英語の敬語
コミュニケーション能力に長けた人の共通点
①簡潔で短い。
②ドライすぎず、人間味がある。
③丁寧で気を遣う。
英語の敬語は、『調節』がポイント
5つの調整方法
①クッション言葉
→文頭に添える事で文章全体を丁寧な表現にする機能を持つフレーズ。
以下の表現は、自分本位。
・I think
・in my opinion
丁寧で好ましい表現は以下の通り。
・It seems to me that ~
・Basically, I agree with you, but ~
残念なことを伝える。断る。
・I am afraid that ~
・Unfortunately,
依頼
・I was wondering if (you could)~
・I am sorry to trouble you, but ~
・I understand(realize) that~,but ~
・I hate to ask you to do this, but ~
意見を述べる。
・It seems (to me) that~
反論する。
・I am not sure about that, but ~
・Another way to look at it is ~
・That may be true, but ~
・Basically, I agree with you, but ~
②リクエスト形式
・Please ~
・Could you ~?
・Would you please ~?
・Would it be possible ~?
・Is there any way (possibility) that ~?
Could you ~?、Would you ~の違い。
・Could you ~? =可能かどうか。
→できるかどうかの可能性を聞く為、相手に断る選択肢がある。
・Would you ~? =意志があるか?
→意志や気持ちがあるかどうかを問うニュアンスがある為、相手にとって断る自由度が狭まる。
クッションが欠ける直接的な表現である為、注意。
Won't you ~?は、強引で更に断る隙を与えないので使用しない。
e.g.) Won't you come and put it down on me? (Sugar/Maroon5)
③つなぎ言葉で流れを作る。
*は、カジュアルな表現(会話など)のため、メール、契約等には使わない。
・話題転換
by the way*
・元の話題に戻す。
anyway(as I was saying)*
・順番を示す。
First(ly), ~. Second(ly), ~.
First, Next, Finally, ~.
・同意に示す。
I believe so.*
I believe that's right.*
That's correct.
・例示
For example(instance)
in this case, in the event that (this happens) ~
・追加
in addition
not only A but also B
・結果説明
for this reason, as a result, because of this, consequently
all things considered, in conclusion, therefore
・まとめる。
in conclusion, in summary, so
to make a long story short*
to sum up*
the bottom line is that
・事実を述べる。
actually, in fact
・反対のことを説明
however,
instead
in spite of, despite
still, even then (so)
on the contrary, in contrast, on the other hand
・理由を説明
since ~, that's because, because of
actually
in order to ~
相手の言った事を聞き取れなかった時の発言
・Would you please repeat that?
・Would you please repeat what you just said?
・Pardon(me)?
・I'm afraid I didn't catch that. Would you mind repeat that?
④単語で格上げ
e.g.) 資料を会議で配ってください。
・Please hand out/distribute the materials at the meeting.
*以降、Excel参照
ポジティブに表現する。
×: The report will not be ready until Monday.
○: The report will be ready on Monday.
×: We cannot change the current guidelines.
○: We need to obtain approval before changing the guidelines.
×: I am not familiar with all aspects of this topic, but ~.
○: My coverage includes most aspects of this topic.
⑤『波』で変化を付ける。
→friendly but politeを目指す。
例文1.
1. Excuse me, but are you waiting for the printer?
That's okay, please go ahead.
2. Okay, thank you. I am sorry to trouble you.
No problem.
3. This printer is too slow.
Yes, I know…
4. I wish we had two machines.
Me, too!
5. Thank you for letting me go first.
Oh, not at all. Have a good day.
例文2.
1. Have you had an opportunity to review the documents?
I'm afraid I haven't.
2. Well, please let me know when you have.
Sure.
3. Thanks.
Busy these days?
4. Not really.
That's good.
5. How about you?
Same here.