äžéšã®åœå®¶ã§ã¯ãæ¿æ²»çãªç¬è£äœå¶ãååšããåœå®¶ã®æå°è
ãèªãã®æå¿ãæŒãä»ããããšãåé¡ãšãªã£ãŠããŸãããã®ãããªå Žåãåžæ°ã®æš©å©ãèªç±ã䟵害ãããæ°äž»çãªããã»ã¹ãå¶çŽãããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
åœå®¶ã®æå¿ãæŒãä»ããããšã¯ãæ°äž»äž»çŸ©ã®ååã人暩ã«å¯Ÿãã䟵害ãšãªãå ŽåããããŸããçã®æ°äž»äž»çŸ©ã§ã¯ãåžæ°ã®æš©å©ãšæèŠãå°éããæ¿åºãåžæ°ã®å©çã«åºã¥ããŠè¡åããããšãéèŠã§ãã
#4 Divide ( and conquer)
ð£ïžãDivide and conquerïŒåå²çµ±æ²»ïŒãã¯ãæŠç¥çãªã¢ãããŒããææ³ãæããã¬ãŒãºã§ã察ç«ããå¢åãã°ã«ãŒããåå²ãããããããåç¬ã§å¯ŸåŠããããšã§ãå
šäœã®çµ±äžã劚ããæŠè¡ãæããŸãããã®æŠè¡ã¯ãäžã€ã®åŒ·åãªå¢åãè€æ°ã®å°ããªå¢åã«åè£ããŠäºããããããããåå¥ã«æ¯é
ããããšã§ãçµæåãåãã察æå¢åã匱äœåãããããšãçããŸãã
ãã®æŠå¿µã¯äž»ã«æ¿æ²»çãªæèãè»äºçãªæŠç¥ã§äœ¿çšãããŸãããããžãã¹ã瀟äŒçãªç¶æ³ã§ãå¿çšãããããšããããŸããå
·äœçãªäŸãšããŠã¯ïŒ
1. **æ¿æ²»çãªå¯Ÿç«:** æ¿æ²»çãªå¯Ÿç«ã瀟äŒçãªåé¡ã«ãããŠã察ç«ããé£å¶ãåå²ããäºãããŠãäºãã®åãåããæ¿æ²»çãªæå¿çµ±äžãé»å®³ããæŠè¡ãåãããããšããããŸãã
2. **ããžãã¹ç«¶äº:** 競åããäŒæ¥ãåæããããããã«å¯Ÿæãããããšã§ãåžå Žæ¯é
åã匱ããããšãçã競äºæŠç¥ã§ãã
3. **瀟äŒçãªåæ:** ã°ã«ãŒããã³ãã¥ããã£ã察ç«ãããäºãããããšã§ç€ŸäŒã®çµæåãåãã圱é¿åã匱äœåãããæŠè¡ãåãããããšããããŸãã
ãDivide and conquerãã¯ãåãæã€è
ã察æå¢åã匱äœåãããããã«å©çšããæŠè¡ã§ãããæ
å ±æäœããããã¬ã³ããªã©ãå«ãŸããå ŽåããããŸãããã®æŠè¡ãç解ããä»è
ã®æå³ãèŠæãããšãéèŠã§ãã
use the media to creat a
paradigm of *two narratives
for every *major political issue,
to keep the people fighting
with each other
ð£ïžTwo-narrative paradigmïŒäºéç©èªãã©ãã€ã ïŒã¯ãã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãèªèã«é¢ããå¿çåŠçç 究ã«ãããŠäœ¿çšãããæ¹æ³è«ã®äžã€ã§ãããã®ã¢ãããŒãã¯ãå人ãç°ãªãæ
å ±æºããæäŸãããè€æ°ã®ç©èªãã©ã®ããã«åŠçããçµ±åãããã調æ»ããã®ã«çšããããŸãã
Two-narrative paradigmã§ã¯ã被éšè
ã«å¯ŸããŠ2ã€ã®ç°ãªãç©èªãæ瀺ãããããã®ç©èªãèªãã ãèãããããåŸã«ã被éšè
ã®æèŠãèªèã調æ»ããŸããããã«ãããå人ãç°ãªãæ
å ±æºããã®æ
å ±ãã©ã®ããã«èªèããçµ±åããããç解ããããšãå¯èœãšãªããŸãã
ãã®ã¢ãããŒãã¯ãæ¿æ²»çãªåé¡ãã¡ãã£ã¢ã®åœ±é¿ãªã©ãè€éãªããŒãã«é¢ããç 究ã«é©ããŠããŸããäŸãã°ãç°ãªãæ¿æ²»çé£å¶ããæäŸãããæ
å ±ãã©ã®ããã«èªèããã©ã®ããã«å€æããããåæããéã«çšããããããšããããŸãããŸããç°ãªãã¡ãã£ã¢ãœãŒã¹ããã®æ
å ±ãå人ã®æèŠåœ¢æã«äžãã圱é¿ã調æ»ããéã«ãæçšã§ãã
Two-narrative paradigmã¯ãè€æ°ã®æ
å ±æºãç©èªã人ã
ã®æèãèªèã«äžãã圱é¿ãæ·±ãç解ããããã®éå
·ãšããŠãå¿çåŠãã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³åŠã®ç 究ã§åºã掻çšãããŠããŸãã
ð£ïžãæŒå€«ã®å©ïŒãããµã®ãïŒãã¯ã察ç«ãã2ã€ã®å¢åãåœäºè
ãã第3è
ã®çŽäºãå©çšããŠèªèº«ã®å©çãè¿œæ±ããæŠç¥ãæããŸãããã®æŠå¿µã¯ã2ã€ã®ç©èªãæ
å ±æºãå©çšããŠãèªèº«ã®ç«å ŽãæèŠã匷調ããä»æ¹ã匱äœåãããããã«å©çšãããããšããããŸããTwo-narrative paradigmã¯ããã®ãããªæŠç¥ã®äžç°ãšããŠäœ¿çšãããããšãããã®ã§ãã
äŸãã°ãæ¿æ²»çãªè°è«ã察ç«ã®äžã§ãç°ãªãé£å¶ãç°ãªãç©èªãæäŸãããããå©çšããŠèªèº«ã®ç«å Žã匷調ããå ŽåããããŸããäž¡æ¹ã®é£å¶ãèªåãã¡ã®ç©èªã匷調ããä»æ¹ãéé£ããããšã§ãèªåãã¡ã®å©çãè¿œæ±ããããšããã®ã§ãã
ãæŒå€«ã®å©ãã¯ãæŠç¥çãªã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãæ
å ±æäœã®ææ³ãšããŠçšããããããšããããTwo-narrative paradigmã®ãããªã¢ãããŒãããã®äžã§éèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæããããšããããšèšããŸãããã®ãããªæŠç¥çãªææ³ãç解ããä»è
ã®æå³ãèŠæãããšãéèŠã§ãã
ð£ïžãmajor political issueïŒäž»èŠãªæ¿æ²»åé¡ïŒããšã¯ãç¹å®ã®åœãå°åã«ãããŠåºç¯ãªé¢å¿ãéããæ¿åºãåžæ°ãæ·±ãé¢äžããéèŠãªåé¡ãæããŸãããããã®åé¡ã¯ã瀟äŒå
šäœã«åœ±é¿ãåãŒãå¯èœæ§ããããæ¿æ²»çãªææ決å®ãæ¹éã®æ±ºå®ã«å€§ããªåœ±é¿ãäžããããšããããŸããäž»èŠãªæ¿æ²»åé¡ã¯ææã瀟äŒçãªå¯Ÿç«ãè°è«ãåŒãèµ·ããããšããããŸãã
以äžã«ããã€ãã®äž»èŠãªæ¿æ²»åé¡ã®äŸãæããŠã¿ãŸãããïŒ
1. **çµæžæ¿çãšéçš:** çµæžæé·ãéçšåµåºãæåŸæ Œå·®ãæäœè³éãªã©ã®çµæžæ¿çãäž»èŠãªæ¿æ²»åé¡ãšãªãããšããããŸãã
2. **ç°å¢ãšæ°åå€å:** ç°å¢ä¿è·ãæ°åå€å察çãåçå¯èœãšãã«ã®ãŒã®æšé²ãªã©ãäž»èŠãªæ¿æ²»åé¡ãšããŠåãäžããããŸãã
3. **移æ°æ¿ç:** 移æ°å¶åºŠãé£æ°å¯Ÿçãåœå¢ç®¡çãªã©ãäž»èŠãªæ¿æ²»åé¡ãšããŠè°è«ãããããšããããŸãã
4. **å»çå¶åºŠ:** å»çä¿éºå¶åºŠãå»çãµãŒãã¹ã®æäŸãå»çè²»ã®åé¡ãªã©ãäž»èŠãªæ¿æ²»åé¡ãšãªãããšããããŸãã
5. **瀟äŒçå¹³çãšäººæš©:** æ§å¥å¹³çãLGBTQ+ã®æš©å©ã人皮差å¥ã®æ€å»ã瀟äŒçå
æãªã©ãäž»èŠãªæ¿æ²»åé¡ãšããŠåãäžããããããšããããŸãã
ãããã®äž»èŠãªæ¿æ²»åé¡ã¯ãåœãå°åã«ãã£ãŠç°ãªãå ŽåããããŸããã瀟äŒå
šäœã«å€§ããªåœ±é¿ãäžããéèŠãªããŒããšãªãããšãå€ãã§ããæ¿åºãæ¿æ²»å®¶ãåžæ°ãã¡ãã£ã¢ãªã©ãç©æ¥µçã«åãçµã¿ã解決çã暡玢ããããšãæ±ããããŸãã
Nearly every debate
has been turned into a
two-paradigm debateâŠ
Here are just a few examplesâŠ
â¡ïžpro-gun vs anti gun
 "Pro-gun"ã¯ãéã®ææã䜿çšãæ¯æããç«å Žãæãã"anti-gun"ã¯éã«ãéã®ææã䜿çšã«å察ããç«å ŽãæããŸãã
â¡ïžpro-vaccine vs anti vaccine
"Pro-vaccine"ã¯ãã¯ã¯ãã³ã®æ¥çš®ãæ¯æããç«å Žãè¡šãã"anti-vaccine"ã¯éã«ãã¯ã¯ãã³ã®æ¥çš®ã«å察ããç«å Žãè¡šããŸãã
â¡ïžpro cop vs anti cop
"Pro-cop"ã¯ãèŠå¯ãæ¯æããç«å Žãæãã"anti-cop"ã¯éã«ãèŠå¯ã«å¯ŸããŠå察ããç«å ŽãæããŸãã
â¡ïžBLM vs All lives matter
"BLM"ã¯ãBlack Lives Matterãã®ç¥ã§ãé»äººã®åœã倧åã§ãããšãã䞻匵ã瀺ããŸããããã¯ã瀟äŒçäžå¹³çã人皮差å¥ã«å¯Ÿããé¢å¿ãé«ããããã«äœ¿çšãããŸããäžæ¹ã§ããAll Lives Matterãã¯ããã¹ãŠã®åœã倧åã§ãããšããç«å Žãè¡šããŸãããäžéšã®äººã
ã«ãã£ãŠã¯BLMã®ã¡ãã»ãŒãžã匱ãããã®ãšããŠæããããããšããããŸããBLMãšAll Lives Matterã¯ã人皮ã«é¢ããåé¡ã«ã€ããŠã®ç°ãªãèŠç¹ãæèŠã瀺ãéã«äœ¿ãããããšããããŸãã
â¡ïžpro choice vs pro life
"Pro-choice"ã¯ãåŠåš äžçµ¶ã®éžææš©ãæ¯æããç«å Žãè¡šããå人ãåŠåš äžçµ¶ãå«ãå¥åº·äžã®éžæãããæš©å©ã䞻匵ããŸããäžæ¹ã§ããPro-lifeãã¯ãèå
ã®åœãæ¯æããç«å Žãè¡šããåŠåš äžçµ¶ã«å察ããèå
ã®æš©å©ã匷調ããŸãããããã®çšèªã¯ãåŠåš äžçµ¶ã«é¢é£ããå«ççã»æ³çãªåé¡ã«ã€ããŠã®ç°ãªãç«å Žãè¡šãããã«äœ¿çšãããŸãã
â¡ïžpro war vs Isolationalist
"Pro-war"ã¯ãè»äºçãªè¡åãæŠäºãæ¯æããç«å ŽãæããŸããããã¯ãåœéçãªçŽäºã«å¯ŸããŠç©æ¥µçãªã¢ãããŒããæ¡ãããšãæå³ããŸãã
äžæ¹ã§ããIsolationistãã¯ãå€ç«äž»çŸ©ãæ¯æããç«å ŽãæããŸããããã¯ãåœéçãªçŽäºãå€äº€çãªé¢äžãé¿ããèªåœã®å©çã«æ³šåãã¹ãã ãšäž»åŒµããç«å Žã§ããå€ç«äž»çŸ©è
ã¯ãå€åœãšã®å¹²æžãæå°éã«ããèªåœã®ç¬ç«æ§ãéèŠããããšã奜ãåŸåããããŸãã
â¡ïžRepublican vs Democrat
"Republican"ïŒå
±åå
ïŒãš"Democrat"ïŒæ°äž»å
)
The media sets the paradigm
and never breaks it
While the two sides
fight with each other
Anyone who thinks outside
of the two narrative paradigm
Is *dismissed, and demonized
ð£ïž"Dismissed and demonized"ïŒç¡èŠãããŠæªè
æ±ããããïŒãšã¯ããã人ãã°ã«ãŒãã®æèŠãæå³ããŸãã¯è¡åãä»ã®äººã
ã«ãã£ãŠè»œèŠãããç¡èŠãããããšã§ãããã«ã¯æªæãæã£ãŠæ¹å€ãéé£ãããããšãæããŸãã
ãã®è¡šçŸã¯ãæèŠã®çžéãç°ãªãç«å Žãæã€äººã
ãä»è
ã«ãã£ãŠç解ããããå°éãããã代ããã«éé£ããããæ»æããããããç¶æ³ãè¡šçŸããŸããããã¯ãã°ãã°ææ
çãªåå¿ãåèŠã«åºã¥ããŠè¡ãããå Žåããããå
¬å¹³ãªè°è«ã察話ãæ¬ ããŠããç¶æ
ã瀺ããŸãã
"Dismissed and demonized"ã®ç¶æ³ã§ã¯ãç¹å®ã®ç«å ŽãæèŠãæã€äººã
ã瀟äŒçã«å€ç«ãã声ãäžããããšãé£ãããªãå¯èœæ§ããããŸãããã®ãããªç¶æ³ã§ã¯ãå人ãã°ã«ãŒããèªç±ãªè¡šçŸãåå ãå¶çŽãããããšã§ã察話ãšç解ãé»å®³ããã察ç«ãæ·±ãŸãããšããããŸãã
å
Œ
±ã®èšè«ã瀟äŒçãªåé¡ã«å¯ŸããŠãçžäºç解ãšå°éãéèŠããããšãéèŠã§ãããç°ãªãæèŠãæã€äººã
ã®å£°ãç¡èŠããããæ»æãããããããšã¯å¯Ÿç«ãå©é·ããã°ããã§ãªããå¥å
šãªæ°äž»äž»çŸ©ãæãªãå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
MeanwhileâŠ
ð£ïž"Meanwhile"ã¯ãè±èªã®è¡šçŸã§ãåãæéã«èµ·ãã2ã€ä»¥äžã®åºæ¥äºãæ¯èŒã»å¯Ÿç
§ããéã«äœ¿çšãããæ¥ç¶è©ã§ãããã®èšèã¯ãããã®äžæ¹ã§ããäžæ¹ã§ã¯ããšãã£ãæå³ã§äœ¿ããã1ã€ã®äºæãé²è¡ããŠããéã«åæã«å¥ã®äºæãèµ·ãã£ãŠããããšã瀺ããŸãã"Meanwhile"ã¯ãã¹ããŒãªãŒã®é²è¡ã説æã«ãããŠãåæé²è¡ã®åºæ¥äºãæ瀺çã«ç€ºãããã«äœ¿çšãããããšãå€ãã§ãã
äŸæãéããŠç解ãæ·±ããŠã¿ãŸãããïŒ
1. **I was studying for my exams. Meanwhile, my friends were watching a movie.**
ïŒç§ã¯è©Šéšã®å匷ãããŠããããã®äžæ¹ã§ãåéã¯æ ç»ã芳ãŠãããïŒ
2. **She was cooking dinner. Meanwhile, her husband was setting the table.**
ïŒåœŒå¥³ã¯å€é£ãäœã£ãŠããããã®äžæ¹ã§ã倫ã¯ããŒãã«ãã»ããããŠãããïŒ
3. **The team was working on the presentation. Meanwhile, the manager was reviewing the budget.**
ïŒããŒã ã¯ãã¬ãŒã³ããŒã·ã§ã³ã®æºåãããŠããããã®äžæ¹ã§ããããŒãžã£ãŒã¯äºç®ã確èªããŠãããïŒ
"Meanwhile"ã¯æéã®æµãã®äžã§2ã€ã®ç°ãªãåºæ¥äºã察ç
§çã«æ瀺ããéã«äŸ¿å©ãªè¡šçŸã§ããããããã®äºè±¡ãåæã«é²è¡ããŠããããšã瀺ãããã«æŽ»çšãããæç« ã話ã®æµããæ確ã«ããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
Nothing changes
ð£ïžãNothing changesïŒäœãå€ãããªãïŒããšã¯ãç¶æ³ãç¶æ
ãå€ãããªããé²å±ããªããšããæå³ãæã€è¡šçŸã§ããããã¯ãäœããæ¹åãããªããŸãŸã以åãšåãç¶æ
ãç¶ããŠããããšãæããŠäœ¿ãããããšããããŸãã
ãã®è¡šçŸã¯ãæ§ã
ãªæèã§äœ¿çšãããããšããããŸãã以äžã«ããã€ãã®äŸãæããŠã¿ãŸãããïŒ
1. **瀟äŒçãªå€å:** 瀟äŒçãªåé¡ãäžå¹³çãªã©ã解決ãããã以åãšåãç¶æ
ãç¶ããŠãããšãã«ããNothing changesããšè¡šçŸãããããšããããŸãã
2. **æ¿æ²»çãªç¶æ³:** æ¿åºã®æ¿çãè¡åãå€ããããåžæ°ã®èŠæãæåŸ
ã«å¿ããªãå Žåã«ããNothing changesããšèšãããããšããããŸãã
3. **çµç¹ãããžãã¹:** çµç¹ãäŒæ¥ãåé¡ãæŸçœ®ããæ¹åçãè¬ããªãå Žåã«ããNothing changesããšææãããããšããããŸãã
4. **å人çãªç¶æ³:** å人ãè¡åãå€ããã«åãç¶æ
ãç¶ããå Žåã«ãããNothing changesããšè¡šçŸãããããšããããŸãã
ãã®è¡šçŸã¯ãç¶æ³ã®åæ»ãå€åã®ãªãã匷調ããããã«äœ¿çšãããããšãå€ãã§ãããŸããæã«ã¯ããããã絶æã®ææ
ãå«ãæèã§äœ¿ãããããšããããŸãã