ロシアのベーシックインカムについてインタビュー（ゴルヤエブ　アンドレイ　ツエヤヴィッチ教授・博士・哲学者）

Goryaev Andrey Tyurbeyevich
Professor, Doctor of Philosophy

- You can start a conversation at any time. Your position, your opinion?
- The problem of basic income, the fight against poverty is gradually coming from a peripheral topic, it came out despite some efforts, some people who ignore this topic. We know why this is done. There is no accident that this year even the Nobel Committee gave an award in economics to those scientists who are involved in the fight against poverty. This suggests that this theme is indeed becoming very serious and affects the interests of many people, many countries. I live in Kalmykia, for us this theme is also relevant. But Russia is a multinational country.
Every problem, every big subject are always has some singularities based on national, cultural, social traditions that have developed from different regions. For example, for national Republics poverty is not like for the others but it is connected with national, cultural traditions. For example, we live in autochthonous society, because it’s our traditions of national cultural. We will never have poverty in that form. Why? Because we will always help each other. We have family ties despite the pace of life, despite the fact that the World Wide Web ties everyone up despite national differences. Here is this clear tribal connection. We will never be poor or hungry in the habitual form that exists in other regions or in other communities. Nevertheless, this problem, it becomes a quasi-problem. Despite the national peculiarity, it binds everyone. One way or another, it’s the pace of life, the directions and forms that it takes on social life, it still penetrates and breaks some kind of national partitions.
For example, in our country, with regard to the main income, indeed land, forests, nature itself was initially given to everyone. therefore, everyone should use it fairly. But we live in a federal state. And we have a single legal field, but nonetheless, we have our own characteristics. This is due to the fact that we know our tribal settlements, we know how to use them. And we have in the framework of the federal legal field there are some features that suggest that here, for example, we have a huge steppe. Steppes are not given into private ownership. no one has the right to redeem them. With us, all this is leased to tribal communities so that they use it together and so on.
Nevertheless, for example, a large oil pipeline was laid across the territory of the steppe. This is the Caspian Pipeline Consortium, one of the largest oil pipelines, it goes from Kazakhstan through some countries. Including through Russia and some regions, including through Kalmykia. The land was excavated, seized a while, government gave people money for the use of this land, temporarily, then buried this pipe, returned the land. And from the pipe and the fact that it floats, in the form of oil, oil-dollars, we have no use. Why? Because it belongs to private investors. And these private investors are paying the income that comes from this pipeline. They pay to the federal center. On the spot, the land was returned to the same farmers, the same livestock breeders. They use this land, but they can not use the resources what is under it. This is unfair. This is a small example, which suggests that this problem is really very serious. It requires a fair decision. I think that some forms of solution will be found.
- Specifically, in our country is it possible to implement?
- Yes, in our country it is possible, but very difficult. I hope that there will be an initiative group of people. And most important, that people should be active and should fight and support that group of initiative people. And then I think, of course, the problem will be solved. Many of the questions that initially arose - no one ever thought that they would be resolved, but they are being quietly resolved. I think that this problem will also be resolved. The most important thing is not to turn a blind eye to the problem and that’s all, everything will be fine.
- So you think this is an important issue?
- This is of course very important subject. The well-being of people, of each of us, is the most basic question. Therefore, being determines everything.