WEBデザイン基礎（５）Bootstrap(1)

鶴岡建二

Bootstrapを使ったデザイン

画像1

Bootstrapとは、レスポンシブWEBデザインで制作することを容易にする、コンポーネントライブラリです。つまり、容易されたパーツを組み合わせて、カスタマイズしていけば、ゼロからJavascript、やCSSを書かなくても短時間でWEBページを作ることができます。まずは、ダウンロードしてみましょう。

Bootstrapダウンロードページ

ダウンロードしても、意味がわからなかったら、以下のスターターテンプレートをお使いください。ライブラリへは、ネットワークでリンクされるので、ダウンロードしたファイル群を使わなくても、このHTMLだけで動作します。

まずは、最小のコードでHello, world!

スターターテンプレート　starter.html

<!doctype html>
<html lang="ja">
 <head>
   <!-- Required meta tags -->
   <meta charset="utf-8">
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">

   <!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
   <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-9aIt2nRpC12Uk9gS9baDl411NQApFmC26EwAOH8WgZl5MYYxFfc+NcPb1dKGj7Sk" crossorigin="anonymous">

   <title>Hello, world!</title>
 </head>
 <body>
   <h1>Hello, world!</h1>

   <!-- Optional JavaScript -->
   <!-- jQuery first, then Popper.js, then Bootstrap JS -->
   <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.5.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-DfXdz2htPH0lsSSs5nCTpuj/zy4C+OGpamoFVy38MVBnE+IbbVYUew+OrCXaRkfj" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
   <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/popper.js@1.16.0/dist/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-Q6E9RHvbIyZFJoft+2mJbHaEWldlvI9IOYy5n3zV9zzTtmI3UksdQRVvoxMfooAo" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
   <script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.0/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-OgVRvuATP1z7JjHLkuOU7Xw704+h835Lr+6QL9UvYjZE3Ipu6Tp75j7Bh/kR0JKI" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
 </body>
</html>”

”Hello, world!”と表示されれば、OKです。

ナビゲーションバーを付けよう！


次にナビゲーションバーを追加します。以下のコードを追加するだけで、レスポンシブなナビバーが表示されます。

Navbarナビバー追加コード

<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark bg-dark">
 <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Navbar</a>
 <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarSupportedContent" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
   <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
 </button>

 <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent">
   <ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto">
     <li class="nav-item active">
       <a class="nav-link" href="#">Home <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a>
     </li>
     <li class="nav-item">
       <a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
     </li>
     <li class="nav-item dropdown">
       <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdown" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
         Dropdown
       </a>
       <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown">
         <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Action</a>
         <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Another action</a>
         <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
         <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Something else here</a>
       </div>
     </li>
     <li class="nav-item">
       <a class="nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
     </li>
   </ul>
   <form class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0">
     <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search">
     <button class="btn btn-outline-success my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit">Search</button>
   </form>
 </div>
</nav>

1行目のnavbar-dark bg-darkをカスタマイズし、色の変更を行えます。
以下は、色変更したサンプルです。

ナビバーいろいろ　navbar2.html


 <!doctype html>
<html lang="ja">
 <head>
   <!-- Required meta tags -->
   <meta charset="utf-8">
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">

   <!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
   <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-9aIt2nRpC12Uk9gS9baDl411NQApFmC26EwAOH8WgZl5MYYxFfc+NcPb1dKGj7Sk" crossorigin="anonymous">

   <title>Hello, world!</title>
 </head>
 <body>

<!-- ナビバーサンプル１ -->
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light">
 <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Navbar</a>
 <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarSupportedContent" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
   <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
 </button>

 <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent">
   <ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto">
     <li class="nav-item active">
       <a class="nav-link" href="#">Home <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a>
     </li>
     <li class="nav-item">
       <a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
     </li>
     <li class="nav-item dropdown">
       <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdown" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
         Dropdown
       </a>
       <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown">
         <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Action</a>
         <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Another action</a>
         <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
         <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Something else here</a>
       </div>
     </li>
     <li class="nav-item">
       <a class="nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
     </li>
   </ul>
   <form class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0">
     <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search">
     <button class="btn btn-outline-success my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit">Search</button>
   </form>
 </div>
</nav>


<!-- ナビバーサンプル2 -->

<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark bg-dark">
 <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Navbar</a>
 <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarSupportedContent" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
   <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
 </button>

 <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent">
   <ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto">
     <li class="nav-item active">
       <a class="nav-link" href="#">Home <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a>
     </li>
     <li class="nav-item">
       <a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
     </li>
     <li class="nav-item dropdown">
       <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdown" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
         Dropdown
       </a>
       <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown">
         <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Action</a>
         <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Another action</a>
         <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
         <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Something else here</a>
       </div>
     </li>
     <li class="nav-item">
       <a class="nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
     </li>
   </ul>
   <form class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0">
     <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search">
     <button class="btn btn-outline-success my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit">Search</button>
   </form>
 </div>
</nav>


<!-- ナビバーサンプル3 -->

<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-primary">
 <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Navbar</a>
 <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarSupportedContent" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
   <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
 </button>

 <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent">
   <ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto">
     <li class="nav-item active">
       <a class="nav-link" href="#">Home <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a>
     </li>
     <li class="nav-item">
       <a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
     </li>
     <li class="nav-item dropdown">
       <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdown" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
         Dropdown
       </a>
       <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown">
         <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Action</a>
         <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Another action</a>
         <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
         <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Something else here</a>
       </div>
     </li>
     <li class="nav-item">
       <a class="nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
     </li>
   </ul>
   <form class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0">
     <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search">
     <button class="btn btn-outline-success my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit">Search</button>
   </form>
 </div>
</nav>


<!-- ナビバーサンプル4 -->

<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light" style="background-color:#e3f2fd;">
 <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Navbar</a>
 <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarSupportedContent" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
   <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
 </button>

 <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent">
   <ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto">
     <li class="nav-item active">
       <a class="nav-link" href="#">Home <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a>
     </li>
     <li class="nav-item">
       <a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
     </li>
     <li class="nav-item dropdown">
       <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdown" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
         Dropdown
       </a>
       <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown">
         <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Action</a>
         <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Another action</a>
         <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
         <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Something else here</a>
       </div>
     </li>
     <li class="nav-item">
       <a class="nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
     </li>
   </ul>
   <form class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0">
     <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search">
     <button class="btn btn-outline-success my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit">Search</button>
   </form>
 </div>
</nav>


   <h1>Hello, world!</h1>

   <!-- Optional JavaScript -->
   <!-- jQuery first, then Popper.js, then Bootstrap JS -->
   <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.5.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-DfXdz2htPH0lsSSs5nCTpuj/zy4C+OGpamoFVy38MVBnE+IbbVYUew+OrCXaRkfj" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
   <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/popper.js@1.16.0/dist/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-Q6E9RHvbIyZFJoft+2mJbHaEWldlvI9IOYy5n3zV9zzTtmI3UksdQRVvoxMfooAo" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
   <script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.0/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-OgVRvuATP1z7JjHLkuOU7Xw704+h835Lr+6QL9UvYjZE3Ipu6Tp75j7Bh/kR0JKI" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
 </body>
</html>

他にも”bg-”以降を下記に変更することで、ナビバーの背景の色を変更できます。これは、ナビバーに限らず、色の変更で使えるcolor schemeは、以下の通り。

muted
primary
success
info
warning
danger

さらに、ナビバーにロゴマークの画像を追加してみよう。

<a class="navbar-brand" href="#"><img src="https://getbootstrap.jp/docs/4.5/assets/brand/bootstrap-solid.svg" width="30" height="30" alt="">Bootstrap</a>

jumbotronで大きな見出しのコーナーを作ろう。

以下のコードを追加してみよう。

<div class="jumbotron">
 <h1 class="display-4">Hello, world!</h1>
 <p class="lead">This is a simple hero unit, a simple jumbotron-style component for calling extra attention to featured content or information.</p>
 <hr class="my-4">
 <p>It uses utility classes for typography and spacing to space content out within the larger container.</p>
 <a class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" href="#" role="button">Learn more</a>
</div>

</div>

ナビバーとジャンボトロンだけのテンプレート　jumbo.html

<!doctype html>
<html lang="ja">
 <head>
   <!-- Required meta tags -->
   <meta charset="utf-8">
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">

   <!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
   <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-9aIt2nRpC12Uk9gS9baDl411NQApFmC26EwAOH8WgZl5MYYxFfc+NcPb1dKGj7Sk" crossorigin="anonymous">

   <title>Hello, world!</title>
 </head>
 <body>

<!-- Just an image -->

<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark bg-dark">
 <a class="navbar-brand" href="#"><img src="https://getbootstrap.jp/docs/4.5/assets/brand/bootstrap-solid.svg" width="30" height="30" alt="">Bootstrap</a>
 <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarSupportedContent" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
   <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
 </button>

 <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent">
   <ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto">
     <li class="nav-item active">
       <a class="nav-link" href="#">Home <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a>
     </li>
     <li class="nav-item">
       <a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
     </li>
     <li class="nav-item dropdown">
       <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdown" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
         Dropdown
       </a>
       <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown">
         <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Action</a>
         <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Another action</a>
         <div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
         <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Something else here</a>
       </div>
     </li>
     <li class="nav-item">
       <a class="nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
     </li>
   </ul>
   <form class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0">
     <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search">
     <button class="btn btn-outline-success my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit">Search</button>
   </form>
 </div>
</nav>


<div class="container">

<div class="jumbotron">
 <h1 class="display-4">Hello, world!</h1>
 <p class="lead">This is a simple hero unit, a simple jumbotron-style component for calling extra attention to featured content or information.</p>
 <hr class="my-4">
 <p>It uses utility classes for typography and spacing to space content out within the larger container.</p>
 <a class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" href="#" role="button">Learn more</a>
</div>

</div>


   <!-- Optional JavaScript -->
   <!-- jQuery first, then Popper.js, then Bootstrap JS -->
   <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.5.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-DfXdz2htPH0lsSSs5nCTpuj/zy4C+OGpamoFVy38MVBnE+IbbVYUew+OrCXaRkfj" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
   <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/popper.js@1.16.0/dist/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-Q6E9RHvbIyZFJoft+2mJbHaEWldlvI9IOYy5n3zV9zzTtmI3UksdQRVvoxMfooAo" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
   <script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.0/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-OgVRvuATP1z7JjHLkuOU7Xw704+h835Lr+6QL9UvYjZE3Ipu6Tp75j7Bh/kR0JKI" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
 </body>
</html>

このように表示されれば成功です。

画像2

Bootstrapの特徴である、グリッドシステムについては、以下を参照してください。詳しくは、今後解説します。

演習　今日学んだことを基にして、色やテキストなどを変更し、自由にカスタマイズしよう。

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