発酵食品関係:マイコトキシンへの製造管理へ厳しい目が必要だ
小林製薬の「紅麹」国内外の飲料や食品メーカーなど52社に供給 原料使用の「日本酒や米菓子」で自主回収相次ぐ 影響拡大の恐れ 他社向け供給は2016年から開始(MBSニュース) - Yahoo!ニュース
The request translates to: "Is there a possibility that Aspergillus oryzae produces kidney-damaging components during the brewing process?"
Claude3に聞いてみた
When using mold in the production of sake, soy sauce, and other fermented products, what are the important issues regarding the hygiene of toxic substances such as mycotoxins?
Perplexityに聞いてみた
The Association Between Mold Exposure and Kidney Damage
The available research suggests that exposure to mold and mycotoxins can potentially contribute to the development of kidney damage and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Several studies have found associations between mold/mycotoxin exposure and various forms of kidney disease:
Exposure to trichothecene mycotoxins, which are produced by molds like Stachybotrys, Fusarium, and Myrothecium, has been linked to conditions like Balkan endemic nephropathy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) [1][4].
Trichothecene mycotoxins are believed to cause kidney damage through mechanisms like inhibition of protein synthesis and multiorgan toxicity[4].
Bacterial endotoxins from gram-negative bacteria commonly found in water-damaged buildings have also been shown to trigger inflammatory responses that can contribute to kidney injury[4].
Mold exposure has been associated with increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, which is a major risk factor for CKD[3].
However, the exact mechanisms by which mold and mycotoxins may lead to kidney damage are still being investigated. Individual susceptibility likely plays a role, as the immune system can be negatively affected by exposure, worsening illness[4].
While the evidence suggests a potential link between mold/mycotoxin exposure and kidney disease, more research is still needed to fully understand this association and develop effective prevention and treatment strategies. Avoiding further exposure to contaminated environments is currently the primary recommended approach[1][4].
Citations:
[1] https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/0003-4819-139-2-200307150-00013
[2] https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12269
[3] https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.hyp.0000102971.85504.7c
[4] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3654247 /
[5] https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article/10/9/ofad424/7238407
粗製薬やハーブ薬による急性腎機能不全のメカニズムについては、以下のように複数のメカニズムが考えられます[1][2][3]:
直接的な腎毒性:ハーブやハーブ製品に含まれる特定の化合物(例:アリストロキア酸、アントラキノン、フラボノイド、グリコシドなど)は、腎臓に直接損傷を与え、急性腎障害(AKI)や慢性腎臓病(CKD)を引き起こす可能性があります[1][2][3]。この腎毒性は、ハーブ化合物の固有の毒性によるものが多いです。
汚染と偽造:ハーブ製品は、栽培、加工、製造の過程で重金属、農薬、その他の有毒物質によって汚染される可能性があります。これらの汚染物質も急性腎機能不全を引き起こす可能性があります[1][3]。
ハーブと薬物の相互作用:ハーブ薬は、従来の薬物と相互作用し、薬物の代謝や薬物動態を変化させ、毒性の増加や腎障害を引き起こすことがあります[1][2]。
誤った投与量または長期使用:固有の腎毒性がないとしても、特定のハーブ製品の過剰な使用や長期使用は、時間と共に腎損傷を引き起こす可能性があります[1][2]。
特異的反応:個々の人がハーブ化合物に対して予測不可能な、免疫介在性の反応を発展させることがあり、急性間質性腎炎やその他の形態の腎損傷を引き起こす可能性があります[1][3]。
要約すると、粗製薬やハーブ薬による急性腎機能不全のメカニズムには、ハーブ化合物の直接的な腎毒性、汚染、ハーブと薬物の相互作用、不適切な投与量、特異的反応が含まれます[1][2][3]。臨床医は、患者がハーブ製品を使用する際にこれらの潜在的なリスクを認識しておく必要があります。
引用文献:
[1] https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/8/4132
[2] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7593559 /
[3] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6218812 /
[4] https://www.heraldopenaccess.us/openaccess/renal-diseases-and-use-of-medicinal-herbal-extracts-a-concise-update-of-reported-literature-in-africa
[5] https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/AcuteKidneyInjury
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