英語4

英語4


flame
burning gas from something on fire:
The flames grew larger as the fire spread.

houseplant
a plant which is grown indoors.

bound
a quick, long jump:
With one bound the dog was over the fence.

slave
a person who is legally owned by someone
I'm tired of being treated like a slave!

live stream
a broadcast of the video of an event over the internet as it happens:
You can watch a live stream of her speech on our website.




lust
a very strong sexual desire:
I don't think it's love so much as lust.

ˌveə.riˈeɪ.ʃən
a change in amount or level:
regional variations in house prices"


transparency
the characteristic of being easy to see through:
The old-fashioned type of plastic lacked transparency.

contributor
a person who helps by giving money by other people:
a campaign contributor
He became a regular contributor to The New Yorker.


minimalist
someone who takes as little action as possible:
Minimalists think that government should be minimized.

innocence
lack of guilt:
He acts like he doesn’t have to prove his innocence.

hater
a person who greatly dislikes a specified person

mix
a combination:
There was an odd mix of people at Patrick's party.

karma
the force produced by a person’s actions which influences what happens to that person in future lives

pretense
a way of behaving that is intended to deceive people:
He made no pretense of looking for work.
Money was collected under false pretenses (= by deceiving people).


troll
an ugly creature depicted as either a giant

dizziness
a temporary feeling that your sense of balance is not good
The sight of blood may cause dizziness in some people.


courtesy ˈkɜː.tə.si/
polite behavior, or a polite action or remark:
You might get along better with your parents if you showed them some courtesy.
He could at least have had the courtesy to say sorry.


outsider
a person who does not belong to a particular organization
"to the outsider, glitzy fashion shows may seem an outrageous extravagance"

algorithm
mathematical rules that, given to a computer to calculate an answer
Music apps use algorithms to predict the probability that fans of one particular band will like another.




sardine
a small sea fish that can be eaten:
a tin of sardines

flatfish
any thin flat sea fish, such as a plaice or a sole

elder
an older person, one with a respected position
You should listen to the advice of your elders.


hygiene
the degree to which people keep themselves
Poor standards of hygiene mean that the disease spreads fast.

standard
a level of quality
"their restaurant offers a high standard of service"

norm
an accepted standard or a way of behaving
Europe's varied cultural, political and ethical norms
accepted social norms

the norm
a situation or type of behaviour that is considered to be typical:
One child per family is fast becoming the norm in some countries.


civilization
the process of educating a society so that its culture becomes more developed:
The civilization of Britain by the Romans took years to complete.

regime
a particular government
The old corrupt, totalitarian regime was overthrown.
Chinese regime

ignorance
lack of knowledge or information.
"he acted in ignorance of basic procedures"

justice
the condition of being morally correct or fair:
He accused the police of false arrest and demanded justice.

dignity
calm, serious, and controlled behaviour that makes people respect you:
He is a man of dignity and calm determination.
She has a quiet dignity about her.


bench
a long seat for several people,
"a park bench"

apartment
a suite of rooms forming one residence
"the family lived in a rented apartment"

slap
a blow with the palm of the hand or a flat object.
"she gave her a slap across her cheek"

cheek
either side of the face below the eye.
"tears rolled down her cheeks"

pillow
a rectangular cloth bag filled with soft
Do you prefer a feather pillow or a foam pillow?

cushion
a bag made of cloth, plastic, or leather that is filled with soft material,
She sank back into the cushions.
He leaned back against the cushions

cushion
something that makes the effects less severe:
You should aim to build up a cushion of money in case of emergencies.



pollen
a powder produced by the male part of a flower

ease
the quality of needing little effort
She won the 400 metre race with ease.


pollination
Many species of tree depend on the wind for pollination.


position
the place where something or someone is,
Well, I've found our position on the map


addiction
an inability to stop doing something harmful
his addiction to alcohol

arcade ɑrˈkeɪd
an area where there are many electronic or other coin-operated games

ballpark
a baseball ground.

ˌse.rəˈtəʊ.nɪn serotonin  
a neurotransmitter that helps you feel relaxed and happy



drain
a pipe or channel that is used to carry away waste water
I think the kitchen drain is blocked.

chicken legs
train nothing but their upper body

ˈkɒm.plɪ.mənt
a remark that expresses respect:
I take it as a compliment

manners
polite ways of treating other people and behaving in public:
He needs to be taught some manners.


ˈdrʌm.stɪk
a stick for beating a drum

trash talk
insulting talk about someone
I don't want any trash-talk out of either one of you!

gut
a person's large stomach
He's got a huge beer gut

chicken nuggets
small pieces of chicken fried in batter

sensitive
easily upset by the things people say or do

label
a piece of paper that gives you information about the object it is attached to:
Remember to put some address labels on the suitcases.

ˈtrʌb.əlˌmeɪ.kər
a person who habitually causes difficulty or problems,

ˈtɜː.bjə.ləns
strong sudden movements within air or water:
We might be experiencing some turbulence on this flight


my gut
a way of deciding what should be done based on how someone feels
My head said that I should go but my gut said I should stay.

head
the mind and mental abilities:
You need a clear head to be able to drive safely.
I can't get that tune out of my head .
Use your head!

headcount
the number of people at an event, or employed by a company:
the company was unwilling to increase the headcount

ˈkaʊnt.daʊn
the act of counting backwards to zero:
The countdown to the rocket launch will begin at 9.00 a.m.

absolute value
the distance from zero of a number on a number line

number line
a drawing that represents all the numbers that exist

ˈnʌm.bə ˌpleɪt
a sign on a road vehicle

sensor
a device that is used to record that something is present
heat sensor which detects the presence of people and animals.

sideline
an activity that you do as well as your main job:

hard copy
information from a computer that has been printed on paper

digital signature
a way of putting a person's name on an electronic document

simulation
a model of a set of problems that can be used to teach someone how to do something

əˈdæp.tɪv.nəs
the quality of being able to change to suit different conditions:
Flexibility and adaptiveness are important qualities in managers.

ˈaʊt.kʌm
a result of an action
It's too early to predict the outcome of the meeting.



ˈbʊf.eɪ
a meal consisting of several dishes from which guests serve themselves.
Are you having a buffet at the wedding?

dish
food prepared in a particular way as part of a meal:
a vegetarian dish

ˈbɑː.bɪ.kjuː
meat, cooked slowly on a metal frame
They serve the best barbecue in town.


prɒsˈper.ə.ti
the state of being successful
A country's future prosperity depends, to an extent, on the quality of education

/vəˈraɪ.ə.ti
a different type of something:
the different varieties of Spanish spoken in South America.

vəˈraɪ.ə.ti
the characteristic of being different:
When planning meals, you need to think about variety and taste as well as nutritional value.
genetic variety.

skwɒd
a small group of people trained to work together
The company was under investigation by the fraud squad.

another level
advanced than what is being discussed.
he is on another level

be in a position to do something
to be able to do something,
I'm not in a position to reveal any of the details of the project at present.

rail
the system of transport that uses trains:
Environmentalists argue that more goods should be transported by rail.


position
a job:
She applied for a position in the firm that I work for.

position
a rank or level in a company, competition,
your position in the company.
She finished the race in third position.


back
the inside or outside part of an object
If there's no reply at the front door, come round the back.
I found my tennis racket at the back of the cupboard.

position
the way in which something is arranged:
Keep the bottles in an upright position.
Rotate it slowly from the horizontal into a vertical position.


rail
a horizontal bar fixed in position,
Hold onto the rail so that you don't fall.


go off the rails
to start behaving in a way that is not generally acceptable:
He went off the rails in his first year at university.

spectator
a person who watches an activity, especially a sports event
They won 4–0 in front of over 40,000 cheering spectators.


geometry
mathematics relating to the study of space and the relationships between points, lines, curves, and surfaces:
the laws of geometry
a geometry lesson

curve
a line that bends continuously and has no straight parts:
a curve in the road
the curve of a graph

mosque
a building for Islamic religious activities and worship

worship
the act of worshipping God

worship
a lot of love for a particular thing
We're in an era of fitness and health worship.

admiration
the feeling of admiring someone or something:
My admiration for that woman grows daily.
She gazed in admiration at his broad, muscular shoulders.


vowel
a letter that represents a sound produced in this way:
The vowels in English are a, e, i, o, and u.

cheating
a person in a relationship has broken the agreement of the relationship

payroll
the total amount of money paid to the people employed

returnee
someone who returns to a place after living elsewhere:
many returnees bring back a wealth of business experience.

family business
a business that is owned by a  family.
"he took over the family business after his father's death"

ex partner
a former spouse or partner

lifetime
the period of time during which someone lives

dʊˈreɪ·ʃən
the length of time that something lasts:
He planned a stay of two years’ duration.

transit
the movement of goods or people from one place to another:
The question is whether road transit is cheaper than rail.

madness
stupid or dangerous behaviour:
To begin a war would be sheer madness.


inch
length, equal to 2.54 centimetres, sometimes shown by the symbol ″:
Twelve inches are equal to one foot.


informant
someone who gives information to another person
Our survey is based on information from over 200 informants.

bias
supporting or opposing a particular person or thing in an unfair way


left wing
the political left:
He's on the left wing of the party.

brutality
behaviour that is very cruel or violent
the brutalities of war
Seeing so much brutality towards prisoners


violence
extreme force:
We were all surprised at the violence of his anger.
The storm turned out to be one of unexpected violence.

force
physical strength:
The force of the wind had brought down a great many trees in the area.
She slapped his face with unexpected force.
Teachers aren't allowed to use force in the classroom.


insanity
the condition of being seriously mentally ill:
He was found not guilty of murder by reason of insanity.

blast
an enjoyable experience or event, often a party:
You should have come with us last night - we had a real blast!

blast
a sudden loud noise:
a blast of music
The coach blew three blasts on a whistle.

blast
a sudden strong blow of air:
A blast of cold air hit him as he opened the window.

blast
an explosion:
Three people were injured in the blast.

disgust
a strong feeling of disapproval and dislike
She walked out in disgust.


dislike
a feeling of not liking something or someone:
She has a dislike of cold weather.
His main dislikes about work are the noise and dust in the factory.


construction
the work of building something,
She works in construction.

brightness
the quality of shining with
The moon's brightness

brightness
the quality of looking happy or hopeful:
the brightness of her smile

outlook
the likely future situation:
The outlook for the economy is bleak.
The outlook for today is cloudy and dry

outlook
a person's way of understanding something:
He has a fairly positive outlook on life.

brightness
the quality of being intelligent and quick to learn:
From a young age her brightness was very clear.

inability
lack of ability to do something:
Inability to use a computer is a serious disadvantage

necessity
the need for something:
You can come early if you want to, but there's no necessity for it.


necessity
something that you need,
He regarded music as one of life's necessities.

negotiation
discussion between people who are trying to reach an agreement:

a minute
a very short time:

the minutes
the written record of what was said at a meeting:
Could you take the minutes, Daniel?

arrest
the act of arresting someone:
Two arrests were made

the remainder
the part of something that is left
I ate most of it and gave the remainder to the dog.
It rained the first day but the remainder of the trip was fine.

reminder
the amount that is left when one number cannot be exactly divided by another:
9 divided by 4 is 2, remainder 1.

deposit
a substance that is left after a liquid is removed:
The flood left a thick deposit of mud
the deposit of wine

deposit
a layer that has formed under the ground
mineral/oil/coal deposits

deposit
a payment, especially into a bank account:
To open an account, you need to make a minimum deposit of $500.

bottle
a container for liquids
a wine bottle
a bottle of beer

rubber
waterproof substance made from the juice of a tree
rubber boots


embarrassment
the feeling of being embarrassed, or something that makes you feel embarrassed:
She blushed with embarrassment.
an embarrassment to My parents are an embarrassment to me!

danger
something or someone that may harm you:
Icy roads are a danger to drivers.


danger of something
the possibility that something bad will happen:
If there's any danger of seeing Gary at the party, I'm not going.

payoff
a result that rewards you for your effort or work:
After years of study, the payoff is supposed to be a good job.

payoff
money paid to someone for something that you want done
He denied receiving any kickbacks or payoffs for giving a large contract to the company.

stance
a way of thinking about something, in a publicly stated opinion:

sticker
a small piece of plastic with a picture
There were two different price stickers on the shoes I wanted to buy.


stop
the act of stopping an activity
Please remain in your seat until the plane comes to a complete stop.
we made several stops along the way.

stop
a place where vehicles, especially buses, stop
I'm getting off at the next stop.


put a stop to something
to stop an unpleasant, unwanted activity or habit from continuing:
He used to smoke in bed when I first got to know him, but I soon put a stop to that!

delicacy
something especially rare or expensive that is good to eat:
In some parts of the world, sheep's eyes are considered a great delicacy.

delicacy
acting and speaking carefully so that no one is offended
He raised the matter with great delicacy.
I don't think you fully appreciate the delicacy of the situation.

mention
a short remark or written statement:
The story didn't even get a mention in the newspaper.
When I ordered the catalogue, there was no mention of any payment.

ˈkæt.əl.ɒɡ
a complete list of items


det
something, especially money, that is owed to someone else
He managed to pay off his debts in two years.
They are in debt to (= owe money to) the bank.
The company is deep in debt (= owes a lot of money).



addiction
the strong desire to do something,
His addiction began with prescription drugs.
I have an addiction to mystery stories.

adjustment
a small change:
She made a few minor adjustments to the focus of her camera.

adjustment
the ability to become more familiar with a new situation:
He has so far failed to make the adjustment from school to work.

ˈkæn.di
a sweet food made from sugar

ˈɡʌm.i gummy
a small sweet that needs to be chewed a lot

ˈtʃuː.ɪŋ ˌɡʌm
a sweet that you keep in your mouth and chew
Would you like a piece/stick of chewing gum?

adjustment
a slight change made to something to make it fit
A small adjustment at the right place
The finance minister will again delay the inflation adjustment

breach
an act of breaking a law
He was sued for breach of contract.
There have been ten serious security breaches



emission
the act of sending out gas, heat, light
Excess infrared emission was detected around six of these stars.


cut
an injury made when the skin is cut with something sharp:
a deep cut

cut
a piece of meat cut from a particular part of an animal:
Sirloin is the most expensive cut of beef.

cut
the shape into which something is cut:
I don't like the cut of these jeans.

cut
a reduction in the number, amount, or rate of something:
cut in expenditure


splash
liquid that has fallen or been dropped:
There were several splashes of white paint on the carpet.

splash
the noise of something hitting in water:
We heard a splash and then saw that Toni had fallen in the river.

shrinkage
a reduction in the size of something
5 percent shrinkage in its overall cover.

powder
a loose, dry substance that consists of extremely small pieces, chilli powder
A packet of white powder

description
what something is like
Write a description of your favourite beach.
She has given the police a very detailed description of the robber.


of every description
of all types
Boats of every description were entering the harbour.

witness
a person who sees an event happening

be witness to something
to see something happen
She was witness to the tragic event.

presence
the fact that something is in a place

bone fracture
a break or a crack in a bone.

lead
a piece of rope
Please keep your dog on a lead when on the beach

presence
a feeling that someone is still in a place
His daughter's presence seemed to fill her empty bedroom.

presence
a group of police or soldiers who are controlling a situation:
The United Nations has maintained a presence in the region for some time.

miracle
mysterious event
Jesus Christ was said to have performed miracles

pregnancy
the state of being pregnant:

risk
something bad that might happen:
His employers thought he was a security risk

at risk
in a dangerous situation:
All houses within 100 meters of the seas are at risk of flooding.

at your own risk
you are responsible for any damage
Drivers are reminded that they leave their cars here at their own risk.

impurity
the fact that a substance is dirty or lower in quality
The impurity of the water is a health risk.
Impurities are removed from blood


impurity
sexual thoughts or behaviour that are not moral

impulse
a sudden strong wish to do
I had this sudden impulse to shout out


scar
a mark left on part of the body
That burn will leave a bad scar.

scar
damage to a person's mental state:
deep psychological scar.

refugee
a person who has escaped from their own country

border
a line that has been agreed to divide one country from another:
The two countries have had frequent border disputes.

strip
a long, flat, narrow piece:
a narrow strip of land
he ripped up his shirt into thin strips.
the magnetic strip on your credit card

strip
an entertainment in which the performer removes all her clothing:
He jumped up on the table and started to do a strip.

removal
the act of taking something away
stain removal

removal
the act of forcing someone to leave
There have been calls for the president's removal.

certainty
something that is very likely to happen:
Joan will win - that's a certainty.
Joan is a certainty to win.

certainty
the sure knowledge that something is true:
Can you say with absolute certainty that this is the man you saw?


certainty
the state of being completely confident
I'm unable to answer that question with any certainty.

cure
something that makes someone healthy again:
There's still no cure for cancer.
The disease has no known cure (= a cure has not yet been found).

cure
a solution to a problem:
The best cure for boredom is hard work!

preservation
the act of preventing it from being damaged:
building preservation
wood preservation


ˌprez.əˈveɪ.ʃən.ɪst
someone who works to prevent from being destroyed or damaged

grade
a level of quality

grade
a number that shows how good someone's performance is:
Steve never studies, but he always gets good grades.
UK Carla got a grade A in German.

grade
a school class in which all the children are of a similar age is
Jackie is in the sixth grade.

blow
a hard hit with a hand or a weapon:
a sharp blow to the stomach
The blow caught him right on the bridge of his nose.

blow
an unexpected event that has a damaging effect on someone
Losing his job was a severe blow to his confidence.
Her death came as a terrible blow to her parents.

blow
an act of blowing
a blow on the trumpet
It took him three blows to get all the candles out.

set
a group of similar things that belong together
a set of trumpet

set
a group of repeated movements
I did three sets of 10 push-ups every night before bed.

set
a part of a game
They won in straight sets

slump
a fall in the price, value, sales, etc
There's been a slump in the demand for new cars.

slump
a period when someone does not have much energy:
The body's desire for a nap is strongest in the afternoon slump.

dash
the act of running very quickly:
I made a dash for the bathroom.
As soon as the rain dies down I'm going to make a dash for it

dash
a race over a short distance:
Who won the 100-yard dash?

a dash
a small amount of something that is added to something else
Add some butter and a dash of salt.
Yes please - just a dash.


slump  
in sport, a period when a team or player is performing badly:
Their mid-season slump seems to be well and truly behind them.

confidence
the quality of being certain of your abilities
She's completely lacking in confidence.


confidence
a secret that you tell someone:
They talked endlessly, exchanging confidences.

in confidence
when you do not want them to tell anyone else:
Any personal data you provide to us will be held in confidence.

arrogance
the quality of being unpleasantly proud and behaving as if you are more important than


hunger
the feeling you have when you need to eat
I can't believe that that enormous meal wasn't enough to satisfy your hunger.

hunger
a situation in which the body does not have enough food:
All over the world, people die of hunger every day.

hunger
a strong desire:
Despite some difficult times, he never lost his hunger for adventure

the rest
the other things that remain
I've got two bright students, but the rest are average.
I'll keep a third of the money and the rest is for you.
Do you have anything planned for the rest of the day?


at rest
not doing anything active, or not moving:
Her heartbeat is only 55 at rest.

rest
an object that supports the weight
I used a pile of books as a rest for my telescope.

curb
a raised edge along the side of a street

the set of something
the position in which you hold a part of your body:
I could tell from the set of his jaw that he was angry.

back
part that is furthest from the front:
We sat at the back of the bus.


back to back
close together and facing in opposite directions:
we had to sit back to back in long rows.

back to back
happening one after another
Coming up after the break, three Rolling Stones classics back to back.


the back of your hand
the side of your hand
He kissed the back of her hand.

back
the part of your body that is opposite to the front
Sleeping on a bed that is too soft can be bad for your back.


front
the part of a vehicle that is nearest to its direction
Do you want to sit in the front


front
the outside part
the front of the book.


in front
further forward than someone
The car in front

up front
the act of paying before they do something for you:
He wants all the money up front or he won't do the job.

front
land near the sea or a lake
Let's go for a stroll along the front.


front
the place where two masses of air that have different temperatures meet:
A cold front is expected to bring showers
A warm front is approaching from the west.

front
the place where fighting takes place in a war:

help
something that helps:
He was a great help (to me) while my husband was away.
Her parents gave her some help with her bank loan


the help
the people employed to work in someone's home
The help will gather our dishes.



knee
the middle joint of the leg:
He got down on his hands and knees to look for his contact lens.

piss
urine
There was piss all over the floor.

excuse
a reason that you give to explain why you did something wrong:
He'd better have a good excuse for being late.


stand
an opinion, especially one that is public:
What's her stand on sexual equality?


stand
a small shop or stall
a hotdog stand

mist
a thin layer of liquid on the surface
There's always a mist on the bathroom mirror

mist
a light rain in the air In the mornings, a mist covered the surface of the lake.

necklace
a round piece of sth with a hole through it.

screw
an act of twisting or tightening something:
Give it another screw to make sure the lid doesn't come off while we're travelling.

lid
a cover on a container
Can you get the lid off this jar?
Put a lid on the saucepan.

beetle
an insect with a hard shell-like back:
a black beetle

shell
the hard outer covering of something
very hard shells.
the shell of a tortoise

burnout
extreme tiredness or mental or physical illness caused by working too hard


tiredness
the feeling that you are in need of rest
I was overtaken by a sudden wave of tiredness.

section
one of the parts that something is divided into:
the sports section of the newspaper
non-smoking section

undergraduate
a student who is studying at university

hangout
a place where someone spends a lot of time
The café is a favourite hangout of artists.

fumes
strong, unpleasant, smoke
exhaust fumes
Petrol fumes always make me feel ill.

boredom
when you are bored:
She varies her workouts to avoid boredom.

ˈsɪt.ɪ.zən.ʃɪp
being a member of a particular country
He was granted Canadian citizenship.

joint
a place  where two bones are connected:
I put my shoulder out of joint last weekend lifting heavy boxes.

ˈhaʊs.həʊld
a family, who live together:
By the 1960s, most households had a TV.

ˈsaɪ.bə.rəˌtæk
an illegal attempt to harm someone's computer system

ˈtem.pəʊ
the speed at which a piece of music is played:
a change in tempo

ˈkɒn.trækt
a legal document that states a formal agreement
a contract of employment

onion ring
a slice of onion shaped into a ring

grass carp
a large Chinese freshwater fish called sougyo

ˈmɑːk.daʊn
a reduction in price.
"markdowns of up to 50 per cent on many items"




graduate
a person who has a first degree from a university
a Cambridge graduate

positivity
the quality of having a positive attitude:

bright spot
something that makes you feel some hope in a situation that is generally bad
Exports have been the one bright spot in the country's recent economic performance.


wrist
the part connecting the hand

noise
sounds, especially when it is unwanted
The noise out in the street was deafening.


balance
the ability to remain standing because your weight is equally distributed
The toddler wobbled and lost his balance
She had to hold onto the railings to keep her balance

claim
a right to have something
She has no rightful claim to the title.


jet
an aircraft with a jet engine
a private jet
We flew to New York by jet.

jet
a thin stream of something, such as water or gas
I think the gas jet must be blocked,

delay
the situation in which you have to wait longer than expected
This situation needs to be tackled without delay.
Long delays

use
a purpose for which something is used:
A food processor has a variety of uses in the kitchen.
you'll find a use for it one day.