天才正宗について2

2 //日本刀は素敵（渡邉妙子著)//(p64~76)
「正宗の評価を変えた人」
・名刀の評価はその時代の識者によって評価されています。正宗の名が初めて現れた書物は『新札往来』素眼法師（1367)で正宗没後24年に出版されています。武士が戦場で佩く太刀ではなく、神宝・寺宝として、また天皇の守りとしてふさわしい品位を備えた名工とあります。次いで『尺seki素往来』一条兼良（15世紀)で「不動の利剣に異ならず」とあり、不動明王同様、悪に果敢に立ち向かう名剣ということです。しかし、著者はこの二人は正宗の刀を熟覧していないだろうと述べています。

・『宗五大艸紙』伊勢宗五（1528)将軍がお成りの時に進物にする天下23人中にあり、室町時代にはトップクラスのひとりにランクされています。

・堺の豪商津田宗久が織田信長に伺候したとき（1580)、信長の披露した脇差14、腰物８の中に「上龍下龍正宗」があります。

・『信長公記』信長は、安土城で1587年長男信忠に正宗を与えました。この時次男と三男には吉光を与えています。当時、『能阿弥本銘尽』では、正宗の評価は吉光の半分の値段だったのですが、長男に与えることで天下一と評価していたのです。その翌年本能寺で生涯を閉じます。

「正宗は本当に名工か」
・正宗の中の正宗は「城和泉守正宗」(国宝）で定評があります。茎には金象嵌で「城和泉守所持正宗磨上　本阿」とあり本阿弥光徳が埋忠寿斎に施させたものです。銘の有無は分かりませんが、光徳は金象嵌を刻んで「正宗」銘を躊躇なく切り落としたのかもしれません。

・『解紛記』（黒庵著)で正宗は「潮相も取分沸鮮やかに匂いを敷き、少しの湯走りまでも沸匂の叢なく深し」と述べています。これは和泉守正宗について述べているに違いないとすると、黒庵は光徳であると想像できます。即ち光徳は高評価しているのです。

・正宗の短刀には名品が多く、その茎（なかご）の形から切先にかけての曲線が独特で、師匠や先輩にない形です。天才的造形感覚が感じ取れます。鉄肌はあくまで柔らかく深みがあり、青く澄んだ透明感があります。刃文は一腰ずつ異なり、高低に変化があり、大海原を思わせる躍動感に富んでいます。神品そのものの品格を備えています。

「正宗の無銘生ぶの太刀」
・著者は正宗の銘を見たのは短刀だけで、また、太刀はほとんどが大磨上げ（刀身を短くするために銘がなくなるほど切り縮めたもの）で生ぶ茎を観たいと思っていたと述べています。

・あるコレクターの好意で生ぶ茎の無銘の正宗を観たときの感動が綴られています。「座敷に通され、緊張しつつ鞘を払うと息を吞みました。ふくらのふくよかな曲線、沸き立つ沸。茎を抜くと感動が全身を包みました。この茎は正宗以外誰の作でもない」（略記）

・その後、犬養木堂（毅）が書いた「観刀雑鐔集」に掲載されており、犬養も沸と地鉄から正宗に違いないと感動したのだと知った、と述べています。

「正宗はいなかった？」
・明治29年（1896)刀剣鑑定家の今村長賀が読売新聞に「正宗の正作はなかった」との一文が掲載され大騒ぎになりました。

・正宗はみな大磨上無銘で、豊臣以後、本阿弥極めの物ばかりである、と書いたのです。賛否両論が各誌をにぎわせました。

・犬養木堂は「今村は備前物の愛好者で相州物を排斥するが、それぞれの持ち味があり山野美と水の美は違うがいずれも美しい。唐の顔真卿の真似をするものによって書が乱れたように、正宗に疑した物を作ろうとするものによって相州伝が堕してもそれは正宗の罪ではない」との名文が掲載されました。

・星野亘博士は「『信長公記』に長男信忠に正宗を遣わした、とあり秀吉以前に正宗は存在した。」ことを示し、宮内庁の稲生真履は『尽素往来』（15世紀）に「不動の利剣に異ならず」とあり、古来聞こえた名工であったと述べ、決着がつきました。

・現代でもこのことがまことしやかに語られることで、世は虚言を好むものだと実感したと著者は述べています。

2 //Japanese Swords are Wonderful (by Taeko Watanabe)//(p64~76)

“The person who changed the evaluation of Masamune.”
The reputation of a great sword is evaluated by the experts of the time. The first book in which Masamune's name appears is "Shinsatsu Orai" by Sogan Houshi (1367), published 24 years after Masamune's death. It says that the sword was not a sword worn by warriors on the battlefield, but a master craftsman with a dignity suitable as a sacred treasure, a temple treasure, or as a protection for the emperor. The next is Ichijo Kaneyoshi (15th century) in " Seki so’orai" (15th century), which says, "It is no different from the Fudo no Riken," meaning that, like Fudo Myoo, it is a great sword that boldly stands up against evil. However, the author states that these two would not have had a thorough look at Masamune's sword.

Sogo-soushi" (1528), by Ise Sogō (1528), was one of the 23 most famous swordsmen in Japan, and was ranked as one of the best in the Muromachi period (1336-1573).

When Sokyu Tsuda, a wealthy merchant in Sakai, visited Nobunaga Oda (1580), he presented 14 wakizashi and 8 koshimono to Nobunaga, and among them was "Kamiryu Shimoryu Masamune".

In 1587, Nobunaga gave Masamune to his eldest son Nobutada at Azuchi Castle. At that time, his second and third sons were given Yoshimitsu. At the time, according to "Noami Honmei Tsukushi", Masamune was valued at half the price of Yoshimitsu, but by giving it to his eldest son, he was giving him a reputation as the best under heaven. The following year, he died at Honnoji.

“Is Masamune really a master craftsman?"
Masamune is well known for his "Jo Izuminokami Masamune" (National Treasure). The stem is inlaid with the inscription "Jo Izuminokami Masamune shoji suriage" (National Treasure), which was carved by Hon'ami Kotoku to Umetada Jusai. Although we do not know whether it is inscribed or not, Kotoku may have engraved the gold inlays and cut off the "Masamune" inscription without hesitation.

In "Kaihunki" (written by Kokuan), Masamune is described as follows: "Even the tidal phase has a vivid smell of boiling, and even a little bit of yubashiri has a deep smell of boiling. If this must be a reference to JoIzuminokami Masamune, we can imagine that Kokuan was referring to Kotoku. In other words, Kotoku is highly praised.

The curve from the stem to the cutting edge is unique, a shape not seen in his predecessors or masters. The shape of the stem and the curve from the stem to the kissaki are unique, and one can sense the genius of his sense of modeling. The iron surface is soft and deep with a clear blue color. The blade pattern differs from one hip to the other and varies from high to low, giving a sense of dynamism reminiscent of a great ocean. It has the dignity of a sacred object itself.

“Unmarked Ubu-no-Tachi Swords of Masamune."
The author states that he has only seen the inscription of Masamune on short swords, and that he had hoped to see an unmarked tachi sword with an unmarked stem, since most tachi swords are oosuriage (cut down so much that the inscription is lost in order to shorten the blade).

She also described how she was moved when she saw an unmarked Masamune with an unmarked blade with an unmarked stem, courtesy of a collector. “When I was led into the tatami room and nervously removed the scabbard, my breath caught in my throat. I was breathtakingly moved by the full curves of the Fukura and the boiling water. When I pulled out the stem, my whole body was filled with emotion. This stem could not have been made by anyone other than Masamune.”

Later, Inukai Bokudo (Tsuyoshi) wrote in his book "Kantou Zattanshu" that he was also impressed by the boiling and the base iron and knew it had to be Masamune.

“There was no Masamune?"
In 1896, sword connoisseur Imamura Chota caused a sensation when he wrote in the Yomiuri newspaper , "There was no swords made by Masamune“

He wrote that all Masamune swords were unmarked and unmatched, and that they were all made by Hon'ami after Toyotomi. This article caused a controversy among the public.

Inugai Bokudo wrote,”Imamura is a lover of Bizen works and rejects Soshu works, but each of them has its own unique flavor, and although the beauty of the mountains and fields and the beauty of the water are different, they are all beautiful. Just as calligraphy was disturbed by those who imitated the Tang Dynasty's "Gan Shinkyo", it is not Masamune's crime if Soshu-den is corrupted by those who try to create something that is in doubt of Masamune's style.”

Dr. Wataru Hoshino wrote, "The 'Nobunaga Kouki' states that Masamune was sent to his eldest son Nobutada, indicating that Masamune existed before Hideyoshi. Dr. Shinran Inao of the Imperial Household Agency stated that the sword was a master craftsman who had been heard of since ancient times, as it is described in "Sekiso Orai" (15th century) as being "no different from an unshakable sword.

The author said that she realized that the world loves falsehoods because even today this is spoken of as a true story.