英語3

英語3

escalation
a situation in which something becomes more serious:
It's difficult to explain the recent escalation in/of violent crime.

clinical staff
the employees engaged in delivering healthcare

variability
the quality of being likely to change
The polar regions exhibit the largest climatic variability on Earth.

security
the feeling of being confident in one's family
Most children need the security of a stable family life.

pastryˈpeɪ·stri
a sweet, baked food made of a mixture of flour

flaʊər/ flour
powder made from grain, especially wheat,

raisin ˈreɪ.zən
a dried black grape

name tag
badge attached to an object

badge
a small piece of metal with picture on it
Everyone at the conference wore a badge with their name on .

ˌæv.əˈkɑː.dəʊ avocado
a tropical fruit with thick, dark green skin


tote bag
a large bag used for carrying a number of items.

grip
a way of holding somethin
She has a strong grip.

lift
an act of lifting or raising something:
Give it one more lift and we'll have it at the top of the stairs.

location
a place or position:
The hotel is in a beautiful location overlooking the lake.

ˌɪn·tuˈɪʃ·ən
an ability to know something without needing to think about it
You should trust your intuition in making your decision.

plan of action
a set of decisions about what to do
Detailed plans of action are required to address the crisis.


itinerary
a detailed plan
The tour operator will arrange transport and plan your itinerary.

approach
a way of considering something:
Since our research so far has not produced any answers to this problem
Michael is always very logical in his approach.

exit strategy
a plan of how someone will end something

testosterone ˌtesˈtɒs.tər.əʊn
a male hormone that causes a stage of growth

overview
a short description of something
I’ll give you a brief overview of what the job involves.


civil engineer
an engineer who designs and maintains roads

fire truck
a vehicle carrying firefighters

catering
any job making or serving food :
I've always wanted to work in catering.
Who is going to do the catering

tap
a device that controls the flow of liquid
She turned the tap on and filled up the kettle.

kettle
a container for boiling water


caption
a short piece of text under a picture
He drew cartoons with captions.

træk
the ground which trains travel
Passengers are requested not to walk across the tracks.

estimate
a calculation of approximately how large something is:
I can only make a rough estimate of how many people will attend.


party
a group of people who are involved in an activity
a party of tourists


daɪˈrek.tɪv
an official instruction:
The boss issued a directive about not using the fax machine.


recession
a period when the economy of a country is not successful
The country is sliding into the depths of recession.

savings
the money that you keep in an account
He spent all his savings on an expensive car.



lift
a device like a box that moves up and down
Take the lift to the sixth floor.

middle finger
a sign that is considered rude,
He just gave them the middle finger and kept driving.


escalator
a set of stairs moved up or down by electric power

stiffness
inability to move easily and without pain.
"stretching exercises ease stiffness in the legs"

fortune teller
a person who tells you what they think will happen to you in the future

stairs
a set of steps that lead from one level of a building to another:
Go up the stairs and her office is on the right.


reaction
an action that is a direct result of something else:
I love to watch people's reactions when I say who I am.

negative
a bad feature or characteristic:
He always looks for the negatives in any situation.


prank
a trick that is intended to be funny
we were always playing pranks on our teachers.

overdose  /ˈoʊ·vərˌdoʊs/
an amount of a medicine or drug that is too large:
an accidental overdose of acetaminophen

acetaminophen  /əˌsiː.təˈmɪn.ə.fen/
a drug used to reduce pain

aspirin /ˈæs.prɪn/
a common drug that reduces pain, fever, and swelling:
I always take a couple of aspirins when I feel a cold starting.

swelling
a part of your body that has become bigger
Put your foot into cold water to help the swelling go down.

boots
a type of shoe that covers the whole foot and the lower part

pass
ticket showing that you have the right to do
a boarding pass


toughness
the quality of being not easily defeated
He demonstrated the skills and mental toughness that are crucial for a goalkeeper.

scholarship
organization to pay for the studies of a person
He got/won a scholarship to Harvard.

steel
a strong metal that is a mixture of iron and carbon
a steel helmet

glider
a light aircraft that is designed to fly without using an engine.

prototype
the first example of something, such as a machine
a prototype for/of a new car

eye discharge /sleep
a collection of mucus  in the corner of your eye



tulip
a plant with a large, brightly coloured, bell-shaped flower

stem
a central part of something from which other parts can develop or grow

stem
the thin vertical part of a glass or similar container that joins the part
Champagne glasses usually have long stems.

blockage
something that stops something else passing through:
His death was caused by a blockage in one of his arteries.
"a blockage in the pipes"

mess
something or someone that looks dirty or untidy:
UK Jem's house is always in a mess.
Go and clean up that mess in the kitchen.
My hair's such a mess today!

mess
an animal's solid waste:
Fido left another mess on the carpet.

mess
a situation that is full of problems:
She said that her life was a mess.
I got myself into a mess by telling a lie.

mess
a person whose life is full of problems they cannot deal with:
After the divorce he was a real mess and started drinking too much.

dɪˈvɔːs
legal process to end a marriage
The last I heard they were getting a divorce.
Divorce is on the increase.
What are the chances of a marriage ending in divorce?


court
a place where trials and other legal cases happen,
Protestors gathered outside the court to await the verdict.
in court He's due to appear in court again on Monday.

throw
an act of throwing something:
a throw of the dice

throw
a large piece of cloth that you use to cover a chair, sofa, etc.
A throw can protect a new sofa or enhance the appearance of an old, tired one.

enhancement
the process of improving the quality
memory enhancement
Enhancements made to websites often result in increased page views.

shooting
the action or practice of shooting with a gun.
"the events that led up to the shooting of the man"

machine gun
an automatic gun that fires bullets
"machine-gun fire"

bullet
a small, metal object that is shot from a gun:
A bullet had lodged in the boy's leg.



-breaker
someone who does not obey a law or rule, etc.:
a lawbreaker

pipe
a tube inside which liquid or gas flows from one place to another:
a water/gas/sewer pipe




hold
the act of holding something or someone, or the way you do this:
Keep a tight hold on your tickets.


hold
power or control over something or someone:
Their company has a strong hold on the computer market.



case study
something or someone that can be used as an example to show general principles:
a case study on/of/in sth The town can be seen as an interesting case study on the effects of globalization.

globalization
the increase of trade around the world, especially by large companies producing and trading goods in many different countries:
We must take advantage of the increased globalization of the commodity trading business.

ecological footprint
the amount of the earth's energy that someone or something uses:
I'm trying to reduce my ecological footprint by cycling more and driving less.

footprint
the mark made by a person's or animal's foot

fragrance
a sweet or pleasant smell:
the delicate fragrance of roses

telescope
a cylindrical device that you look through to make objects that are far away look nearer

tariff
a tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports.
"the reduction of trade barriers and import tariffs"

duty
something that you have to do
The duty of the agency is to act in the best interests of the child.


duty on sth
a tax paid to the government, especially on things that you bring into a country:
There's a high duty on alcohol.


activist
a person who campaigns to bring about political or social change.
"activists have been calling for change"


footprint
a measurement of the size, effect, etc. of something:
We have partnered with nearby farms, hoping to reduce the carbon footprint of our delivery trucks.

ˌpɑː.səˈbaɪ
someone who is going past a particular place
The gunmen opened fire, killing a policeman and a passer-by.


leaflet
a piece of paper that gives you information or advertises something:
Demonstrators handed out leaflets to passers-by.
A leaflet about the new bus services came through the door today.

pamphlet
pæm.flət/ US  /ˈpæm.flət/
a thin book with only a few pages that gives information or an opinion about something


lifehack
a strategy or technique adopted in order to manage one's time and daily activities

distraction
a thing that prevents someone from concentrating on something else.
"the firm found passenger travel a distraction from the main business of moving freight"

slump
a sudden severe or prolonged fall in the price, value, or amount of something.
"a slump in profits"

slump
a period of substantial failure or decline.
"Arsenal's recent slump"

the real deal
someone or something that is very good and has all the qualities that people say they have:
His performance proved he's the real deal.

the real deal
the facts about something:
The booklet gives you the real deal on smoking.

booklet
a very thin book with a small number of pages

ace
a person who excels at a particular sport or other activity.
"a motorcycle ace"

goat
an animal with horns that is kept for the milk it produces



bonus
an extra amount of money that is given to you


bonus
a pleasant extra thing:
I love the job, and it's an added bonus that it's so close to home.

slavery
the activity of legally owning other people who are forced to work
Those states still had slavery.

matrix
a group of other things arranged in a rectangle
They use a matrix which classifies the company's product or service on one axis from A to E.




given
something that is certain to happen:
You can take it as a given that there will be champagne at the wedding.
It’s a given that if he is defeated for reelection, he’ll be offered a position in the administration.

balance
the ability to remain standing
the body maintain balance.


on balance
after thinking about all the different facts or opinions:
I would say that, on balance, it hasn't been a bad year.
On balance, I believe he was a good president.

account
the amount of money you have in a bank account,
The bank doesn't pay interest on current account balances.

upstairs
the higher floor of a building:
Sadly, the upstairs of the house was gutted by fire.
There were shouts from upstairs.

shout
the act of saying something very loudly
Her speech was interrupted by angry shouts from the audience.

rooftop
the outside surface of the roof of a building:
Police with rifles were stationed on the rooftops.

concern
if a company is sold as a going concern, it is sold when it is operating normally:
They will get a better price if they sell the restaurant as a going concern rather than closing it down.

contaminant
a substance that makes something less pure
Make sure that all equipment is clean and free of contaminants.

mud
earth that has been mixed with water:
The vehicles got bogged down in the heavy mud.

mud
wet, sticky earth:
The car got stuck in the mud.

flat
a set of rooms for living
They have a house in the country and a flat in Manchester.

flat
an area of low, level ground, often near water:
The mud flats attract large numbers of birds.

the flat of your hand
the palm and fingers when they are held straight and level:
He hit me with the flat of his hand.



the following
(often used to introduce a list, report, etc.) of what comes next:
The following is an extract from her diary

origin
where a person was born:
He is of North African origin.
What is your country of origin?

origin
the particular way in which something started to exist
The story has obscure origins

origin
the place where something was made
The furniture was French in origin.
All these products must state their country of origin



take advantage of something
to use the good things in a situation:
I thought I'd take advantage of the sports facilities while I'm here.

management
the control and organization of something:
The company has suffered from several years of bad management.

complaint
a statement that something is wrong or not satisfactory:
We've had complaints that you've been playing your radio too loud.

secret
a piece of information that is only known by a few people
A close couple should have no secrets from each other.

secret
a fact about a subject that is not known:
the secrets of the universe

secret
the particular knowledge and skills needed to do something very well:
So what's the secret of being a good cook?

universe
everything that exists, especially all physical matter
Is there intelligent life elsewhere in the universe?





take advantage of someone/
to treat someone badly in order to get something good from them:
I think she takes advantage of his good nature.

a person who is opposed to the political system in their country and tries to change it using force :
The rebels took over the capital and set up a new government.
rebel troops/fighters

a person who does not like rules or authority, and shows this by behaving differently from most people in society:
He was a rebel when he was a teenager and dyed his hair pink.

people in general living together in an organized way, making decisions about how to do things, and sharing the work that needs to be done:
Society cannot expect perfection in products and services, but it can expect that corporations will always act responsibly.
These fraudsters are preying on the poorest and the most vulnerable people in society.

innovation
a new idea or method:
Another innovation for the Olympics was sprint suits for runners.

perfection
the state of being complete
In his quest for physical perfection, he spends hours in the gym.

to perfection
extremely well:
The fish was cooked to perfection.
In the last few minutes of the football game, they tried a trick play, and it worked to perfection.

a hole or space that something or someone can pass through:
The children crawled through an opening in the fence.

a ceremony at the beginning of an event or activity:
The official opening of the new school will take place next month.

the beginning of something:
The opening of the novel is amazing.

something that exists apart from other things, having its own independent existence:
The museums work closely together, but are separate legal entities.
He regarded the north of the country as a separate cultural entity.



a job or an opportunity to do something:
There's an opening for an editorial assistant in our department.


a planned way of doing something:
These bomb attacks represent a change of tactics by the terrorists.

tactics
the organization and use of soldiers and equipment in war:
We should leave it to the military men to organize the tactics.


stapler
a device used to attach papers together with staples

an illness in which the body's solid waste is more liquid than usual and comes out of the body more often:
diarrhoea and sickness
an attack of diarrhoea

a violent act intended to hurt or damage someone or something:
a racist attack
Enemy forces have made an attack on the city.
The town was once again under attack (= being attacked).

a sudden and short period of illness:
an attack of asthma/flu/malaria
figurative an attack of the giggles

the part of a team in some sports that tries to score points:
The team has a strong attack, but its defence is weak.
The team is strong inattack but useless in defence.

the act of protecting someone or something against attack or criticism :
He published an essay in defence of the freedom of the press.
These people have died in the defence of liberty.
She angrily came to her friend's defence.

the view behind something:
The mountains form a dramatic backdrop to the little village.

the general situation in which particular events happen:
Their love affair began against a backdrop of war.

clock
a device for measuring and showing time,
The clock began to strike twelve.


turn the clock back
to change the time on your clocks to an hour earlier
Don't forget to turn the clocks back tonight.

turn the clocks forward
to change the time on your clocks to an hour later
We turn the clocks forward today, so our children will be short of sleep.

the clock
a speedometer
I was only doing 30 mph on the clock.

speedometer
a device in a vehicle that shows how fast the vehicle is moving

to someone's credit
used to say that someone should be praised for something, although there may be other things about them that are not good:
To his credit, he is honest about the problems the business faces.


a credit to something
to do something that makes us feel proud
She is a credit to her family.

credit
the fact of being trusted to pay back money
I own a home and my credit is good, so why have I been refused a loan?


refund
an amount of money that is given back to you,
If you overpaid, you should demand a refund.

ˈʃuː.tɪŋ
an occasion when someone is injured by a bullet shot
There have been a number of shootings in the capital this week.


eligibility
the fact of having the necessary
qualities or satisfying the necessary conditions:
I'll have to check her eligibility to take part.

allowance
money that you are given regularly,
The perks of the job include a company pension and a generous travel allowance.


allowance
an amount of something that you are allowed:
The luggage allowance for most flights is 20 kilos.

layer
a level of material, such as a type of rock or gas,
the ozone layer
There was a thin layer of oil on the surface of the water.

layer
the group of people at a particular level in an organization:
We've cut the number of management layers from five to three.

hairdresser
a person who cuts people's hair and puts it into a style,
I've got a four o'clock appointment at the hairdresser's.

crayfish
a small animal that lives in rivers and is similar to a lobster, or its flesh eaten as food

material
a physical substance that things can be made from:
Crude oil is used as the raw material for making plastics.

material
cloth that can be used to make things such as clothes:
How much material will you need to make the skirt?

chill
a feeling of cold:
There was a chill in the air this morning.

playlist
a list of pieces of music chosen by someone
The song is on the playlist

buffet
a meal where people serve themselves food that is arranged on a table:


sincerity
honesty:
The priest was a man of deep sincerity.

sin
the offence of breaking law:
I have committed a sin, for which I humbly apologize.
He thinks a lot about sin.


crime
illegal activities:
The rate of violent crime fell last month.

crime
an illegal act:
He has not been charged with any crime and has denied wrongdoing.

character
qualities in someone that makes them different from others:
Politeness is traditionally part of the British character.


character
a person represented in a film, play, or story:

character
a person, especially when you are describing a particular quality that they have:
She's a curious character - I don't really know what to think of her.


pregnancy
the state of being pregnant:
My first pregnancy was very straightforward


grandma
a grandmother:
I'm going to visit my grandma on Sunday.


grandmaster
(the rank of) a person who plays the game of chess with the highest level of skill

abbreviation
a short form of a word or phrase:
"ITV" is the abbreviation for "Independent Television".

initial
the first letter of a name,
He wrote his initials, P.M.R., at the bottom of the page.

letter
symbols used to write a language,
She wrote her name on the board in large letters.


to the letter
if you obey instructions or rules to the letter, you do exactly what you have been told to do, giving great attention to every detail:
I followed the instructions to the letter and it still went wrong.

details
information about someone or something:
take down the details of A police officer took down the details of what happened.

the small features of something that you only notice when you look carefully:
I was just admiring the detail in the doll's house - even the tins of food have labels on them.
eye for detail It's his eye for (= ability to notice) detail that distinguishes him as a painter.

go into detail
to tell or include all the facts about something:
I won't go into detail over the phone, but I've been having a few health problems recently.

out of joint
If a joint in the body is out of joint, it has been put or forced out of its correct position by accident:
I put my shoulder out of joint last weekend lifting heavy boxes.


admissions
the process of accepting people into a university, school, etc. as students, or the part of a university, school, etc. that deals with this:
We want to encourage greater age diversity in university admissions.


have no option (but to do something)
to have to do a particular thing because there is no possibility of doing anything else:
After her appalling behaviour, we had no option but to dismiss her.

period
a length of time:
Her work means that she spends long periods away from home.
in the same period the year before.
in/over a period of 15 people were killed in/over a period of four days.
over a period The study will be carried out over a six-month period.

period
a fixed time during the life of a person or in history:
The house was built during the Elizabethan period.

period
in school, a division of time in the day when a subject is taught:
We have six periods of science a week.

period
one of the fixed times that a sports game is divided into
The match was won and lost in the first period

etiquette
the set of rules that control accepted behaviour in  social groups
Social etiquette


custom
something you usually do:
He left the house at nine exactly, as is his custom.

custom
the people who buy things or services from it:
Most of our custom comes from tourists nowadays.
If we don't give good service, people will take their custom elsewhere.



customs
the place at a port, airport, or border where travellers' bags are looked at to find out if any goods are being carried illegally:
go through customs It took us ages to go through customs.

sir
one who you are providing a service to
Would you like to see the menu, sir?
"Did you hear what I said?" "Yes, Sir."


give something a miss
to avoid or not do something:
We usually go to France in the summer, but we've decided to give it a miss this year.


dental floss
Ed searches the shelves for dental floss, but can't find any.


bacteria
very small organisms that are found everywhere and are the cause of many diseases

in connection with something
on the subject of something:
They want to talk to you in connection with an unpaid tax bill.

connections
the people you know and who can help you:
He only got the job because of his connections!



in succession
happening one after another:
in rapid succession She had her first three children in rapid succession.

closure
the act of stopping operations of a business, school, hospital, etc.:
A storm forced the closure of many schools and businesses.

bring closure to
the feeling or act of bringing something bad to an end:
a sense of closure
Yesterday’s vote will bring closure to a painful chapter in history.


to someone's satisfaction
in a way that a particular person can believe or accept:
The boy explained to the satisfaction of the court why he had lied.
in a way that a particular person feels pleased or satisfied with:
He won't get paid until he completes the job to my satisfaction.


by appointment
at a previously arranged time:
House for sale, two bedrooms. Viewing by appointment only.


reactions
someone's ability to act quickly when something happens:
You need to have quick reactions to play these computer games.


reflexes
the ability to react quickly:
good reflexes Fighter pilots need good reflexes.








in confidence
If you tell something to someone in confidence, you do not want them to tell anyone else:
Any personal data you provide to us will be held in confidence.

take someone into your confidence
to share your secrets with someone, trusting them not to tell other people:
I should never have taken him into my confidence.

pesticide
a chemical substance used to kill harmful insects
The pesticides that farmers spray on their crops kill pests

sanction
a strong action taken in order to make people obey a law, or a punishment


hike
an increase in the cost of something
The recent hike in train fares came as a shock to commuters.

commuter
someone who regularly travels between work and home:
The train was packed with commuters.

disruption
an interruption in the usual way
It would cause a tremendous disruption to our work schedule to install a different computer system.

increase
a rise in the amount
an increase of six percent.
Any increase in production would be helpful.

on the increase
increasing:
Homelessness is on the increase in many cities.

decrease
a reduction
I haven't noticed much decrease in interest.

record
the facts they have done in the past:
I won't fly with an airline that has a bad safety record

fee
an amount of money paid for service
university fees

pecker
a man's penis.

ˌsprɪŋ ˈʌn.jən spring onion
green and white onion

check suit
suit that come with a checked pattern.

sophistication
qualities of refinement, good taste, and wisdom.


bɪˈlʌv.ɪd
someone that you love
He's sending some flowers to his beloved.

copyright
the legal right of the owner of intellectual property


ˈjɒɡ.ət yogurt
a slightly sour, thick liquid made from milk with bacteria

front desk
reception desk in a hotel or large organization

ˈlɔːn.dri
a business that washes clothes,


price tag
a label showing the price of an item

rising panic
extreme anxiety, fear, an elevated heart rate

one sided love
love that is not openly understood as such by the beloved.

directions
information or orders telling you what to do:
I couldn't understand the directions on the packet.

mʌl.tiˈkʌl.tʃər.əl.ɪ.zəm
the belief that different cultures within a society should all be given importance

eθˈnɪs.ə.ti
a large group of people with a shared culture, language, history,
Ethnicity is not considered when reviewing applications.

brain death
when no longer has any brain functions

craving
a powerful desire for something.
"a craving for chocolate"

ˌɪn.təˈven.ʃən
the action of becoming intentionally involved in a difficult situation

ˈkɒn.sɪ.kwəns
a result of a particular action
the consequence that follows


ˈlæk.təʊs
a type of sugar that is found in milk

ˈʃeəˌhəʊl.dər
a person who owns shares in a company


ˈbreɪ.vər.i bravery
brave behaviour

əˈnaʊn.sər
someone who reads the news
TV announcer

ˈɪm.pɔːt
goods bought by one country from another:
restrictions on foreign imports

greatest of all time
something which is considered the best in a certain category


inside
the side of something inside
Did you clean the inside of the car?

foam
a substance like cream that is filled with bubbles of air:
shaving foam

spʌndʒ
a soft substance that is full of small holes and can absorb a lot of liquid

detached house
the building does not share walls with other houses

hate crime
crimes committed because of their race or religion


dɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si
not having enough of something that is needed:
Pregnant women often suffer from iron deficiency.
Deficiencies in education

core
the basic and most important part
The lack of government funding is at the core of the problem.

zero tolerance
ˌzɪə.rəʊ ˈtɒl.ər.əns
punishing all criminal unacceptable behaviour severely, even if it is not very serious:
The police are exercising a new policy of zero tolerance against motoring offenders.


lava
hot liquid rock that comes out of the earth through a volcano
molten lava

fabric
material for making clothes,
cotton fabrics

core
the hard central part of fruits that contains the seeds:
Don't throw your apple core on the floor!

homosexual
a person who is sexually attracted to people of their own sex.

cylinderˈsɪl.ɪn.dər
tube with long straight sides and two circular ends the same size

vælv
a device that opens and closes to control the flow of liquids or gases
The valve failed to open/close.

sɪˈrɪndʒ syringe
cylinder-shaped piece of equipment used for sucking liquid

disregard
the action of paying no attention to something.
blatant disregard for the law


lesbian
a woman who is sexually
attracted exclusively to other women

rainbow
an arch of colours visible in the sky

balance
the amount of money you have left
Once we know how much money we'll need, let's spend the balance.

spirit
the way a person is feeling
I've been in high/low spirits (= feeling happy/sad) lately.


hike
a long walking tour.
"a five-mile hike across rough terrain"

evil
something that is very bad and harmful:
Drug addiction is one of today's great social evils.


sewer
a large pipe, usually underground, that is used for carrying waste water

custody
the legal right to care for something, especially a child after its parents have separated
Who has custody of the children?


custody
the state of being kept in prison
The suspect is now in custody.


criminal
a person who has committed a crime.
"these men are dangerous criminals"



sprawl
a large area of land covered with buildings, especially ones that have been added gradually
the urban sprawl of South Florida


honor
great respect for someone, or the feeling of pride
It is an honor to meet you.


reimbursement
the act of paying back money
She has received reimbursement for some of her costs.

cognition
the mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding
these infections can adversely affect cognition



nod
a movement up and down with the head:
Chen gave her a nod of recognition across the crowded room.

irony
something which was intended to have a particular result has the opposite result:
The irony (of it) is that the new tax system will burden those it was intended to help.

burden
a heavy load that you carry:
The little donkey struggled under its heavy burden.

bluefin tuna
a large type of tuna the flesh of this fish eaten as food:



depression
the state of feeling very unhappy and without hope for the future:
I was overwhelmed by feelings of depression.

sleet
wet, partly melted falling snow:
Driving snow and sleet brought more problems to the county's roads last night.

depression
a period in which there is very little business activity and not many jobs:


conclusion
the opinion you have after considering
Did you draw any conclusions at the meeting this morning?

wisdom
the ability to use your knowledge  to make good decisions
I certainly hope to gain a little wisdom as I grow older.

image right
rights owned by the individual with regards to their persona

kwəʊˈteɪ.ʃən
a phrase or short piece of writing taken from a longer work of literature
The title is a quotation from Shakespeare.

snowline
the level on a mountain above which snow is found for most

registration
the act of recording a name or information on an official list:
voter registration

blur
something that you cannot see clearly:
If I don't wear my glasses, everything is just a blur.

blur
something that you cannot remember or understand
The last few days seem to have gone by in a blur.

drift
a pile of snow or something similar, formed by the wind:
The snow lay in deep drifts.



backpacker
a person who travels carrying their belongings
"backpackers who braved the country's interior"

rucksack
bag with straps that go over your shoulders



maracas
a musical instrument consisting of two hollow containers filled with beans

remoteness
the fact of being far from any towns
Getting medicine to them is difficult due to the remoteness of the villages affected by the quake.

reflection
the image of something in a mirror
Narcissus fell in love with his own reflection in a pool of water.

reflection
the return of light, heat, sound, or energy from a surface:
He put silver foil around the fire to increase heat reflection.

reflection
serious and careful thought:
On reflection (= after considering it), I decided I had been wrong.
After 30 years as a judge, her reflections on/about justice were well worth listening to.

a reflection on sth
something that makes other people have a particular opinion about something, especially a bad
Low test scores are a sad reflection on our school system.

agony
extreme physical or mental pain or suffering:
We've both suffered agonies of guilt over what happened.
It must be agony for them to say goodbye.

suffering
physical or mental pain that a person  is feeling
The war will cause widespread human suffering.

sufficiency
an amount of something that is enough
Will there still be a sufficiency of resources
There is concern over the sufficiency of plans to tackle the problem.


slang
very informal language that is usually spoken especially by particular groups of people:
"Chicken" is slang for someone who isn't very brave.



cultist
a member of a religious cult

spread
the area or range covered by something:
The survey found a wide spread of opinion over the proposed new building.
Few other corporate roles require such a broad spread of knowledge and experience.

spread
a soft food for putting on bread and biscuits:
cheese/chocolate/fish spread
There's bread and various spreads for tea.

spread
the act of spreading knowledge, information,
The web allows the rapid spread of information.
The feedback system enables the spread of best practice.



discomfort
a feeling of being uncomfortable physically or mentally,
a little discomfort You may feel a little discomfort for a few days after the operation.


luxury
great comfort, especially as provided by expensive and beautiful things:
to live in luxury
a luxury cruise
a luxury hotel


downside
the negative aspect of something otherwise regarded as good
"he says being a rock star is a fun line of work when you're young, but admits fame can have its downsides"

infection
an infectious disease.

presence
a group of people, especially soldiers or police stationed in a place
"the US would maintain a presence in the Indian Ocean region"

poop
solid waste from the body

fart
an emission of wind from the anus.
do a fart

elbow
the part in the middle of the arm where it bends,
Her arm was bandaged from the elbow to the fingers.

hydration
the process of causing something to absorb water.
"the human body requires adequate hydration to function properly"

humanity
understanding and kindness towards other people:
If only he would show/display a little humanity for once.

lottery
a system of selling numbered tickets and giving prizes to those people chosen by chance:
Even if she won the lottery, Paige says she’d still keep her job.

revenue
the income that a government or company receives regularly:
Taxes provide most of the government's revenue.

equivalent
something that has the same amount, value
There is no English equivalent for "bon appetit"
that's the equivalent of the population of this town.

recognition
people show admiration and respect for your achievements


matchup
a competition between two teams or people:
The matchup turned out to be the most exciting race of the Olympics so far.



hemisphere
one of two halves of the earth,
the northern/southern hemisphere

threat
a suggestion that something violent will happen,
Her parents carried out their threat to take away her mobile phone if her grades didn't improve.



under threat of something
to be in a situation where people are threatening you
She left the country under threat of arrest if she returned.

aftermath
the period that follows an unpleasant event the effects that it causes
Many more people died in the aftermath of the explosion.

bruise
an injury appearing as an area of discoloured skin on the body,
"his body was a mass of bruises after he had been attacked"



eyelash
short curved hairs growing on the edges of the eyelids, serving to protect the eyes

eyelid
each of the upper and lower folds of skin which cover the eye when closed.

fold
a line or mark where paper, cloth, etc. is folded:
If you just make folds along the dotted lines

lower body
The lower part of the body

baldness
the condition of having little or no hair on the head:
There is no cure for baldness.

extension
a part that is added to something to enlarge or prolong it.
"the railway's southern extension"

tornado
a strong, dangerous wind that forms itself into an upside-down spinning cone

shower
a cubicle or bath in which a person stands under a spray of water
all rooms have private shower and WC"

walk
an act of travelling or an outing on foot.
"he was too restless to sleep, so he went out for a walk

pickup
the act of picking someone or something up,
The pickup point for the long-distance coaches is now in the new bus station.

leak
an intentional disclosure of something private.
"one of the employees was responsible for the leak"

leak
a hole or crack through which a liquid or gas can flow out of a container,
There's water on the floor - we must have a leak.

suspicion
a belief or idea that something may be true:
I have a suspicion that he only asked me out because my brother persuaded him to.

arrest
the act of using legal authority to catch and take someone to a place
He was placed under arrest by federal marshals.

tolerance
the ability to bear something unpleasant
I don’t have much tolerance for hot, humid weather.

miniskirt
a very short skirt.

extension
a length of electric cable which permits the use of appliances at some distance



perimeter
the outer edge of an area of land
A river runs along one side of the field's perimeter.

suck
the action of sucking something:
Can I have a suck of your lollipop, please?

lollipop
a hard candy on the end of a small stick

jet lag
the feeling of tiredness and  that people experience after making a long journey by plane
Every time I fly to the States, I get really bad jet lag.

a yawn
something or someone that is very boring:
The whole conference was a bit of a yawn.
A two-hour meeting - what a yawn!

yawn
an act of yawning:
stifle a yawn Her eyes watered as she tried to stifle (= stop) a yawn.

lantern
a light inside a container that has a handle for holding it

stiff neck
often occurs when one of the muscles becomes tense.